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关键词： High dimension   Small sample size   Meta-classification   Ensemble classifier   Microarray data  

摘要： Classification using small sample size (limited number of samples) with high dimension is a challenging problem in both machine learning and medicine as there are a wide variety of possible modeling approaches. Furthermore, it is not always clear which method is optimal for a prediction task. Different modeling choices include feature selection (dimensionality reduction), classification algorithms, and ensemble selection. There are several possible combinations of these methods, and it is not always clear which is the best. In the previous works, researchers show that evolutionary computation is useful to build an ensemble from the pairs of feature selection and classification algorithms. However, there are several parameters to be determined for the evolutionary computation and it requires computational time for the optimization. In this paper, we attempt to improve the approach by adopting meta-classification with the farthest-first clustering algorithm. The effectiveness and accuracy of our method are validated by experiments on four real micro-array datasets (colon, breast, prostate and lymphoma cancers) publicly available. The results confirm that the proposed method outperforms single individual classifiers and other alternatives (standard genetic algorithm, and methods from literature).

关键词： training data   sample allocation schemes   discrete classification   class membership estimation   classification tree   regression tree   national land cover dataset of the United States 2006   MODIS  

摘要： Land cover mapping for large regions often employs satellite images of medium to coarse spatial resolution, which complicates mapping of discrete classes. Class memberships, which estimate the proportion of each class for every pixel, have been suggested as an alternative. This paper compares different strategies of training data allocation for discrete and continuous land cover mapping using classification and regression tree algorithms. In addition to measures of discrete and continuous map accuracy the correct estimation of the area is another important criteria. A subset of the 30 m national land cover dataset of 2006 (NLCD2006) of the United States was used as reference set to classify NADIR BRDF-adjusted surface reflectance time series of MODIS at 900 m spatial resolution. Results show that sampling of heterogeneous pixels and sample allocation according to the expected area of each class is best for classification trees. Regression trees for continuous land cover mapping should be trained with random allocation, and predictions should be normalized with a linear scaling function to correctly estimate the total area. From the tested algorithms random forest classification yields lower errors than boosted trees of C5.0, and Cubist shows higher accuracies than random forest regression.

关键词： 内部控制   投资者保护   知情权   决策权   收益权  

摘要： 内部控制可通过直接机制对投资者知情权、决策权、收益权起到保护作用,通过间接机制提高会计信息质量,实现对投资者知情权的保障。本文构建了投资者基本权利保护程度指标体系以及过程指标与结果指标相结合的内部控制质量评价体系,能实现投资者基本权利和企业内部控制质量的定量化评价。通过实证检验发现:基于我国特殊的制度环境,投资者决策权保护效果最好,其次为知情权,最后为收益权;高质量的内部控制质量有助于投资者知情权、收益权、决策权的实现,但作用力却依次递减。

关键词： AMPHIPHILES   BLOCK copolymers   LIPID membranes   PERMEABILITY   MONTE Carlo method  

摘要： We investigate interactions of linear amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers with lipid bilayer membranes by means of Monte Carlo simulations in a generic coarse-grained model. The polymers have hydrophilic A-blocks and B-blocks of varying hydrophobicity. The effect of different conformational states of the polymer on the induced permeability for solvent molecules is examined. We demonstrate that the local permeability of the membrane can be strongly increased in the transmembrane state, in particular for a mismatch in the hydrophobicity between the middle block and the membrane core, while the hairpin state has almost no effect on this property, especially for growing hydrophobic mismatch. We have investigated the relative stability of the two states using thermodynamic integration and have shown that only in a range of intermediate hydrophobic block lengths NB and hydrophobicities H-B the transmembrane state is stable. Increasing mismatch of the B-block in terms of relative hydrophobicity and block length not only causes stronger perturbations in the membrane if the polymer is in the transmembane state but also renders this state metastable. Our studies support in particular previous experimental studies suggesting a two-state model of PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers.

