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关键词： 生化检验项目   肝硬化疾病   诊断  

摘要： 目的：分析生化检验项目在肝硬化疾病诊断中的作用。方法回顾性选择2014年5月～2015年5月我院收治80例肝硬化患者临床资料，将其作为研究组，另再选择70例正常人，将其作为对照组，均行生化检验，比较两组患者生化检验及纤维化指标。结果研究组天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素指标均高于对照组，且研究组白蛋白比对照组更低于标准值；研究组层黏连蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原指标均高于对照组，P＜0.05，差异具有统计学意义。结论生化检验项目在肝硬化疾病的诊断准确率高。

关键词： Bayesian mixture modeling   Markov chain Monte Carlo   Depression   Disruptive behavior   Comorbidity  

摘要： Objective: The objective of this study was to apply a Bayesian statistical analytic approach that minimizes multiple testing problems to explore the combined effects of chronic low familial support and variants in 12 candidate genes on risk for a common and debilitating childhood mental health condition. Method: Bayesian mixture modeling was used to examine gene by environment interactions among genetic variants and environmental factors (family support) associated in previous studies with the occurrence of comorbid depression and disruptive behavior disorders youth, using a sample of 255 children. Results: One main effect, variants in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR, rs53576) was associated with increased risk for comorbid disorders. Two significant gene x environment and one signification gene x gene interactions emerged. Variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 subunit (CHRNA5, rs16969968) and in the glucocorticoid receptor chaperone protein FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5, rs4713902) interacted with chronic low family support in association with child mental health status. One gene x gene interaction, 5-HTTLPR variant of the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) in combination with mu opioid receptor (OPRM1, rs1799971) was associated with comorbid depression and conduct problems. Conclusions: Results indicate that Bayesian modeling is a feasible strategy for conducting behavioral genetics research. This approach, combined with an optimized genetic selection strategy (Vrieze et al., 2012), revealed genetic variants involved in stress regulation (FKBP5, SERT x OPMR), social bonding (OXTR), and nicotine responsivity (CHRNA5) in predicting comorbid status. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

摘要： Objective: The purpose of this study was to employ the criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), in a general population sample and to compare the diagnostic classifications and prevalence with those of DSM-IV, DSM-III-R, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Method: We used a stratified random sample of 1,091 participants (ages 18-64) in Stockholm County, who were interviewed between 1998 and 2002. A semistructured interview was conducted using Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-5, DSM-IV, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10. Agreement was studied using Cohen's kappa. Results: The prevalence of DSM-5 AUD was 11.0%, with corresponding dependence or abuse/harm diagnosis being 8.7% for DSM-IV, 8.5% for DSM-III-R, and 4.9% for ICD-10. With the shift from DSM-IV to DSM-5, 3.2% of those with no disorder were reclassified as mild AUD, whereas 28.9% of those with DSM-IV abuse were reclassified as having no disorder. The majority of the "new cases" had two DSM-IV dependence criteria, and few endorsed the new DSM-5 craving criteria. Cohen's kappa between DSM-5 AUD and dependence or abuse/harm was as follows: DSM-IV,.84, DSM-III-R,.83, and ICD-10,.62. These findings were lower than their between the older systems: between DSM-IV and DSM-III-R,.98, between DSM-IV and ICD-10,.70, and between DSM-III-R and ICD-10,.72. Conclusions: In the present study population, there were more undiagnosed DSM-W cases being diagnosed as AUD using DSM-5 than vice versa, but in total the number of cases increased moderately when going from DSM-IV to DSM-5. Concerning reliability, there are substantial to almost perfect agreements between DSM-5 classifications of AUDs and those of DSM-IV, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10.

