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关键词： 临床护士   检验科   临床检验   诊断和治疗   分析前误差   检验标本   检验结果   标本采集   诊断及治疗   运输过程   误差分析   规范   分析误差   总误差   准确性   显示   统计   数据   实验   失真  

摘要： 临床检验是给临床提供诊断及治疗依据的,因此临床检验结果直接关系到患者诊断和治疗。检验标本采集的是否规范直接关系到检验标本数据的准确性,对于疾病的诊断和治疗有着重要的意义。据统计,国内外临床检验中误差分析显示:检验分析前误差占实验定总误差的50%~80%,分析前误差是指标本采集、保存及运输过程中导致的分析误差[1]。不规范的采集、储存和运送标本是导致标本检验结果失真的最主要原因之一。

关键词： 显微数码互动动   临床检验基础   传统教学  

摘要： 目的分析显微数码互动系统在临床检验基础实验教学中的意义。方法在本院检验专业的全体学生均实行显微镜互动系统教学和基础的实验教学,通过问卷调查和实验考核2种方式进行分析比较。结果显微数码互动教学和传统教学效果存在差异。结论临床检验中显微数码互动系统教学的效果要高于传统的实验教学效果。

关键词： 卫生检测   样品   统计分析  

摘要： 目的了解杭州市疾病预防控制中心2012年度检测样品的基本概况,为完善今后区域卫生检测服务提供政策建议。方法使用"立方实验室管理系统"软件收集并登记2012年度检测样品信息,通过Excel对数据进行汇总和分析。结果 2012年度检测报告共4729份,其中委托检测报告占80.50%。2012年度样品总数为16922件,其中环境卫生样品占44.01%,疾控类样品占22.76%,消杀类样品占16.53%。HIV样品数增长明显。2012年样品项次数共为42354项次,其中理化检验科占35.03%,微生物检验科占20.86%,环境与职业卫生监测所占25.31%,消毒生物媒介防制所占11.94%,艾滋病性病防治所占6.49%。结论委托检测是中心实验室工作主要类型,环境卫生、疾病监测以及医院感染监测是检测工作的主要内容。合理安排实验室资源,有助于更好地开展检测工作。

关键词： 资源寻求   量表编制   调节作用   同伴帮助关系   人力资源管理   领导支持  

摘要： 资源在员工完成工作任务和实现未来发展中起到十分重要的作用。以往研究更多地讨论了组织为员工提供资源的重要性，但针对员工自身如何主动获取资源并没有系统的研究。本研究针对这一方面的空缺，根据工作要求-资源理论，提出资源寻求的定义，即个体主动向工作关系中的他人寻求有助于完成工作任务和个体发展的额外资源，并与已有资源进行整合以便充分利用、提高工作效能的过程。进一步，我们根据资源寻求的内容，将其分为信息资源寻求和情感资源寻求两个维度。以资源寻求的概念以及信息资源寻求和情感资源寻求为基础，本研究编制了资源寻求问卷，并对问卷进行一系列检验。预实验通过探索性因素分析对资源寻求量表的二因素模型进行检验。实验一以302名工程技术人员为样本，利用验证性因素分析对资源寻求的二因素模型进行验证，以同伴帮助、工作满意度和工作绩效为指标，检验资源寻求及其两个维度的预测效度，并通过因素分析对资源寻求和主动性人格进行区分。实验二以568名呼叫中心客服员工为样本，检验资源寻求及两个维度在转换型领导与领导支持和同伴帮助关系中的调节作用。\n 研究结果发现，1）探索性因素分析支持了资源寻求中信息资源寻求和情感资源寻求两个因素;2）验证性因素分析证实了资源寻求的二因素模型;3）在控制了外向性、宜人性和开放性后，资源寻求与同伴帮助、工作满意度和工作绩效正相关，其中信息资源寻求对同伴帮助、工作满意度和工作绩效的预测显著，情感资源寻求对同伴帮助的预测显著;4）资源寻求在转换型领导与领导支持和同伴帮助的关系中起调节作用，资源寻求水平高时，转换型领导与领导支持和同伴帮助正相关更强。信息资源寻求在转换型领导与领导支持关系中的调节作用显著，在转换型领导与同伴帮助关系中的调节作用不显著。文章最后对研究结果及其理论和实践意义进行了讨论。

关键词： 检验科   服务   性床  

摘要： 提高检验质量，始终不渝地坚持结果的准确性是服务好临床的核心内容。质量是检验科永恒的主题，没有一个可靠的质量和稳定的结果输送到临床，根本谈不上服务临床。在多年的检验工作中，我们总结要从如下几个方面来保证质量：（1）建立完善的质量管理体系。质量管理是通过对过程的管理来实现的，患者和临床医护部门是临床实验室的主要客户，满足患者和临床医护部门的要求是临床实验室建立质量管理体系的核心，所建立的质量管理体系是否有效，

