学科服务 更多>>

关键词： 团队共享心智   隐性知识学习   作用路径   扎根理论   结构方程模型  

摘要： 团队共享心智是影响隐性知识学习水平的核心因素。利用扎根理论方法对2003—2012年间有关共享心智与隐性知识学习的40篇核心期刊的学术论文进行归纳分析,结论表明:团队共享心智对隐性知识学习的作用路径主要通过知识交互系统、内外社会网络、组织层际系统、团队精神四个层面来实现;知识交互系统、内外社会网络影响隐性知识学习的全过程,团队精神影响个体隐性知识、团队隐性知识的学习;团队共享心智的形成、隐性知识的学习在组织层际系统的框架内进行,受到组织层级系统的影响。以此可以构建团队共享心智与隐性知识学习的作用路径整合框架。同时,为了检验扎根理论构建的理论模型,可以利用结构方程模型、AMOS7.0软件,并采用问卷调查法具体分析以及验证构建模型中的变量关系,并指出未来修正与完善建构的作用路径整合框架的具体方向。

关键词： ALL   ANOVA   Microarray   KNN   Leukemia  

摘要： Microarray experiments are used to generate gene expression data to analyze large number of problems. Human cancer is one of the serious problems and microarray analysis also got acceptance for diagnosis and classification of human cancer. But classification of microarray sample is also tricky. The problem of classifying microarray samples into a set of alternative classes is discussed here. Patients are classified into a pre-defined set of genetic mutations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer which is genetic in nature. It is a heterogeneous disease that contains various leukemia subtypes that differ in their response towards chemotherapy. In this paper DNA microarray is used to detect the number of patients suffering from cancer by using ALL dataset. The dataset used here has characteristics of feature selection i. e. how to reduce the number of features that describe each observation. It contains data set of 128 patients at beginning with 12625 genes or feature and at end 94 patients are detected positive for cancer with only 743 genes or features left.

关键词： Alcohol and marital interaction   Behavioral observation and daily diaries   Multi-method assessment of alcoholic couples  

摘要： Background: This study examined gender differences in alcohol involvement and marital interactions among probands with a past 1-year alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: Adults with alcohol dependence (37 males and 17 females) and their spouses were recruited from a local substance abuse treatment center and from the local community. Couples completed a series of self-report measures and a 15-min videotaped marital interaction task that was coded for negative and positive behaviors and sequential interactions. Couples also separately called in to an interactive voice response (IVR) system every night for 14 consecutive nights and reported on their spouse's negative and positive marital behaviors. Results: Compared to male probands, female probands reported a) more negative marital interactions in the previous month;b) higher levels of negative reciprocity and a lower positive-to-negative ratio in the marital interaction task;and c) more daily and nightly marital conflict over the 14-day diary period. Negative marital behaviors in the evening by female spouses were associated with higher odds of intoxication among male probands on the following day. In contrast, a) negative marital behaviors by male spouses were cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of intoxication among female probands within the same day;and b) positive marital behaviors by male spouses during the day were associated with lower odds of intoxication among female probands that night. Conclusions: Marital conflict, assessed via multiple methods over multiple time scales, appears to be more frequent among female compared to male alcoholics. Marital conflict predicts daily intoxication among male and female probands. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： UV irradiation   Echinaceae purpureae   Antioxidant   Free radicals   EPR spectroscopy  

摘要： The effect of UVA (315-400 nm) irradiation on Echinaceae purpureae interactions with free radicals was examined by the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The changes of antioxidant properties of E. purpureae with time of UV irradiation from 10 to 110 min (10 min steps) were determined. DPPH as the paramagnetic reference was used in this study. Changes of EPR signals of the reference after interactions with nonirradiated and UV-irradiated E. purpureae were detected. Interactions of the tested E. purpureae samples caused decrease of the EPR signal of DPPH as the result of its antioxidant properties. The decrease of the amplitude of EPR line of DPPH was lower for interactions with UV-irradiated E. purpureae. EPR examination confirmed antioxidant properties of E. purpureae. The weaker antioxidant properties of E. purpureae after UV irradiation were pointed out. E. purpureae should be storage in the dark. The tests bring to light usefulness of electron paramagnetic resonance with microwave frequency of 9.3 GHz (an X-band) in examination of storage conditions of pharmacological herbs.

