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关键词： Eigenvector spectra   Feature extraction   Limited training sample classification   Hyperspectral image  

摘要： Classical supervised feature extraction methods, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonparametric weighted feature extraction (NWFE), and search for projection directions through which the ratio of a between-class scatter matrix to a within-class scatter matrix can be maximized. The two feature extraction methods can obtain good classification results when training samples are sufficient;however, the effect is nonideal when samples are insufficient. In this study, the eigenvector spectra of LDA and NWFE are modified using spectral distribution information, which is locally unstable under the condition of a few samples. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several conventional feature extraction methods.

关键词： targeted LC-HRMS analysis   turmeric characterization   polyphenols   curcuminoids   principal component analysis   partial least squares-discriminant analysis  

摘要： The importance of monitoring bioactive substances as food features to address sample classification and authentication is increasing. In this work, targeted liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) polyphenolic and curcuminoid profiles were evaluated as chemical descriptors to deal with the characterization and classification of turmeric and curry samples. The profiles corresponding to bioactive substances were obtained by TraceFinder(TM)software using accurate mass databases with 53 and 24 polyphenolic and curcuminoid related compounds, respectively. For that purpose, 21 turmeric and 9 curry samples commercially available were analyzed in triplicate by a simple liquid-solid extraction procedure using dimethyl sulfoxide as extracting solvent. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed profiles were excellent chemical descriptors for sample characterization and classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), achieving 100% classification rates. Curcuminoids and some specific phenolic acids such astrans-cinnamic, ferulic and sinapic acids, helped on the discrimination of turmeric samples;polyphenols, in general, were responsible for the curry sample distinction. Besides, the combination of both polyphenolic and curcuminoid profiles was necessary for the simultaneous characterization and classification of turmeric and curry samples. Discrimination among turmeric species such asCurcuma *** zedoaria, as well as among differentCurcuma longavarieties (Alleppey, Madras and Erode) was also accomplished.

关键词： data independent acquisition   high resolution mass spectrometry   machine learning   small molecules   SWATH  

摘要： Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables data independent acquisition (DIA) and untargeted screening. However, to avoid the handling of the resulting large dataset, most laboratories in that field still use targeted screening methods, which offer good sensitivity and specificity but are limited to known compounds. The promising field of machine learning offers new possibilities such as artificial neural networks that can be trained to classify large amounts of data. In this proof of concept study, we exemplify such a machine learning approach for raw HRMS-DIA data files. We evaluated a machine learning model using training, validation, and test sets of solvent and whole blood samples containing drugs (of abuse) common in forensic toxicology. For that purpose, different platforms were used. With a feedforward neural network model architecture, a category prediction (blank sample vs. drug containing sample) was aimed for. With the applied machine learning approaches, the sensitivity and specificity, of the validation and test set, for the prediction of sample classes were in a suitable range for an actual use in a (routine) laboratory (e.g. workplace drug testing). In conclusion, this proof of concept study clearly demonstrated the huge potential of machine learning in the analysis of HRMS-DIA data.

关键词： 凝血四项   肝硬化   临床作用  

摘要： 探讨针对肝硬化患者开展凝血四项指标检查的方法和临床作用。方法:于2019年1月至2020年3月期间,分别选取60例肝硬化患者和60例健康体检者,两组均接受凝血四项指标检验,对比两组在结果上的差异。结果:肝硬化患者的活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)均高于健康人群(P<0.05),纤维蛋白原定量(FIB)低于健康人群(P<0.05)。结论:凝血四项指标是诊断肝硬化的有效标准。

