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摘要： Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have achieved numerous successes in identifying genetic risk factors for various complex diseases, whereas a large proportion of heritability remains unexplained. Gene-environment interactions (GxEs) and rare variants are believed to contribute to the missing heritability. However, genome-wide searches for GxE are not well-powered, possibly due to small effect sizes and sparsity of interactions in the genome. In addition, single-variant analysis are underpowered for rare variants. During the recent years, gene-based analysis has become a popular approach to improve the statistical power of association/interaction testing, especially in sequencing studies with rare variants. Motivated by the emergence of gene-based studies, this dissertation work aims at answering the following two questions: 1. How to improve the power of detecting GxE at the gene-level, when the interaction effects are sparse in the human genome? 2. What is the effect of population stratification on gene-based association studies with multiple rare and common variants? Chapter 2 and 3 provide a solution to the first question. In Chapter 2, I introduce a general framework for jointly testing a set of parameters under sparse alternative hypotheses with two unified steps – filtering and testing. I propose to conduct a filtering test to prioritize the parameters that are more likely to be non-null, and construct a set-based test statistic with only the parameters passing the filtering. In this way, the proportion of non-null parameters contributing to the set-based test statistic increases and power is improved. With derivation of the exact distribution of the overall set-based test statistic and approximation of its power function, the optimal filtering threshold can be chosen by maximizing the approximated power. The optimal filtering threshold depends on many factors and needs to be selected adaptively for different sets of parameters. The proposed method is wid

关键词： 竞业限制协议   侵权责任   违约责任   竞合  

摘要： 在劳动合同法倾斜保护劳动者的立法原则下，劳动合同法仍然以立法的形式确认了竞业限制条款的有效性，并对竞业限制相关的违约责任和侵权责任给予了明确的规范，但是当侵权责任和违约责任相竞合时，立法者没有明确其法律适用，理论上也存在争议。笔者根据实践经验和理论上的分析，首次提出“竞业限制中劳动者的相对去弱势化”这一概念，并从三个类别分别论述竞合的处理办法，立足保护用人单位的合法权益，希望较为全面的对这一问题给出答案。

关键词： 粮食   质量检验   安全保障   地位   作用  

摘要： 粮食安全保障体系中最重要的是粮食质量安全，那么国家就必须对粮食的质量进行监测检验。本文通过系统的分析粮食质量监测检验在粮食安全保障体系中的地位与作用，并根据实际情况，指出粮食质量安全所面临的问题，以引起社会各界以及我国各级政府对粮食质量安全的高度重视，希望最终能解决粮食质量安全存在问题，保障人民的健康，从而确保国家粮食安全。

关键词： 微生物检验   感染控制   研究  

摘要： 目的：研究微生物检验在感染控制中的作用。方法：选取我院2012年4月-2013年10月收治的240例尿路感染患者，对患者进行中段尿路培养共分离出115株细菌其中有44株为大肠埃希氏菌，将其随机均分为观察组和对照组。观察组进行微生物检验，对照组不采取任何措施。总结分析微生物检验在感染控制中的作用。结果：观察组中重度感染率为43.4%，对照组中重度感染率为52.5%，观察组患者感染严重程度显著低于对照组（P＜0.05），微生物检验可以有效检测病原菌和其传播途径，以及进行感染控制，还可以同时对易感人群进行实时检测、预防。结论：微生物检测是医疗机构感染控制的主要方式之一，其可以有效降低医院感染发生率，还可以提高患者的治愈率。临床上推广微生物检测，可以有效指导相关治疗，降低患者內源感染率，保证患者安全。

关键词： 勘查现场   足迹检验   侦查破案   综合应用  

摘要： 在现场勘查中,足迹是案件现场出现率最高的物证,但其运用被不断弱化,原因主要在于现场足迹提取合格率不高、样本足迹制作不规范、鉴定方法未被广大技术员所掌握、足迹档案管理方式老化等方面,很多技术人员往往忽视足迹在侦查破案中的作用,特别是在凶杀案的侦破中,对现场条件差、排查难度大的灰尘足迹更是不愿保护、显现和提取。而这种灰尘足迹很可能成为锁定犯罪嫌疑人,成功破案的关键所在。足迹检验鉴定如果能与压力分布系统、运动捕捉系统等科技有效结合,将使鉴定范围更宽广,结论更准确。

关键词： Sustainability   Contracting   Green logistics   Incentive alignment   Intermodal transportation   Modal shift   Risk sharing   Service providers  

