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关键词： 金相检验   发展   重要性  

摘要： 随着国民经济的不断变化与发展,汽车工业的发展壮大以及机械行业向高精尖设备发展的转型都大大推动了特钢行业的发展变化,随着品种的多样化,设备的齐全化,目前我国特钢产量占世界比例的15-20%左右,对于特钢产品的研发以及自主创新的发展模式更是提出了更高的要求及标准,文章主要针对金相检验等技术在材料中的研究情况进行简要的分析与总结,并重点阐述了金相检验的地位极其重要作用,希望可以对特钢工业的发展起到一定的推动作用。

关键词： 血涂片分析   血常规检验   作用分析  

摘要： 目的探讨血涂片分析在血常规检验中的作用,为临床检验工作提供参考。方法收集1875例患者的资料,对需要的患者进行血常规检测,对结果显示异常的标本再进行外周血涂片显微镜下镜检,对血液标本的形态学和白细胞分类进行观察。结果 1875例病例中,257例自动血细胞分析仪显示结果异常者,经外周血细胞涂片显微镜检查确认为异常者34例,其中缺铁性贫血12例、巨幼细胞性贫血10例、急性白血病4例、慢性粒细胞性白血病5例、异型淋巴细胞增多症3例。结论加强血涂片镜检能为临床医生提供更直观、全面的诊断依据,有效地提高疾病诊断的准确率。

关键词： Sampling  

摘要： A problem of classification by precedents in partial precedence models is considered. An algorithm is presented for searching for maximum logical regularities of a class (LRCs) for consistent training tables. A two-level solution scheme of a problem is proposed for finding an optimal decision rule. First, LRCs are obtained by training data, and a mapping of the initial feature descriptions of objects into a space of points of a discrete unit cube is constructed. The objects of the training sample can be divided by a hyperplane in the latter space. It is suggested that a linear decision rule in the latter space that provides the maximum gap, similar to the support vector method, should be used as the decision rule. © 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： 改良终点法   原终点法   生化检验  

摘要： 目的对临床生化检验中改良终点法和原终点法的作用进行对比分析。方法临床对两种检验方法进行使用,对比分析改良终点法和原终点法之间的相关性以及线性浓度。结果在检测结果差异对比中,两种方法差异不明显,不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);改良终点在正常浓度下的批内CV和总CV测定要高于原终点法,在异常情况下低于原终点法,两者之间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);改良终点法在高浓度测量下其线性浓度测定范围要大于原终点法,两者之间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在生化高浓度检验中,改良终点法应用优势明显高于原终点法,因此可以对改良终点法进行推广使用。

关键词： 尿糖   尿微量白蛋白   糖尿病早期肾损害   诊断  

摘要： 目的：探讨尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检验对糖尿病早期肾损伤的诊断意义。方法：指定1名具有专业知识及丰富经验的临床实验室检查医师完成研究组、对照1组、对照2组患者尿糖与尿微量白蛋白联合检测工作，记录3组患者检测结果，给予统计学分析后得出结论。结果：研究组尿微量白蛋白含量显著高于对照1组及对照2组，对照1组则显著高于对照2组（P〈0.05）；研究组与对照1组尿糖含量显著高于对照2组（P〈0.05），但2组间对比结果无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：对疑似糖尿病肾损伤患者及时给予尿微量白蛋白检测可准确判断其是否发生肾损伤情况，有利于临床医生及时确诊病情并给予正确治疗，保障患者疗效及预后。

关键词： 法定形式   合同效力   合意   勃兴   形式自由   实质正义  

摘要： 在罗马法早期,合同的效力来源于特定的仪式。在合意作为合同本质被发现后,合同法经历了祛魅的过程,合同形式不再作为合同效力的来源。此后,合同形式的功能发生了重要的变化。它作为维护实质正义的工具在某些领域出现了勃兴。

关键词： HOSPITAL care   NEPHRECTOMY   LAPAROSCOPIC surgery   PROSTATECTOMY   ADRENALECTOMY   PROSTATE cancer -- Diagnosis  

摘要： Objective: To explore the relationship between operative time, approach, and length of stay (LOS) in partial nephrectomy (PN), radical prostatectomy (RP), and adrenalectomy (AD). Materials and Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we identified all PN, RP, and AD from 2010 to 2012. Non-prostate cancer RP were excluded. The primary outcome was LOS. Descriptive comparisons were drawn between open and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for each surgery. Multiple linear regression assessed the impact of open versus MIS and operative time on LOS when controlling for confounders. Results: We identified 3760 PN (60% MIS), 12,081 RP (82% MIS), and 1684 AD (76% MIS) cases for inclusion. Differences in operative time were identified. In PN and RP, MIS mean operative time was 10 to 23 minutes longer (p < 0.001 each);while for AD, open was 35 minutes longer (p < 0.001). Open procedures had consistently longer median LOS (p < 0.001 all). Results of the linear regression are given next. Conclusions: Operative time and surgical approach are directly associated with LOS, independent of complications and patient comorbidities.

