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关键词： 细菌学检验  

摘要： 细菌感染日益成为一个严峻的问题摆在广大医务工作者面前。医院感染的发生主要有两种类型,即外源性感染、内源性感染。要对不同类型的感染做出正确的诊断,必须进行微生物学检查。

关键词： 双向FDI流动   国内价格波动   作用机制   协整分析   误差修正模型  

摘要： 根据开放的凯恩斯主义AD-AS模型短期均衡分析,FDI流入和流出可以通过资本项目收支、国际贸易和国内投资等渠道,从货币和实物两个方面作用于总需求和总供给,并对国内价格总水平产生影响。基于多变量的VAR模型,运用协整分析和误差修正模型方法对1982~2013年中国双向FDI流动与国内价格波动的关系进行实证检验,结果显示:(1)短期看,滞后1期CPI和国内固定资产投资对当期CPI具有较为明显的正效应;(2)FDI流入对CPI具有正向推动效应,且长期表现更加明显;(3)短期看,FDI流出和贸易开放度对CPI的影响不显著,但长期看,二者对CPI均具有显著的反向抑制效应。

关键词： 林学理论   提高水平   木材检验工作  

摘要： 木材检验直接影响森工企业在有限资源条件下的经济效益,所以必须加强和提高木材检验水平。根据多年在林区基层工作的经验,总结出了林学基础理论与木材检验工作相结合的途径,希望能够为广大的木材检验工作者作一个参考。

关键词： 医疗联合体   医学检验服务   支撑平台  

摘要： 自2013年以来,北京地区构建了多个区域医联体。在中日友好医院医联体运行的半年多时间里,针对遇到的问题,医联体内各医疗机构采取了许多相应的措施。针对医学检验信息互通、结果互认、样本转运等方面的问题,中日友好医院联合医联体内各成员单位引入医学检验服务支撑平台,探索一种"互助式"的新型医学检验服务模式,力求达到"六统一"的要求,实现医联体的优势互补、资源优化配置作用。

关键词： Botany   Science Instruction   STEM Education   Questioning Techniques   Teaching Methods   Science Education   Scientific Principles   Cytology   Introductory Courses   Synchronous Communication   Interviews   Student Reaction   Undergraduate Students   Biology   Multiple Choice Tests   Scoring Rubrics   Regression (Statistics)   Statistical Analysis   Nonparametric StatisticsMann Whitney U Test  

摘要： One challenge in science education assessment is that students often focus on surface features of questions rather than the underlying scientific principles. We investigated how student written responses to constructed-response questions about photosynthesis vary based on two surface features of the question: the species of plant and the order of two question prompts. We asked four versions of the question with different combinations of the two plant species and order of prompts in an introductory cell biology course. We found that there was not a significant difference in the content of student responses to versions of the question stem with different species or order of prompts, using both computerized lexical analysis and expert scoring. We conducted 20 face-to-face interviews with students to further probe the effects of question wording on student responses. During the interviews, we found that students thought that the plant species was neither relevant nor confusing when answering the question. Students identified the prompts as both relevant and confusing. However, this confusion was not specific to a single version.

关键词： Supervised learning   Posterior Distribution Learning   Supervised manifold classification  

摘要： Building a supervised model with good generalization ability in data space using a tiny number of labeled samples is always practically significant and attractive, because labeled samples are generally very expensive to obtain, as the labeling process usually takes much time and resource. In this paper we propose a new supervised two-step learning framework, Posterior Distribution Learning (PDL), to build a robust supervised model in data space by first describing a new constrained graph method to estimate the posterior probability of the unlabeled samples in learning set and then extending a real function regression model to a vector-valued function model to fit a nonlinear function for the posterior probability distribution in the input data space. Compared with traditional supervised learning method, PDL can significantly reduce the demand upon training samples and exhibits the potential to perform nonlinear manifold classification. Experimental results on both synthetic and real world data sets are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed supervised architecture. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cervus nippon   control region   mitochondrial DNA   phylogeny   phylogeographic history   sika deer  

摘要： To further refine the classification and phylogeny of sika deer subspecies, the well-annotated sequences of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 13 sika deer subspecies from GenBank were downloaded, aligned and analyzed in this study. By reconstructing the phylogenetic tree with an extended sample set, the results revealed a split between Northern and Southern Mainland Asia/Taiwan lineages, and moreover, two subspecies, *** and ***, were existed in Northern Mainland Asia. Unexpectedly, Dybowskii's sika deer that was thought to originate from Northern Mainland Asia joins the Southern Mainland Asia/Taiwan lineage. The genetic divergences were ranged from 2.1% to 4.7% between Dybowskii's sika deer and all the other established subspecies at the mtDNA sequence level, which suggests that the maternal lineage of uncertain sika subspecies in Europe had been maintained until today. This study also provides a better understanding for the classification, phylogeny and phylogeographic history of sika deer subspecies.

关键词： Clustering   supervised   attributes   gene expression  

摘要： For analyzing gene expression data there is a need in use of clustering Technique. Clustering provides alternative approach for heuristic for probability analysis. Classification and clustering are the two important ones in gene expression data analysis. Classification is concerned with assigning memberships to samples based on expression patterns, and clustering aims at finding new biological classes and refining existing ones. To cluster and recognize patterns in gene expression datasets, dimension problems are encountered. Typically, gene expression datasets consist of a large number of genes (attributes) but a small number of samples (tuples). In real data analysis, one of the important issues is computing both relevance and redundancy of attributes by discover the dependencies among them. Selection of genes is important in the clustering technique. So here it implements attribute clustering method which is able to group genes based on their interdependence so that meaningful patterns can be formed from the gene expression data. Grouping and selection are two important factors. We implement it by gene expression data so that meaningful clusters were formed.

关键词： 技能大赛   微生物检验   教学模式  

摘要： 微生物检验是医学检验专业一门实践性和技能性很强的专业课,学生实践操作技能培养至关重要。检验技能大赛不仅能提升学生专业技能,激发学习兴趣,还能推动微生物检验教学模式改革,促进"双师型"师资队伍建设。

关键词： Support vector machine   Genetic algorithm   Particle swarm optimization   Wavelet domain denoising   Age determination   Abalone dataset  

摘要： Among machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is outstanding for its high efficiency and good generalization ability. This paper mainly concerns the classification performance of SVMs for multiple classes and auxiliary algorithms combined with SVMs. These auxiliary algorithms include Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm, parameters optimizing methods and Two-Step Classification strategy. Results are given under data-based framework that classification ability and operation efficiency of SVMs are both improved when dimension is reduced;and Two-Step Classification SVM (TSC-SVM) works well under circumstances that samples overlap with each other seriously. In TSC-SVM, differences between adjacent samples are denoised by wavelet transform and magnified by a proper weighting function, after samples are sorted into correct groups in the first step. Discussions and comparisons are based on abalone dataset According to the simulations, it is believed that step-wise SVMs have superior classification ability. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.