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关键词： 劳动合同法   意思自治   国家强制   书面形式   二倍工资差额  

摘要： 书面形式,一直是我国法律对劳动合同形式提出的基本要求,2007年通过的《劳动合同法》及其《实施条例》从实体法角度强化了劳动合同书面形式的法律规制。理论与实务界对二倍工资差额仲裁时效起算点的突破性解释,从程序法角度迎合了实体法中书面形式的强制性要求。但是上述实体法的规则设计欠缺妥当性,程序法的法律解释不具有合法性。我国法律对于劳动合同书面形式的强制性要求已经将保护劳动者的手段上升至立法目的层面,手段与目的的倒置在一定程度上反映出我国劳动关系法律调整中国家干预的越位。具有浓厚的国家强制色彩的劳动关系法律调整机制,在劳动合同制度起步阶段的确发挥了重要作用,但是,随着社会主义市场经济体制的发展完善,我国当前的劳动关系法律调整机制亟待做出相应调整。国家干预只有建立在充分尊重并保障劳动关系双方当事人意思自治的基础之上,才能实现劳动法律制度的立法目的。

关键词： 生化检验   肾上腺皮质疾病   诊断   作用  

摘要： 目的分析生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中的作用。方法选取本院2014年1月至2015年1月收治的肾上腺皮质疾病患者60例为研究对象,将其随机分为两组,即对照组与观察组,各30例。对照组采用常规检验方式对肾上腺皮质疾病患者进行检验,观察组则采用生化检验方式对肾上腺皮质疾病患者进行检验,比较两组患者检验效果。结果对照组检验总有效率为83.33%,观察组为96.67%,对照组检验无效率为16.67%,观察组为3.33%,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生化检验应用于肾上腺皮质疾病的诊断中,有着显著作用,可作为确诊肾上腺皮质疾病的主要指标,具有临床推广价值。

关键词： 印章印文检验法   透光重叠比较检验法   显微镜检验法   村委会选举票。  

摘要： 印章印文的手工检验方法可以准确无误地检验基层村委会选举票的印章印文。

关键词： Nonparametric feature extraction   Hyperspectral images   Parzen window   Hughes phenomenon   Limited training samples  

摘要： Feature extraction plays a crucial role in improvement of hyperspectral images classification. Nonparametric feature extraction methods show better performance compared to parametric ones when distribution of classes is non normal-like. Moreover, they can extract more features than parametric methods do. In this paper, a new nonparametric linear feature extraction method is introduced for classification of hyperspectral images. The proposed method has no free parameter and its novelty can be discussed in two parts. First, neighbor samples are specified by using Parzen window idea for determining local mean. Second, two new weighting functions are used. Samples close to class boundaries will have more weight in the between-class scatter matrix formation and samples close to class mean will have more weight in the within-class scatter matrix formation. The experimental results on three real hyperspectral data sets, Indian Pines, Salinas and Pavia University, demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance in comparison with some other nonparametric and parametric feature extraction methods. (C) 2016 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： LUNAR soil   BASALT   LUNAR geology   PETROLOGY   ILMENITE   PLAGIOCLASE  

摘要： Lunar mare basalts provide insights into the compositional diversity of the Moon's interior. Basalt fragments from the lunar regolith can potentially sample lava flows from regions of the Moon not previously visited, thus, increasing our understanding of lunar geological evolution. As part of a study of basaltic diversity at the Apollo 12 landing site, detailed petrological and geochemical data are provided here for 13 basaltic chips. In addition to bulk chemistry, we have analyzed the major, minor, and trace element chemistry of mineral phases which highlight differences between basalt groups. Where samples contain olivine, the equilibrium parent melt magnesium number (Mg#;atomic Mg/[Mg + Fe]) can be calculated to estimate parent melt composition. Ilmenite and plagioclase chemistry can also determine differences between basalt groups. We conclude that samples of approximately 1-2mm in size can be categorized provided that appropriate mineral phases (olivine, plagioclase, and ilmenite) are present. Where samples are fine-grained (grain size <0.3mm), a paired samples t-test can provide a statistical comparison between a particular sample and known lunar basalts. Of the fragments analyzed here, three are found to belong to each of the previously identified olivine and ilmenite basalt suites, four to the pigeonite basalt suite, one is an olivine cumulate, and two could not be categorized because of their coarse grain sizes and lack of appropriate mineral phases. Our approach introduces methods that can be used to investigate small sample sizes (i.e., fines) from future sample return missions to investigate lava flow diversity and petrological significance.

