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关键词： CONTRACTS   AIRLINE industry   SUBCONTRACTING   FIXED price contracts   REVENUE sharing (Corporations)   REGIONAL airlines   AIRLINE industry -- Cost of operation   INTERPRETATION & construction   UNITED States  

摘要： This article investigates the relationship between transaction characteristics and contractual form as well as the role of technology adoption as a driver of variation in transaction characteristics. Our setting is the US airline industry, where many large airlines have outsourcing relationships with smaller regional carriers. In the late 1990s, fixed price contracts began to replace revenue sharing agreements as the dominant contractual form in these relationships. Moreover, this change coincided with the diffusion and adoption of a new aircraft technology, the regional jet. We present evidence that the new aircraft technology changed the set of flights that airlines subcontracted to their regional partners and did so in a way that favored the use of fixed price rather than revenue-sharing contracts. In particular, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the new flights being subcontracted had characteristics that would have led to significant haggling costs under route-level revenue sharing. (JEL L14, D86, L22)

关键词： 检验检疫   监管   风险管理  

摘要： 本文重点阐述了风险管理在进出口检验监管中的重要性,并指出风险管理在实际检验检疫工作中应按照风险识别、风险分析及风险评估来对产品进行检验监管,使得检验检疫工作解决工作量大、人员少的矛盾与进出口产品检验通关速度加快的问题,同时指出检验检疫工作的重点,也指出了检验检疫工作未来的方向。

关键词： 技能竞赛   分析检验   专业建设  

摘要： 组队参加全国工业分析与检验技能竞赛,对促进学校管理方式改革,改善工业分析与检验专业办学条件,优化该专业教学方式方法和内容,增强师资队伍建设等方面有良好的促进作用,并对学校管理层、教师队伍和学生等多方面产生多层次的深刻影响,是常规教育教学培训和学习等方式不可比拟的。

关键词： 计价货币   国际贸易   竞争力   人民币   经验   国际经济活动   货币职能   货币国际化  

摘要： 一国货币国际化的过程即为该货币的货币职能不断外化的过程，具体来讲，就是一国货币被他国私人部门和公共部门接受作为国际经济活动的计价手段、交易媒介和储藏手段等职能。

关键词： 生化检验   肾上腺皮质疾病   诊断   作用  

摘要： 目的探讨生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中的作用。方法选取我院2010年6月至2012年6月收治过的肾上腺皮质疾病患者70例,抽取其临床资料,进行回顾性分析。其中,40例患者采用生化检验法进行检测,将其例入观察组,另外30例行普通检验的患者则例入对照组,对两组患者的临床资料进行比较与分析。结果观察组40例患者中,37例检查结果为有效,2例检验结果为无效,检验有效率为92.5%;对照组30例患者中,21例检查结果为有效,9例检验效果为无效,检验有效率为70.0%。两组间的该项差异经统计学方法的分析,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论生化检验对肾上腺皮质病症的诊断更准确,在对肾上腺皮质病症的诊断检查中可作为例行检查进行。

关键词： 增值服务   评估值   专业管理  

摘要： 检验医学是医疗卫生中的一项医学专业。医疗卫生的未来发展趋势表明对诊断性检查提供的信息的依赖程度将越来越高,这意味着检验医学的重要作用将得到巩固。检验医学领导者的职责在于从当地医疗卫生环境中发展检验医学的中心地位,进而使患者能最大获益。临床实验室负责人的首要责任是通过国际标准实验室认可(例如ISO 15189)来确保各方面质量的持续改进。在此基础上,地区、国家及国际检验医学领导者需要为检验医学提供增值服务,来确保为患者个人或群体提供最适宜的传递、使用、开发和评估服务。对附加价值的简要诠释的缩写是"SCIENCE",包括7个方面:标准化和一致性(standardisation and harmonisation)、临床效益(clinical effectiveness)、创新(innovation)、循证实践(evidence-based practice)、新项目应用(novel applications)、成本效益(cost effectiveness)和教育培训(education of others)。另一简单方法可用于评估实验室医学的发展,即通过三方面的框架结构(运营效率、患者管理及患者行为)对任何发展进行评估。这2种方法均可使复杂问题转变为简单且可衡量的结果。专业人员和患者则可从良好实践中分享未来检验医学发展的益处。

