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关键词： 法定形式   形式瑕疵   一般治愈   个别治愈   适格治愈  

摘要： 合同法定形式瑕疵的治愈是软化形式僵硬性,保护意思自治的重要方式。法定形式瑕疵可治愈的理由包含目的满足和信赖保护。治愈方式则包含一般治愈和个别治愈。适格治愈行为的核心是履行,但各国立法例又额外设定了其他要求。

关键词： Adolescent   Algorithms   DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods   Feces/chemistry   Genome, Viral/genetics   Genome, Viral/genetics   High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods   HIV Infections/diagnosis   HIV Infections/genetics   HIV-1/genetics   Humans   Nucleic Acids/genetics   Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods  

摘要： We have developed a full genome virus detection process that combines sensitive nucleic acid preparation optimised for virus identification in fecal material with Illumina MiSeq sequencing and a novel post-sequencing virus identification algorithm. Enriched viral nucleic acid was converted to double-stranded DNA and subjected to Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The resulting short reads were processed with a novel iterative Python algorithm SLIM for the identification of sequences with homology to known viruses. De novo assembly was then used to generate full viral genomes. The sensitivity of this process was demonstrated with a set of fecal samples from HIV-1 infected patients. A quantitative assessment of the mammalian, plant, and bacterial virus content of this compartment was generated and the deep sequencing data were sufficient to assembly 12 complete viral genomes from 6 virus families. The method detected high levels of enteropathic viruses that are normally controlled in healthy adults, but may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and will provide a powerful tool for virus detection and for analyzing changes in the fecal virome associated with HIV-1 progression and pathogenesis.

关键词： 贷款   违约风险   学校作用  

摘要： 国家助学贷款是一种有效的社会救济方式。学生在离开学校之后会受到许多不可控因素的影响,导致违约风险的发生,学校在做好本职工作的同时,还需要建立相应的机制来防止与消除违约风险。

关键词： 质量监督检验中心   服装产品   河南   纺织   棉花   地方政府   产业转型   质量分析  

摘要： 国家棉花及纺织服装产品质量监督检验中心（河南）的建成．必将为产业转型升级服务．为地方政府提供产业质量分析、履行监督和综合管理职能提供技术支撑，充分凸显该国家级质检中心作为政府公共检测服务平台的作用。

关键词： 检验医师   规范化培训   报告签发  

摘要： 培养高素质的检验医师是保证现代实验室诊断医学持续快速发展的必要条件。我国的检验医师规范化培训已开启十余年,但目前在许多机构中,检验医师的培养与检验技师培养仍相混淆,这在很大程度上与检验报告解释签发程序还没有在我国建立有关。随着检验新技术的不断涌现,临床科室对检验报告解释签发的要求将会凸显,所以建立检验报告解释签发程序将对提升检验医师规范化培训的质量和促进临床对检验医师的需求发挥重要作用。

关键词： Computer security   malware   control flow   structural classification   structured control flow   unpacking  

摘要： Malware is a pervasive problem in distributed computer and network systems. Malware variants often have distinct byte level representations while in principal belong to the same family of malware. The byte level content is different because small changes to the malware source code can result in significantly different compiled object code. To classify the packed and polymorphic malware, this paper proposes a system, for malware classification using a fast application level emulator to reverse the code packing transformation, and two flowgraph matching algorithms to perform classification. If packed, dynamic analysis employing application level emulation reveals the hidden code using entropy analysis to detect when unpacking is complete. Static analysis then identifies characteristics, building signatures for control flow graphs in each procedure. The similarities between the set of control flow graphs and those in a malware database accumulate to establish a measure of similarity. A similarity search is performed on the malware database to find similar objects to the query. Using more than 15,000 real malware, collected from honeypots, the effectiveness is validated by showing that there is an 88% probability that new malware is detected as a variant of existing malware.

关键词： Customer-to-customer interactions   loyalty   personal interaction quality   satisfaction   service atmospherics   word of mouth  

摘要： Few empirical studies have been conducted to explore how customer-to-customer interactions (CCI) affect satisfaction, loyalty, and word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviors in the hospitality industry. The purpose of this paper is to address this knowledge gap. Then, the paper examines the mediating role of personal interaction quality (PIQ) and service atmospherics on CCI, satisfaction, and loyalty behaviors. The study proposes a structural model of the relationships among CCI, satisfaction, loyalty, WOM, PIQ, and service atmospherics in the context of the hospitality industry. The hypothesized relationships are then tested in an empirical study with a sample of 200 guests of Laleh Hotels in the area of *** subjects were asked to complete a self-administrated questionnaire using a convenience-sampling approach. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, one samplet-test, and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze guests’ perceptions of the research constructs. The results show that: 1) service atmospherics has a significant impact on CCI and hotel satisfaction, 2) personal interaction quality has a significant impact on hotel satisfaction and hotel loyalty, 3) hotel satisfaction has a significant impact on hotel loyalty and hotel WOM, and 4) CCI is significantly associated with hotel loyalty and hotel WOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Challenging behavior   Fragile X syndrome   Functional analysis   Functional behavior assessment  

摘要： This study used experimental functional analyses to examine the operant function of challenging behaviors exhibited by 12 males (ages 27-51 months) with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Eight children met criteria for negatively reinforced challenging behavior in the form of escape from demands and/or escape from social interactions. Nine children met criteria for positively reinforced challenging behavior in the form of obtaining access to highly preferred items. Attention was identified as a maintaining consequence for three children. The functional analysis was inconclusive for one child. Results suggest that, for young males with FXS, challenging behaviors may more likely be tangibly and escape maintained than attention maintained. Our findings affirm past research suggesting a unique behavioral phenotype for this population. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve   Classification   HapMap data   Heterogeneous stock mice data   Probability of correct classification   Receiver operating characteristic   Sample size determination  

摘要： Background: Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be useful in predicting phenotypes ranging from an individual's class membership to his/her risk of developing a disease. In multi-class classification scenarios, clinical samples are often limited due to cost constraints, making it necessary to determine the sample size needed to build an accurate classifier based on SNPs. The performance of such classifiers can be assessed using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) for two classes and the Volume Under the ROC hyper-Surface (VUS) for three or more classes. Sample size determination based on AUC or VUS would not only guarantee an overall correct classification rate, but also make studies more cost-effective. Results: For coded SNP data from D(>= 2) classes, we derive an optimal Bayes classifier and a linear classifier, and obtain a normal approximation to the probability of correct classification for each classifier. These approximations are then used to evaluate the associated AUCs or VUSs, whose accuracies are validated using Monte Carlo simulations. We give a sample size determination method, which ensures that the difference between the two approximate AUCs (or VUSs) is below a pre-specified threshold. The performance of our sample size determination method is then illustrated via simulations. For the HapMap data with three and four populations, a linear classifier is built using 92 independent SNPs and the required total sample sizes are determined for a continuum of threshold values. In all, four different sample size determination studies are conducted with the HapMap data, covering cases involving well-separated populations to poorly-separated ones. Conclusion: For multi-classes, we have developed a sample size determination methodology and illustrated its usefulness in obtaining a required sample size from the estimated learning curve. For classification scenarios, this methodology will help scien

关键词： 感知价值   学生满意度   结构方程  

摘要： 本文提出并通过问卷调查实证研究了一个高校学生满意度影响机制的综合模型,结构方程模型(SEM)分析结果表明,教育服务主体(教师)的态度显著地影响学生满意度的提升。客体(学生)的参与程度对其满意度提升的影响也是显著的。学生的感知价值会显著影响学生的满意度,同时中介了教师态度、学生参与和学生满意度之间的关系。