关键词： 合同订立   推定形式   口头形式   合同成立   自动售货机   现货交易   买卖合同   合同纠纷   受害方  

摘要： 法律规定合同订立方式有口头形式、书面形式、推定形式三种。一、口头形式口头形式在日常生活中经常被采用。集市的现货交易、商店里的零售等一般都采用口头形式。二、书面形式合同书以及任何记载当事人要约、承诺和权利义务内容的文件,都是合同书面形式的具体表现。三、推定形式推定形式,是当事人未用语言、文字表达其意思表示,仅用行为向对方发出要约,对方接受该要约,作出一定或指定的行为作为承诺的,合同成立。例如商店安装自动售货机,顾客将规定的货币投入机器内,

关键词： EXTRAVERSION   SOCIAL network theory (Communication)   PERSONALITY   SOCIAL support   SOCIAL networks  

摘要： This study on informal support networks bridges the traditionally disparate disciplines of personality theory and social network theory, and examines the impact of extroversion on the structure of support networks, as well as the relative contribution of network structure versus extroversion to a critical element of network effectiveness: trust. Two questionnaires measuring extroversion and social support network characteristics were administered to 113 university business students. Although no impact of extroversion was found on certain dimensions of network structure (e.g., size, diversity, behavioral aspects of strength of ties), introverts and extroverts differed in terms of affective aspects of strength of ties and embeddedness. Furthermore, although we failed to find a significant interaction effect of extroversion and embeddedness on trust, both extroversion and strength of ties predicted trust. In addition, extroverts' networks were characterized by higher levels of intimacy and trust, which may translate into benefits not available to introverts. Knowledge of this difference can help introverts improve their networking effectiveness by enabling them to compensate for personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： quiet standing   interjoint coordination   biomechanics   induced acceleration analysis   multisegment model  

摘要： Recent studies have demonstrated that human quiet standing is a multijoint movement, whereby the central nervous system (CNS) is required to deal with dynamic interactions among the joints to achieve optimal motor performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the CNS deals with such interjoint interaction during quiet standing by examining the relationship between the kinetics (torque) and kinematics (angular acceleration) within the multi-degree of freedom system. We modeled quiet standing as a double-link inverted pendulum involving both ankle and hip joints and conducted an "induced acceleration analysis."We found that the net ankle and hip torques induced angular accelerations of comparable magnitudes to the ankle (3.8 +/- 1.4 degrees/s(2) and 3.3 +/- 1.2 degrees/s(2)) and hip (9.1 +/- 3.2 degrees/s(2) and 10.5 +/- 3.5 degrees/s(2)) joints, respectively. Angular accelerations induced by the net ankle and hip torques were modulated in a temporally antiphase pattern to one another in each of the two joints. These quantitative and temporal relationships allowed the angular accelerations induced by the two net torques to countercompensate one another, thereby substantially (similar to 70%) reducing the resultant angular accelerations of the individual joints. These results suggest that, by taking advantage of the interjoint interaction, the CNS prevents the net torques from producing large amplitudes of the resultant angular accelerations when combined with the kinematic effects of all other torques in the chain.

关键词： Electrospray laser desorption ionizationmass spectrometry   ELDI   Protein integrity   Native conformation  

摘要： Electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) allows the rapid desorption and ionization of proteins from solutions under ambient conditions. In this study, we have demonstrated the use of ELDI/MS to efficiently examine the integrity of the proteins stored in various solutions before they were further used for other biochemical tests. The protein standards were prepared in the solutions containing buffers, organic salts, inorganic salts, strong acid, strong base, and organic solvents, respectively, to simulate those collected from solvent extraction, filtration, dialysis, or chromatographic separation. Other than the deposit of a drop of the sample solution on the metallic sample plate in an ELDI source, no additional sample pretreatment is needed. The sample drop was then irradiated with a pulsed laser;this led to desorption of the analyte molecules, which subsequently entered the ESI plume to undergo post-ionization. Because adjustment of the composition of the sample solution is unnecessary, this technique appears to be useful for rapidly evaluating the integrity of proteins after storage or prior to further biochemical treatment. In addition, when using acid-free and low-organic-solvent ESI solutions for ELDI/MS analysis, the native conformations of the proteins in solution could be detected.

关键词： Upper-Division Undergraduate   Physical Chemistry   Computer-Based Learning   Textbooks/Reference Books   Aqueous Solution Chemistry   Precipitation/Solubility   Thermodynamics  

摘要： The heterogeneous equilibrium of the solubility of calcium hydroxide in water is used to predict both its solubility product from solubility and solubility values from solubility product when inert salts, in any concentration, are present. Accepting the necessity of including activity coefficients to treat the saturated solution of calcium hydroxide (and by extension, all electrolyte solutions) and the inadequacy of any general or nonspecific equation (such as the Debye-Huckel limiting law or Davies equations) to calculate activity coefficients of 1:2 electrolytes, our results uncover (i) how the inclusion of ion pairs in the last mentioned equations makes them adequate for low ionic strength solutions and (ii) the need of sophisticated models, such as the ion-interaction Pitzer equations, for calculating the activity coefficients when ionic strength is high. In addition, we have developed a set of MATLAB scripts and propose the use of the free code PHREEQC version 3 to perform all the calculations described in the article. The tasks proposed here can be complemented with the experimental determination of the solubility of calcium hydroxide in water along with the experimental checking of its solubility in aqueous salt solutions during several lab sessions. Experimental guidance is provided as Supporting Information.