关键词： high-impact educational practices   Latino/a   qualitative   student–faculty interaction   undocumented immigrant student   validation  

摘要： This study explored the experiences of nine undocumented Latino/a students and their perception of interactions with faculty and institutional agents at a predominantly White institution (PWI). Using Charmaz as a lens to analyze individual student interviews, three main findings resulted: sharing one’s story, encountering barriers to full participation, and experiencing significant interactions. Students described numerous obstacles that prevented them from developing validating relationships with faculty and institutional agents, primarily due to their undocumented status. © The Author(s) 2015.

关键词： 包装饮用水   新国标   分类   饮用天然矿泉水   饮用纯净水   国家标准   食品安全   矿物质  

摘要： 矿泉水、矿物质水、纯净水、天然水、蒸馏水、苏打水等水品种经常让消费者有点不清楚，不过，5月24日正式实施的《食品安全国家标准包装饮用水》（GB19298—2014）（以下简称包装饮用水新国标）会让此等混乱局面变得简单不少。新国标规范统一包装饮用水分类近日，记者走访北京多家超市发现，货架上包装饮用水琳琅满目，包括饮用天然水、饮用纯净水、饮用天然矿泉水、饮用矿物质水等，此外还包括部分企业主打的蒸馏水、富氧水、苏打水、太空水、弱碱性水等等，价格则从1到10元不等，很多消费者其实并没有搞清楚这些水有什么区别。

关键词： 糖尿病   生化检验指标   临床作用  

摘要： 目的：探讨生化检验指标在糖尿病诊断中的临床作用。方法：选取2012年3月～2015年3月进行生化检验的120例体检者作为研究对象，60例正常健康体检者为对照组，60例糖尿病患者为观察组。结果：观察组糖尿病患者的空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h 血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）均明显高于对照组（P ＜0.05）。结论：生化检验指标可以有效反应糖尿病患者各项指标变化，有利于糖尿病诊断及治疗结果判断。

关键词： 新生儿   溶血   生化检验   作用  

摘要： 目的:分析新生儿溶血样本对生化检验结果的作用及优化措施。方法:选取我院2011年3月-2015年2月期间接受生化检验的138例新生儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均按照常规方式采集两管血液标本,并分别作为溶血标本和未溶血标本,对两组试管进行血常规检测,检测指标包括谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷草转氨酶水平并进行对比。结果:检测结果显示,溶血组新生儿谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷草转氨酶水平均显著低于未溶血组(P<0.05),谷氨酰转肽酶水平均显著高于未溶血组(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿溶血样本会对生化检验结果造成很大的影响,尤其是谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷草转氨酶水平,需引起临床人员重视,在开展溶血检验过程中积极通过合理选择采血点、采血方式等优化措施,避免或减少溶血发生。

关键词： 重要性   血液分析   血涂片  

摘要： 目的:观察在血液分析当中采取血涂片复检的临床应用价值。方法:选取2011年9月-2013年11月在我院通过血细胞分析检测标本2 645份,根据血涂片复查规则和报警信息对其中出现异常结果的标本给予人工推片、染色以及显微镜复查,给予全面分析。结果:通过血细胞分析标本2 645份,血涂片镜检测421份,其中371份血涂片镜检结构和血细胞分析仪检测结构相符合,符合率为88.12%。结论:在血液分析当中采取血涂片复检,可以避免出现漏诊,具有临床推广价值。

关键词： Multi-class data classification   Mathematical programming   Mixed integer optimisation   Hyper box representation  

摘要： In this work, we propose two novel classifiers for multi-class classification problems using mathematical programming optimisation techniques. A hyper box-based classifier (Xu & Papageorgiou, 2009) that iteratively constructs hyper boxes to enclose samples of different classes has been adopted. We firstly propose a new solution procedure that updates the sample weights during each iteration, which tweaks the model to favour those difficult samples in the next iteration and therefore achieves a better final solution. Through a number of real world data classification problems, we demonstrate that the proposed refined classifier results in consistently good classification performance, outperforming the original hyper box classifier and a number of other state-of-the-art classifiers. Furthermore, we introduce a simple data space partition method to reduce the computational cost of the proposed sample re-weighting hyper box classifier. The partition method partitions the original dataset into two disjoint regions, followed by training sample re-weighting hyper box classifier for each region respectively. Through some real world datasets, we demonstrate the data space partition method considerably reduces the computational cost while maintaining the level of prediction accuracies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.