学科服务 更多>>

关键词： Biomechanics   Ultrasound   Fascicle   Elastic   Moment arm  

摘要： Humans utilise elastic tendons of lower limb muscles to store and return energy during walking, running and jumping. Anuran and insect species use skeletal structures and/or dynamics in conjunction with similarly compliant structures to amplify muscle power output during jumping. We sought to examine whether human jumpers use similar mechanisms to aid elastic energy usage in the plantar flexor muscles during maximal vertical jumping. Ten male athletes performed maximal vertical squat jumps. Three-dimensional motion capture and a musculoskeletal model were used to determine lower limb kinematics that were combined with ground reaction force data in an inverse dynamics analysis. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles was used to measure muscle fascicle lengths and pennation angles during jumping. Our results highlighted that both GAS and SOL utilised stretch and recoil of their series elastic elements (SEEs) in a catapult-like fashion, which likely serves to maximise ankle joint power. The resistance of supporting of body weight allowed initial stretch of both GAS and SOL SEEs. A proximal-to-distal sequence of joint moments and decreasing effective mechanical advantage early in the extension phase of the jumping movement were observed. This facilitated a further stretch of the SEE of the biarticular GAS and delayed recoil of the SOL SEE. However, effective mechanical advantage did not increase late in the jump to aid recoil of elastic tissues.

关键词： 微生物学技术   会诊   质量管理   沟通  

摘要： 本文从标本获取、质量保证及参与会诊等多角度入手分析微生物检验与临床沟通在病原学诊治中的作用,做到以患者为中心,多学科相互配合,提高临床感染的诊疗水平。

关键词： FoodWiki   Food knowledge base   Safety food consumption   Mobile E-health systems   Food side effects  

摘要： In this article, a research project on mobile safe food consumption system (Food Wiki) is discussed that performs its own inferencing rules in its own knowledge base. Currently, the developed rules examines the side effects that are causing some health risks: heart disease, diabetes, allergy, and asthma as initial. There are thousands compounds added to the processed food by food producers with numerous effects on the food: to add color, stabilize, texturize, preserve, sweeten, thicken, add flavor, soften, emulsify, and so forth. Those commonly used ingredients or compounds in manufactured foods may have many side effects that cause several health risks such as heart disease, hypertension, cholesterol, asthma, diabetes, allergies, alzheimer etc. according to World Health Organization. Safety in food consumption, especially by patients in these risk groups, has become crucial, given that such health problems are ranked in the top ten health risks around the world. It is needed personal e-health knowledge base systems to help patients take control of their safe food consumption. The systems with advanced semantic knowledge base can provide recommendations of appropriate foods before consumption by individuals. The proposed Food Wild system is using a concept based search mechanism that performs on thousands food compounds to provide more relevant information.

摘要： One of the greatest challenges in microbial ecology remains to link the metabolic activity of individual cells to their taxonomic identity and localization within environmental samples. Here we combined mass-spectrometric imaging (MSI) through (matrix-assisted) laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MSI ([MA] LDI-TOF/MSI) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to monitor antibiotic production in the defensive symbiosis between beewolf wasps and 'Streptomyces philanthi' bacteria. Our results reveal similar distributions of the different symbiont-produced antibiotics across the surface of beewolf cocoons, which colocalize with the producing cell populations. Whereas FISH achieves single-cell resolution, MSI is currently limited to a step size of 20-50 mu m in the combined approach because of the destructive effects of high laser intensities that are associated with tighter laser beam focus at higher lateral resolution. However, on the basis of the applicability of (MA) LDI-MSI to a broad range of small molecules, its combination with FISH provides a powerful tool for studying microbial interactions in situ, and further modifications of this technique could allow for linking metabolic profiling to gene expression.

关键词： 3D printing   Advanced materials   Influenza   Lab-On-a-Chip   Magnetic particle  