摘要： Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate contracts of the intermodal transport market and the incentives they create for a modal shift and thus the financial and environmental efficiency of freight transport. Design/methodology/approach - The research used a mixed-methods approach where qualitative case interviews and quantitative modeling was combined. Two cases of contractual relationships between a service provider and its intermodal train operator on a specific lane were investigated. The case findings were then consolidated and used as input for a model of the contractual relation. Findings were sought through an extensive numerical study. Findings - The cases reported that intermodal rail operators had a strong production focus, transferring the capacity risk (i.e. the risk of unused capacity) to the service provider, which the service providers argued limited the shift from truck to intermodal transportation. The paper shows that, due to the market structure, it is rational for the operator to transfer the capacity risk but not the profit. Consequently, a modal shift is only likely to occur when there is strong shipper pressure or low capacity risk. We present a risk-sharing contract that could release this dead lock. Research limitations/implications - The conclusions are modeling outcomes subject to assumptions based on the cases. For further validation, large-scale quantitative studies are necessary. Practical implications - The paper shows that a three-part tariff in which the capacity risk is shared may lead to increased modal shift and hence assumed improved environmental performance. Social implications - Instead of arguing for operators to be more customer-focussed, policy makers and other stakeholders may have more to gain by having both actors being more cooperation focussed. Originality/value - The paper is the first attempt to quantify how the contractual relations on the freight transport market affect the modal mix and thus the fina

关键词： 肾上腺皮质疾病   诊断   生化检验  

摘要： 目的探讨生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中的作用。方法选取2010年10月—2011年11月我院收治的肾上腺皮质疾病患者120例,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,各60例。对照组采用常规检验诊断,治疗组采用生化检验诊断,观察两组患者检查结果。结果对照组诊断有效率为71.7%(43/60),低于治疗组的95.0%(57/60)(P<0.05)。结论采用生化检验诊断肾上腺皮质疾病,具有较高的诊断有效率,可为临床提供有效的依据,值得推广应用。

关键词： cannabis profiling   GC-MS   cannabinoids   classification  

摘要： A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was evaluated for cannabis profiling. Method validation was carried out using four cannabinoids extracted from cannabis case samples. In the presence of the sample matrix, the instrument was able to achieve repeatability and reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) values <= 10.99% and <= 9.09%, respectively. The MS detector also produced a linear response for each of the target cannabinoids with R-2 values ranging from 0.976 to 1.000. The method was found to be accurate as it displayed satisfactory recoveries (assessed based on the percentage difference between the measured amount and the expected or calculated amount of the analyte) between -11.35% and 0.96% for the difference. Subsequently, five different batches/groups of cannabis plants that were assumed to have come from different sources were tentatively used to assess the sample classification outcome. These samples were correctly clustered on a dendrogram with 12% errors. Through this preliminary study, it is deduced that cannabis samples could be profiled to estimate their source level relationships by using the proposed GC-MS method.

关键词： 再生障碍性贫血   骨髓形态学   骨髓活检  

摘要： 目的 探讨骨髓检验在诊断再生障碍性贫血的作用.方法 收集我院2010年4月～2013年11月诊断的60例再生障碍性贫血患者,所有患者均抽取骨髓做骨髓活检,同时进行骨髓涂片进行瑞氏染色,进行细胞计数及形态分析,同时进行中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色(NAP).结果 60例患者中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色降低1例,占1.7％,正常4例,占6.7％,明显增高55例,占91.6％.骨髓细胞学检查确诊为急性AA56例,占93.3％,确诊为慢性AA1例,占1.7％,不确定3例,占5.0％.骨髓活检诊断情况:确诊为急性AA44例,占73.3％,确诊为慢性AA12例,占20.0％,有4例患者诊断存在差异.由此可见,骨髓活检的诊断价值远远高于骨髓细胞学检查,而且能够清晰看到骨髓组织的内部结构,结果更为准确.结论 骨髓活检的诊断价值远远高于骨髓细胞学检查,而且能够清晰看到骨髓组织的内部结构,结果更为准确.

关键词： 在用设备   检测检验   存在问题   分析   技术支撑  

摘要： 本文介绍了煤矿在用安全设备检测检验的作用.通过对在用设备的检测检验,测出看不见的隐患,查出存在的安全隐患问题,为使用单位提供科学真实的在用设备使用状况,做到有隐患早治理,有问题早防备,把事故消灭在萌芽状态,从而保证煤矿在用设备的安全、经济运行,为煤矿安全生产提供技术支撑。