关键词： Ant colony optimization   Computationally intractable problem   Feature selection   Heuristic search  

摘要： Deriving classification patterns from large dataset requires much amount of preprocessing. Datasets are large by (i) number of attributes (ii) number of samples. Gene expression datasets are large in terms of attributes which have thousands of features (genes) and less number of samples. Large sampled datasets have thousands of samples and less number of attributes. When both these kind of datasets used directly for deriving classification model, there are problems like long training and testing time, less accurate classification rules, irrelevant features. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic to get optimal solution for computationally intractable problems. In first module of this paper, modified ACO is applied to select most promising set of features from large attributed datasets. The experiment is done on various real datasets and results are compared with corresponding state-of- the-art methods. Results show that by using our approach, two objectives are fulfilled (i) Number of features are reduced up to great extent and (ii) Most accurate class can be predict. In second module, competitive sample selection is applied to get only necessary and unique samples from large sampled dataset. The results show that, two objectives are fulfilled (i) Number of samples are reduced and (ii) Most accurate class can be predict.

关键词： BOLD fMRI   preprocessing   model optimization   data-driven metrics   head motion   physiological noise   multivariate analysis  

摘要： In recent years, a variety of multivariate classifier models have been applied to fMRI, with different modeling assumptions. When classifying high-dimensional fMRI data, we must also regularize to improve model stability, and the interactions between classifier and regularization techniques are still being investigated. Classifiers are usually compared on large, multisubject fMRI datasets. However, it is unclear how classifier/regularizer models perform for within-subject analyses, as a function of signal strength and sample size. We compare four standard classifiers: Linear and Quadratic Discriminants, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines. Classification was performed on data in the linear kernel (covariance) feature space, and classifiers are tuned with four commonly-used regularizers: Principal Component and Independent Component Analysis, and penalization of kernel features using L-1 and L-2 norms. We evaluated prediction accuracy (P) and spatial reproducibility (R) of all classifier/regularizer combinations on single-subject analyses, over a range of three different block task contrasts and sample sizes for a BOLD fMRI experiment. We show that the classifier model has a small impact on signal detection, compared to the choice of regularizer. PCA maximizes reproducibility and global SNR, whereas L-p-norms tend to maximize prediction. ICA produces low reproducibility, and prediction accuracy is classifier-dependent. However, trade-offs in (P, R) depend partly on the optimization criterion, and PCA-based models are able to explore the widest range of (P, R) values. These trends are consistent across task contrasts and data sizes (training samples range from 6 to 96 scans). In addition, the trends in classifier performance are consistent for ROI-based classifier analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4499-4517, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

摘要： Influenza A and B viruses cocirculate in humans and together cause disease and seasonal epidemics. These two types of influenza viruses are evolutionarily divergent, and exchange of genetic segments inside coinfected cells occurs frequently within types but never between influenza A and B viruses. Possible mechanisms inhibiting the intertypic reassortment of genetic segments could be due to incompatible protein functions of segment homologs, a lack of processing of heterotypic segments by influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an inhibitory effect of viral proteins on heterotypic virus function, or an inability to specifically incorporate heterotypic segments into budding virions. Here, we demonstrate that the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) of prototype influenza B viruses can complement the function of multiple influenza A viruses. We show that viral noncoding regions were sufficient to drive gene expression for either type A or B influenza virus with its cognate or heterotypic polymerase. The native influenza B virus HA segment could not be incorporated into influenza A virus virions. However, by adding the influenza A virus packaging signals to full-length influenza B virus glycoproteins, we rescued influenza A viruses that possessed HA, NA, or both HA and NA of influenza B virus. Furthermore, we show that, similar to single-cycle infectious influenza A virus, influenza B virus cannot incorporate heterotypic transgenes due to packaging signal incompatibilities. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the lack of influenza A and B virus reassortants can be attributed at least in part to incompatibilities in the virus-specific packaging signals required for effective segment incorporation into nascent virions. IMPORTANCE Reassortment of influenza A or B viruses provides an evolutionary strategy leading to unique genotypes, which can spawn influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. However, the mechanism preventing intertypic reassortment or gene exchang