关键词： 尿常规   甲状腺功能亢进   诊断价值  

摘要： 分析尿常规检验对甲状腺功能亢进的诊断作用。方法:选取我院2019年01月至2020年01月收治的甲状腺功能亢进患者100例为研究组,并选择同期体检无甲状腺功能异常患者100例对照组,对两组患者进行尿常规检验,对比两组患者尿常规检验结果差异性。结果:研究组尿密度(1.028±0.003),较对照组尿密度(1.013±0.003)高,数据对比差异显著,t=35.355,P<0.05;研究组尿PH值(5.89±0.60),较对照组尿PH值(6.50±0.70)低,数据对比差异显著,t=6.616,P<0.05;研究组尿蛋白阳性率为19.00%,较对照组尿蛋白阳性率3.00%高,数据对比差异显著,x2=0.000,P<0.05;研究组尿酮体阳性率为20.00%,较对照组尿酮体阳性率3.00%高,数据对比差异显著,x2=0.000,P<0.05;研究组尿胆红素阳性率为14.00%,较对照组尿胆红素阳性率0.00%高,数据对比差异显著,x2=0.000,P<0.05;研究组尿糖阳性率为11.00%,较对照组尿糖阳性率0.00%高,数据对比差异显著,x2=0.001,P<0.05。结论:尿常规检查应用于甲状腺功能亢患者的早期检查中,能够根据检查结果对患者早期诊断提供参考依据,具有较高临床诊断价值。

关键词： Cannabis   college students   driving under the influence   marijuana   riding with a high driver   theory of planned behavior  

摘要： Objective: As marijuana use becomes more available to college students through increasing legal reform, this paper seeks to examine intentions for driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and riding with a high driver (RWHD) through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and assess potential interactions between personal attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and sex. Participants: Undergraduate college students (N = 311) completed online surveys in September, 2013. Method: Participants self-reported their attitudes toward DUIC, subjective norms, PBC, past DUIC and RWHD, and intentions to DUIC and RWHD. Results: Participants' attitudes toward DUIC, subjective norms, and PBC were strongly associated with intentions to DUIC and RWHD bivariately. In regression models, attitudes and PBC were both positively and significantly related to intentions to DUIC and RWHD. Conclusions: DUIC and RWHD are concerns for college populations. Targeting personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control via interventions may reduce these behaviors.

关键词： 药品检验   药品监督管理   应用研究  

摘要： 随着经济技术的迅猛成长,人们的生活水准也在日益提升,人们对自己的健康问题愈来愈重视,从而促进了我们国家的医疗事业朝着好的方向发展,以满足人们自身的健康需求。人们的健康很大程度上需要药品来保卫和维护。因此,药品检验工作显得尤为重要,它的作用就是更安全、更有效果的保障用药安全。正文将对此进行详细的论述。

关键词： 血液学   临床检验基础   课程改革  

摘要： 检验医学作为医学技术类专业的重要专业体系之一,其血液学检验与临床检验基础等都是重要的专业知识储备,但在如今院校的检验教学中却出现了忽略或轻视实验技能传授,在我校的检验专业中的血液学教学中出现的问题更具有代表性与改革性,适应社会需求与行业领域的发展,结合临床发展来改革血液学的教学模式与教学方法本文探讨了在血液学现行教学中出现的问题及血液学与临检基础结合的重要性与意义,提出了如何提高临检基础在血液学教学中的措施。希望能够帮助教师及学校改善学习环境,提高教学质量,努力满足临床与检验的紧密结合,为社会提供高质量的医学技术类人才。

关键词： 临床微生物检验   控制医院感染   临床作用  

摘要： 目的:分析临床微生物检验在控制医院感染中的作用。方法:选取2015年6月-2017年3月住院患者200例,随机分为两组,各100例。观察组住院期间进行微生物检验和监测;对照组住院期间不采用微生物监测。比较两组医院感染情况。结果:观察组医院感染发生率及感染程度均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用临床微生物检验能有效控制医院感染发生率,降低感染程度,有效提高患者临床治疗效果。

关键词： 次氯酸钙   运输   危险性   分类   包装  

摘要： 介绍了次氯酸钙的商品形式以及性质,次氯酸钙在国际危规列明的6种运输编号,分析了影响运输分类结果的因素,并对常见运输模式下次氯酸钙运输包装技术要求进行了探讨,以期指导次氯酸钙产品的安全合规运输。