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关键词： CEREBRAL palsy   FOOD habits   FUNCTIONAL assessment   MOVEMENT disorders   DEGLUTITION disorders  

摘要： AimTo determine (1) the reproducibility of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS);(2) EDACS classification distribution in a population-based cohort with cerebral palsy (CP);and (3) the relationships between the EDACS and clinical mealtime assessment, other classifications, and health outcomes. MethodThis was a cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 170 children with CP at 3 years to 5 years (mean 57.6mo, standard deviation [SD] 8.3mo;105 males, n=65 females). Functional abilities were representative of a population sample (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I=74, II=34, III=21, IV=18, V=23). The EDACS was the primary classification of mealtime function. The Dysphagia Disorders Survey was the clinical mealtime assessment. Gross motor function was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. ResultsEDACS classification had 88.3% intrarater agreement (=0.84, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95;p<0.001) and 51.7% interrater agreement (=0.36, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.79;p<0.001). In total, 56.5% of children were classified as EDACS level I. There was a strong stepwise relationship between the Dysphagia Disorders Survey and EDACS (r=0.96, p<0.001). Parental stress (odds ratio=1.3, p=0.05) and feeding tubes (odds ratio=6.4, p<0.001) were significantly related to more limited function on the EDACS. InterpretationThe EDACS presents a viable adjunct to clinical assessment of feeding skills in children with CP for use in surveillance trials and clinical practice. A rating addendum would be a useful contribution to the tool to enhance reproducibility.

关键词： evolution   influenza virus   packaging   reassortment   segment mismatch  

摘要： Influenza A virus (IAV) RNA packaging signals serve to direct the incorporation of IAV gene segments into virus particles, and this process is thought to be mediated by segment-segment interactions. These packaging signals are segment and strain specific, and as such, they have the potential to impact reassortment outcomes between different IAV strains. Our study aimed to quantify the impact of packaging signal mismatch on IAV reassortment using the human seasonal influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and pandemic influenza A/Netherlands/602/2009 (H1N1) viruses. Focusing on the three most divergent segments, we constructed pairs of viruses that encoded identical proteins but differed in the packaging signal regions on a single segment. We then evaluated the frequency with which segments carrying homologous versus heterologous packaging signals were incorporated into reassortant progeny viruses. We found that, when segment 4 (HA) of coinfecting parental viruses was modified, there was a significant preference for the segment containing matched packaging signals relative to the background of the virus. This preference was apparent even when the homologous HA constituted a minority of the HA segment population available in the cell for packaging. Conversely, when segment 6 (NA) or segment 8 (NS) carried modified packaging signals, there was no significant preference for homologous packaging signals. These data suggest that movement of NA and NS segments between the human H3N2 and H1N1 lineages is unlikely to be restricted by packaging signal mismatch, while movement of the HA segment would be more constrained. Our results indicate that the importance of packaging signals in IAV reassortment is segment dependent. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can exchange genes through reassortment. This process contributes to both the highly diverse population of IAVs found in nature and the formation of novel epidemic and pandemic IAV strains. Our study sought to determine the ext

关键词： 痕迹检验技术   刑事技术体系   地位   作用  

摘要： 痕迹检验技术作为刑事科学技术中的一个类别,主要包括足印与手印检测、犯罪工具检测、犯罪方法检测等诸多方面,应用上述技术可以深入了解犯罪形成的过程,从而帮助侦查人员推断出犯罪行为转化的规律。基于此,文章简要的说明了痕迹检验技术的定义和发展概况,然后从多角度对刑事技术体系中痕迹检验技术的地位与作用进行了论述,旨在为同行人士的研究提供一些参考。

关键词： Metagenomics   Taxonomic composition   Functional diversity   Environmental inhomogeneity   Statistical testing  