关键词： Vitamin D   C3-epimer   mass spectrometry   LC-MS/MS   cord blood  

摘要： Background The presence of C3-epimer (C-3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D) in infant serum may complicate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement when using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays that do not separately measure the epimer. We measured the concentration of C3-epi-25(OH)D in neonatal samples in Western Australian using umbilical cord blood samples and a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay that separately quantifies 25(OH)D and C3-epi-25(OH)D. Methods A total of 120 anonymized cord blood samples were analysed using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay that utilizes two CSH fluoro-phenyl columns in series. Chromatography was performed on a Waters Acquity Ultra Performance Liquid system, and quantification was using a Waters Quattro Premier XE mass spectrometer. Results C3-epi-25(OH)D-3 was detected in all umbilical cord blood samples (median 5.2nmol/L, IQR 3.7-6.6nmol/L) and contributed 6.6% (SD 2.6, 95% CI [6.1, 7.1]) of the total 25(OH)D concentration. Mean 25(OH)D-3 measured in cord blood was 79.1nmol/L (SD 22.7nmol/L). A positive relationship (R-2=0.35, P<0.0005) between 25(OH)D-3 levels and C3-epi-25(OH)D-3 was noted in this cohort. No samples contained 25(OH)D-2 or C3-epi-25(OH)D-2. Conclusion C3-epi-25(OH)D-3 is present in all neonatal samples but contributes <10% of the total 25(OH)D concentration which is unlikely to be clinically significant. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays that do not separately quantify C3-epi-25(OH)D-3 from other vitamin D metabolites may potentially overestimate neonatal 25(OH)D levels, but diagnostic misclassification in neonates is unlikely.

关键词： cognitive impairment   diagnosis   early detection   subjective cognitive complaints   verbal memory  

摘要： Objective: The aim of this study is to compare an empirically derived classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from a sample of adults with subjective cognitive complaints by using cluster analysis of their performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) with a classification of aMCI based on standard clinical criteria. Method: Three hundred ninety-one individuals aged 48 years and older were diagnosed as aMCI or healthy controls. Cluster analysis of the CVLT performance was conducted, followed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A two-cluster solution performed on the CVLT measures correctly classified 98.0% of the aMCI patients and 73.4% of the healthy controls diagnosed by using standard aMCI criteria. Discussion: The empirically derived classification of aMCI is consistent with the classification based on standard criteria;however, standard criteria should also be considered to prevent false positives.

关键词： Tunnel boring machine   Geoelectrics   Electrical resistivity   Geologic prediction  

摘要： Tunnel excavation by means of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is susceptible to unknown changes ahead of the tunnel face. Geophysics. offers a technique called electrical resistivity that can continuously, in real-time, spatially map the formation in front of the TBM. Electrical resistivity has been successfully established for many applications including vadoze zone hydrology, oil/gas location, mineral location and failure detection in geo-structures. Yet it has not been well-established for TBM excavations. This is in part due to the complexity of the TBM tunneling environment and the uncertain influence this environment may have on the success of TBM-integrated-electrical resistivity to predict changes ahead of the tunnel face. One significant uncertainty lies in the interface region that exists around the TBM created during the modification of the virgin formation by a mechanical mixing action of the rotating cutterhead and the injection of additives used to aid in the extraction of the muck and protect the cutting tools from frictional wear. In this study, we investigate the influence of this interface region on TBM-integrated-electrical resistivity for both hard rock and soft ground tunneling conditions through finite element modeling. Regarding the performance of TBM-integrated-electrical resistivity to detect changes ahead of the cutting face, the interface region holds significant influence for both earth pressure balance (EPB) and open mode tunneling conditions. Electrical resistivity for slurry based tunneling is not influenced by the interface region. Simulations suggest that TBM-integrated-electrical resistivity can be sensitive to a formation change that is located up to five diameters in front of the TBM. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 安全生产   检测检验   作用  

摘要： 我国《安全生产法》等法律法规中对安全生产检测检验工作做出了明确规定,同时认定检测检验工作的开展有助于消除事故问题,为此,当代煤矿企业在可持续发展过程中应提高对检测检验工作的重视程度,且在检测检验工作开展过程中分析在用设备实际运行状况,并判断产品安全性能、产品危险性等,达到最佳的安全事故预防控制效果。本文从安全生产检测检验作用分析入手,并详细阐述了安全生产检测检验工作实施对策。

关键词： 财政政策   货币政策   数值模拟   内生经济增长  

摘要： 文章扩展了Espinosa-Vega和Yip(1999)的模型,讨论了财政政策、货币政策与经济增长的动态关系,通过Hamilton函数法得到经济增长率与各参数的显式关系,并通过数值模拟得到了较好的结果。利用中国1991—2013年的宏观数据进行实证研究,发现实证结果佐证了理论结论的正确性。