关键词： biochemistry   cell biology   cell cycle   cell division   centromere   human   kinetochore   spindle assembly checkpoint  

摘要： The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors and promotes kinetochore-microtubule attachment during mitosis. Bub1 and BubR1, SAC components, originated from duplication of an ancestor gene. Subsequent sub-functionalization established subordination: Bub1, recruited first to kinetochores, promotes successive BubR1 recruitment. Because both Bub1 and BubR1 hetero-dimerize with Bub3, a targeting adaptor for phosphorylated kinetochores, the molecular basis for such sub-functionalization is unclear. We demonstrate that Bub1, but not BubR1, enhances binding of Bub3 to phosphorylated kinetochores. Grafting a short motif of Bub1 onto BubR1 promotes Bub1-independent kinetochore recruitment of BubR1. This gain-of-function BubR1 mutant cannot sustain a functional checkpoint. We demonstrate that kinetochore localization of BubR1 relies on direct hetero-dimerization with Bub1 at a pseudo-symmetric interface. This pseudo-symmetric interaction underpins a template-copy relationship crucial for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and SAC signaling. Our results illustrate how gene duplication and sub-functionalization shape the workings of an essential molecular network.

关键词： ION mobility spectroscopy   VOLATILE organic compounds   WAVELET transforms   DISCRIMINANT analysis   AIR sampling  

摘要： Ion mobility spectrometry combined with multicapillary column separation (MCC-IMS) is a well-known technology for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gaseous samples. Due to their large data size, processing of MCC-IMS spectra is still the main bottleneck of data analysis, and there is an increasing need for data analysis strategies in which the size of MCC-IMS data is reduced to enable further analysis. In our study, the first untargeted chemometric strategy is developed and employed in the analysis of MCC-IMS spectra from 264 breath and ambient air samples. This strategy does not comprise identification of compounds as a primary step but includes several preprocessing steps and a discriminant analysis. Data size is significantly reduced in three steps. Wavelet transform, mask construction, and sparse-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (s-PLS-DA) allow data size reduction with down to 50 variables relevant to the goal of analysis. The influence and compatibility of the data reduction tools are studied by applying different settings of the developed strategy. Loss of information after preprocessing is evaluated, e.g., by comparing the performance of classification models for different classes of samples. Finally, the interpretability of the classification models is evaluated, and regions of spectra that are related to the identification of potential analytical biomarkers are successfully determined. This work will greatly enable the standardization of analytical procedures across different instrumentation types promoting the adoption of MCC-IMS technology in a wide range of diverse application fields.

关键词： 医院感染   微生物检验   控制   应用效果  

摘要： 目的：分析充分发挥临床微生物检验在控制医院感染中的作用。方法：选择2013年12月到2014年12月期间在我院进行治疗的600例患者为研究对象，然后将其根据随机数字表分为两组，每组300例。其中一组作为观察组，该组患者在治疗时进行微生物检验。另一组作为观察组，该组患者在治疗时不进行微生物检验，然后对两组患者医院感染发生率和感染程度进行比较分析。结果：观察组的医院感染发生率和感染程度均明显低于对照组，两组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：对患者进行微生物检验可以有效控制医院感染，减少医院感染发生率和感染程度，效果理想，值得在临床上广泛推广。

关键词： Electric field   Electric double layer   Direct electron transfer   Orientation   Denaturation  

摘要： Effects of the electrode poential on the activity of an adsorbed enzyme has been examined by using copper efflux oxidase (CueO) as a model enzyme and by monitoring direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis of oxygen reduction. CueO adsorbed on bare Au electrodes at around the point of zero charge (E-pzc) shows the highest DET activity, and the activity decreases as the adsorption potential (E-ad;at which the enzyme adsorbs) is far from E-pzc. We propose a model to explain the phenomena in which the electrostatic interaction between the enzyme and electrodes in the electric double layer affects the orientation and the stability of the adsorbed enzyme. The self-assembled monolayer of butanethiol on Au electrodes decreases the electric field in the outside of the inner Helmholtz plane and drastically diminishes the E-ad dependence of the DET activity of CueO. When CueO is adsorbed on bare Au electrodes under open circuit potential and then is held at hold potentials (E-ho) more positive than E-pzc, the DET activity of the CueO rapidly decreases with the hold time. The strong electric field with positive surface charge density on the metallic electrode (sigma(M)) leads to fatal denaturation of the adsorbed CueO. Such denaturation effect is not so serious at E-ho << E-pzc, but the electric field with negative sigma(M) induces an orientation inconvenient for the DET reaction during the adsorption process. A positively charged neomycin shows a promoter ability to Cue adsorbed at E-ad << E-pzc. The phenomenon is also explained on the proposed model. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： contexts   methodology   ritual   prehistory   psychoactive substances  

摘要： The relationship between humans and psychoactive substances can be traced back over millennia. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the consumption of drug plants and fermented beverages in prehistoric times by drawing upon some archaeological examples worldwide that illustrate the early use of these substances. The archaeological evidence of psychoactive substances is assessed in the light of some indicators that should be taken into consideration when examining this type of data.