摘要： One important question in microbiome analysis is how to assess the homogeneity of the microbial composition in a given environment, with respect to a given analysis method. Do different microbial samples taken from the same environment follow the same taxonomic distribution of organisms, or the same distribution of functions? Here we provide a non-parametric statistical "triangulation test" to address this type of question. The test requires that multiple replicates are available for each of the biological samples, and it is based on three-way computational comparisons of samples. To illustrate the application of the test, we collected three biological samples taken from different locations in one piece of human stool, each represented by three replicates, and analyzed them using MEGAN. (Despite its name, the triangulation test does not require that the number of biological samples or replicates be three.) The triangulation test rejects the null hypothesis that the three biological samples exhibit the same distribution of taxa or function (error probability <= 0.05), indicating that the microbial composition of the investigated human stool is not homogenous on a macroscopic scale, suggesting that pooling material from multiple locations is a reasonable practice. We provide an implementation of the test in our open source program MEGAN Community Edition. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 无损检测技术   工业产品   质量检验  

摘要： 无损检测技术与破坏性检测技术相比,具有全面性、全程性、可靠性等特点,并且其中蕴含着多种检测方法,根据其检测原理,结合具体产品,我们可以选择合适的检测方式,本文对无损检测技术在产品质量检验中的作用进行了分析探讨,仅供参考。

关键词： 能力验证   检验机构   农作物种子检验   种子质量检验   发芽试验   净度   能力状况   不合格   纠正措施   检验数据  

摘要： 开展能力验证的主要目的是识别需要采取整改措施、改善能力状况或者达不到最低能力表现要求的检验机构。能力验证是评价检验机构技术能力的重要手段,对于检验机构技术能力的保持和提升作用显著。

关键词： 沙门菌   检测方法   全面生化反应   血清学检测  

摘要： 目的探究临床检验方法在检测沙门菌中的作用。方法选取我院2013年1月至2016年12月收治的疑似沙门菌感染的患者100例,将这100例患者随机分为两组,对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规的检测方法鉴定,观察组采用全面生化反应联合血清学检测。观察两组患者的检出率。结果对照组沙门菌检出率为71.11%,观察组沙门菌检出率为90.91%,观察组检出率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对沙门菌的检测,采用生化反应后,采用血清学检测,能够提高检出率,值得临床上广泛应用。

关键词： 尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检验   糖尿病   肾损伤  

摘要： 目的分析尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检验对糖尿病早期肾损伤的作用。方法该文随机抽取该院于2016年10月—2017年1月收治的40例糖尿病早期肾损伤患者和40名健康人员作为研究对象,并将其分别划分为观察组和对照组两个组别。给予尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检验,观察两组平均尿糖含量、平均尿微量白蛋白含量、尿糖检验阳性率、尿微量白蛋白检验阳性率。结果观察组平均尿糖含量(3.62±0.16)mmol/L、平均尿微量白蛋白含量(39.67±11.28)mg/L,均高于对照组的平均尿糖含量(1.20±0.11)mmol/L、平均尿微量白蛋白(15.94±8.65)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组无尿糖阳性,其尿微量白蛋白检验阳性率2.50%;观察组尿糖检验阳性率72.50%,尿微量白蛋白检验阳性率57.50%,二者之间的检验阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检验用于糖尿病早期肾损伤,可有效检测出准确的尿糖指标及尿微量白蛋白治疗,为临床诊断提供精确的参照依据,促进疗效的提升,具有较高的应用价值。

关键词： 内审员   内部审核   质量管理体系  

摘要： 检验检测内审员要充分发挥好在实验室质量体系运行中的作用,必须要熟悉国家法律、法规。做一名合格的内审员责任非常重大,要敢于发现问题、善于发现问题,要有高度的严肃性和严谨性,遇事讲原则,只有这样才能发挥好内审员的作用。本文从检验检测机构质量管理体系中,针对问题对内审员的作用以及要求做了具体分析。

关键词： 食品药品检验   化学试剂   化学危险品   化学试剂管理  

摘要： 目的探讨化学试剂分类在食品药品检验机构化学试剂管理中的作用。方法查阅化学试剂分类相关文献、标准及法规,对化学试剂分类进行归纳,并进行分析讨论。结果化学试剂分类在化学试剂采购、验收、贮藏、配制、使用、废弃等管理工作中均具有重要作用。结论食品药品检验机构化学试剂管理应重视化学试剂的分类,应根据化学试剂的分类及理化性质进行分类管理。