关键词： 血液病   网织红细胞   血涂片   中性粒细胞   形态异常   红细胞生成素   原发性血小板增多症   非造血系统疾病   淋巴瘤   地中海贫血  

摘要： 众所周知,血细胞计数异常或形态异常不一定是原发性血液病,有些是因为非造血系统疾病或介入治疗所致。譬如,很多疾病会引起贫血,而原发性血液病应考虑患者有脾肿大、淋巴结肿大、出血倾向或血栓、白血病/淋巴瘤的非特异性症状(如不舒服、出汗或体重减轻等)。任何临床诊断,首先需考虑全面的体格检查。

关键词： 地市级药品检验所   药品不良反应监测   构想  

摘要： 通过分析目前药品不良反应监测工作的现状,提出了加强地市级药品检验所在药品不良反应监测工作的几点构想,为各级药品检验所更好的发挥保障人民用药安全作用提供一些建议。

关键词： Ultra high-performance liquid   chromatography-mass spectrometry   Data mining   Metabolic fingerprinting   Metabolomics   Multivariate data analysis  

摘要： Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) technologies has been widely applied in metabolomics, and the high resolution and peak capacity thereof are only some of the key aspects that are exploited in such and related fields. In the current study, we investigated if low resolution chromatography, with the aid of multivariate data analyses, could be sufficient for a metabolic fingerprinting study that aims at discriminating between samples of different biological status or origin. UHPLC-MS data from chemically-treated Arabidopsis thaliana plants were used and chromatograms with different gradient lengths were compared. MarkerLynx (TM) technology was employed for data mining, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) as multivariate statistical interpretations. The results showed that, despite the congestion in low resolution chromatograms (of 5 and 10 min), samples could be classified based on their respective biological background in a similar manner as when using chromatograms with better resolution (of 20 and 40 min). This paper thus underlines that, in a metabolic fingerprinting study, low resolution chromatography together with multivariate data analyses suffice for biological classification of samples. The results also suggest that, depending on the initial objective of the undertaken study, optimisation in chromatographic resolution prior to full scale metabolomics studies is mandatory.

关键词： post-translational modification   phosphorylation   proteinprotein interaction   histone   chemical proteomics  

摘要： Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins can control complex and dynamic cellular processes via regulating interactions between key proteins. To understand these regulatory mechanisms, it is critical that we can profile the PTM-dependent proteinprotein interactions. However, identifying these interactions can be very difficult using available approaches, as PTMs can be dynamic and often mediate relatively weak proteinprotein interactions. We have recently developed CLASPI (cross-linking-assisted and stable isotope labeling in cell culture-based protein identification), a chemical proteomics approach to examine proteinprotein interactions mediated by methylation in human cell lysates. Here, we report three extensions of the CLASPI approach. First, we show that CLASPI can be used to analyze methylation-dependent proteinprotein interactions in lysates of fission yeast, a genetically tractable model organism. For these studies, we examined trimethylated histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9Me3)-dependent proteinprotein interactions. Second, we demonstrate that CLASPI can be used to examine phosphorylation-dependent proteinprotein interactions. In particular, we profile proteins recognizing phosphorylated histone H3 threonine-3 (H3T3-Phos), a mitotic histone mark appearing exclusively during cell division. Our approach identified survivin, the only known H3T3-Phos-binding protein, as well as other proteins, such as MCAK and KIF2A, that are likely to be involved in weak but selective interactions with this histone phosphorylation mark. Finally, we demonstrate that the CLASPI approach can be used to study the interplay between histone H3T3-Phos and trimethylation on the adjacent residue lysine 4 (H3K4Me3). Together, our findings indicate the CLASPI approach can be broadly applied to profile proteinprotein interactions mediated by PTMs.