摘要： Peptide-peptide interactions are crucial in the living cell as they lead to the formation of the numerous types of complexes. In this study, synthetic peptides containing 11 of cysteines (-domain of metallothionein (MT)) and sialic acid binding region (130-loop of hemagglutinin (HA)) were employed. The aim of the experiment was studying the interactions between MT and HA-derived peptides. For this purpose, fragments were tagged with cysteines at C-terminal part to serve as ligand sites for PbS and CuS quantum dots (QDs), and therefore these conjugates can be traced and quantified during wide spectrum of methods. As a platform for interaction, -Fe2O3 paramagnetic particles modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (hydrodynamic diameter 30-40 nm) were utilized and MT/HA interactions were examined using multi-instrumental approach including electrochemistry, electrophoretic methods, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. It was found that peptides enter mutual creation of complexes, which are based on some of nonbonded interactions. The higher willingness to interact was observed in MT-derived peptides toward immobilized HA. Finally, we designed and manufactured flow-throughelectrochemical 3D printed device (reservoir volume 150 L) and utilized it for automated analysis of the HA/MT metal labels. Under the optimal conditions, (deposition time and flow rate 80 s and 1.6 mL/min for CuS and 120 s and 1.6 mL/min PbS, respectively), the results of peptide-conjugated QDs were comparable with atomic absorption spectrometry.

关键词： Aggression   children   gender   popularity   prosocial behavior  

摘要： Using peer nomination data, this study explored predictors of popularity among 144 third- through eighth-grade students in a diverse urban school. Findings demonstrated that children were more likely to be nominated as popular by peers when they exhibited higher levels of prosocial behavior or aggression. Furthermore, a significant interaction between prosocial behavior and aggression predicted popularity. Children with high levels of peer-nominated aggression were more likely to be viewed as popular when they were also nominated by their peers for engaging in high levels of prosocial behavior. Lastly, findings suggested that the positive association between prosocial behavior and popularity was stronger for girls than boys. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.

关键词： Macrophage   Phagocytosis   Apoptotic cell   NTHi   Flow cytometry   Lung disease  

摘要： A defective ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose both apoptotic airway epithelial cells and bacteria in chronic lung diseases potentially associated with inflammation and bacterial colonisation of the lower airways, often with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), has been shown. We routinely assess phagocytosis in the airway of children: however, the small volume of BAL obtained usually precludes the investigation of phagocytosis of both (potentially equally relevant) apoptotic cells and NTHi. Methods: We established a 'one-tube, dual target' flow-cytometric assay for investigating alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of both apoptotic cells and NTHi. The effect of bacterial presence on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was assessed by comparing results using this technique to standard 'two tube, single target' methods. The comparative ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose NTHi or apoptotic cells was assessed in 10/group of healthy adult controls and patients with COPD, 12 children with bronchiectasis, and 10 children controls. We then assessed the influence of increasing concentrations of NTHi targets on the ability of THP-1 macrophages to simultaneously phagocytose apoptotic cells. Results: Alveolar macrophages phagocytosed NTHi more avidly than apoptotic cells (mean +/- SEM: apoptotic cells 15.4% +/- 0.5 vs. NTHi 17.2% +/- 0.7, p < 0.05). The presence of NTHi targets (ratio of 1:100 macrophage: NTHi;2 x 10(7) CFU routinely applied in our assay) had no effect on the ability of macrophages to simultaneously phagocytose apoptotic cells. However, when bacterial numbers were increased (up to 4-fold) there was a small but significant suppressive effect on the ability of macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells. Conclusions: We describe a small volume 'one tube, dual target' technique to measure phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and NTHi. We show that alveolar macrophages phagocytose NTHi more avidly than apoptotic cells, and that an increased presen

关键词： Multiple kernel learning   Boosting   Hyperspectral images   Classification   Limited training samples  

摘要： The problem of limited training samples is always a major concern in hyperspectral remote sensing image classification. In this paper, a sample-screening multiple kernel learning (S2MKL) method is proposed for hyperspectral image classification with limited training samples. The core idea of the proposed method is to employ boosting strategy for screening the limited training samples under MKL framework. Different from existing methods, the proposed MKL method exploits the boosting trick to try different combinations of the limited training samples and adaptively determine the optimal weights of base kernels in the linear combination. Morphological profiles are firstly extracted as the both spatial and spectral features for classification instead of the original spectra. With the morphological profiles, AdaBoost strategy is then introduced to guide the construction of multiple kernel learning machine. By means of boosting strategy, the limited samples are effectively screened and used for classification. Meanwhile, the weights of base kernels in the linear combination are automatically determined in the process of screening samples. Three real hyperspectral data sets are used to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed boosting-based multiple kernel learning method is superior to state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification performance while limited samples are used. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： pharmaceuticals   biotech   gene editing   CRISPR  

摘要： The article reports on the five-year partnership that is formed by biotechnology company Crispr Therapeutics with Bayer for the development of gene therapies to cure blindness, heart disease and disorders of the blood.