关键词： 代建制   合同   风险分担  

摘要： 如何识别、评价工程项目中的风险,进而采取恰当的措施管理风险,建立相应的风险分担机制,最大程度的降低风险给工程建设带来的危害和损失,以达到顺利工程项目的目标,是工程建设者们最关心的问题。基于此,针对代建制模式进行了研究,并对代建制模式下的风险分担进行了探讨。

关键词： 风险管理   进出口商品   检验监督   作用  

摘要： 随着食品安全法的实施,进出口检验机构对工作要求日益严格,食品检验数据在对食品生产企业的监管和指导生产的作用也越发重要。随着食品监管的逐步深入,检验检测的品种范围不断扩大和多样化。在检验过程中,检验机构的风险也随之增加,下文就食品检验机构的风险管理做一探讨,以此体现风险管理在进出口检验监督中的重要作用。

关键词： Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy   Chemometrics   Supervised methods   Bone remains  

摘要： In this work seven supervised chemometric methods have been evaluated in a real world application for the classification of human bone remains with similar elemental composition based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements. Bone samples belonging to five individuals were obtained from a local cemetery, exposed to uncontrolled conditions. LIBS data were processed with different linear and non-linear supervised chemometric approaches. The performance of each chemometric model was assessed by three validation procedures taking into account their sensitivity (internal validation), generalization ability and robustness (independent external validation). The accuracy of each method increased in the following order: 42% for Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), 48% for Classification and Regression Tree (CART), 56% for Support Vector Machines (SVM), 58% for Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), 58% for Partial least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), 66% for Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and 100% for Artificial Neural Networks (NN). The results showed that NN outperforms in terms of sensitivity, generalization ability and robustness;whereas SIMCA, PLS-DA, LDA, CART, Logistic Regression and SVM did not show significant accuracy to discriminate the bone samples with a high degree of similarity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 糖尿病   早期肾损伤   尿微   尿糖  

摘要： 目的分析临床诊断糖尿病患者早期肾损伤时采用尿微量和尿糖联合检验方法的意义。方法随机抽取该院于2013年1月—2014年1月来院治疗的糖尿病患者62例作为观察组,选择同期来院治疗的健康体检者60例作为对照组,两组患者均进行尿微量白蛋白和尿糖的检测,对其检测结果进行分析比较。结果观察组尿微量白蛋白、尿糖检测结果分别为(42.36±5.34)mg/L、(1.84±0.82)mmol/L,均高于对照组的(15.28±3.25)mg/L、(1.03±0.21)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组中尿微量白蛋白阳性率、尿糖阳性率分别为58.06%、82.26%,两者结果不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病临床诊断中采取实施尿糖和尿微量白蛋白联合检验,可提高其早期肾损伤的诊断准确率,在临床中具有良好的应用价值。

关键词： 生化检验   肾上腺皮质疾病   临床价值  

摘要： 肾上腺皮质病症是临床常见疾病,主要是由于肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多而引发的。在临床诊断中,对于肾上腺皮质类疾病常采用生化检验的方法进行诊断。文章通过临床随机病例试验的方法,对生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中运用的临床价值进行分析验证,进而探讨生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中的临床价值。

关键词： 临床医学检验   第三方检验机构   独立实验室   检验机构服务模式  

摘要： 第三方医学检验机构进入国内数十年,随着医改的深入及市场竞争体制的不断完善,已经成为检验医学的一个重要组成部分。作者从国内外第三方医学检验机构的产生背景出发,结合特有国情,探讨其现有的服务模式及市场作用,并对未来发展的机遇和挑战作出了相应分析。

关键词： 销售包装   包装装潢设计   增值功能   食品包装   运输包装   包装种类   作用分类   企业形象   组合包装   商业包  

摘要： 现代包装种类很多,因分类角度不同形成多种分类方法。(一)按流通过程中的作用分类1.销售包装又称小包装或商业包装,不仅具有对商品的保护作用,而且更注重包装的促销和增值功能,通过包装装潢设计手段来树立商品和企业形象,吸引消费者、提高商品竞争力。瓶、罐、盒、袋及其组合包装一般属于销售包装。2.运输包装又称大包装,应具有很好的保护功能以及方便贮运和装卸功能。