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关键词： breast carcinoma grade   microarray boosting   reproducibility  

摘要： Aims: Nottingham breast cancer grade (NG) is a subjective morphological assessment based on evaluation of the entire tumour. The value of many novel immunohistochemical and molecular markers is being assessed on tiny microarray samples of tumour and compared with NG. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumour morphology in microarray samples would correlate with NG. Methods and results: We examined over 40 morphological features in each of 568 breast tumour samples on a microarray obtained from the US National Cancer Institute. Evaluations were subjective, and features were recorded as being present or absent in each tumour. Subsequently, on the basis of binary results, a boosting classification algorithm was implemented to help assign a microarray score and microarray grade to each tumour. Microarray grade was significantly correlated with NG (P < 0.01). High-grade versus low-grade discrepancies were rare (five of 568 samples). Conclusions: The strong correlation of microarray grade with NG supports pathologist reproducibility in subjective evaluations.

关键词： Cyanobacteria   Anabaena   Gulf of Gdansk   Baltic Sea   polyphasic approach  

摘要： The aim of this paper was a taxonomic verification of cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena that occur in the Gulf of Gdansk. Classical taxonomic methods were combined with modern molecular taxonomic methods (polyphasic approach). Analysis of the species diversity of cyanobacteria from the genus Anabaena was based on the microscopic analysis and on the analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS region. Comparison of the obtained results with sequences in GenBank showed 97.8-100% similarity for 16S rRNA and 98.8-100% similarity in the case of the ITS fragment. Similarity of the 16S rRNA and ITS sequence of 98.5% seems to be sufficient to determine the species.

关键词： 工程建设   总承包模式   平行承包模式   工程造价  

摘要： 建设项目的合同结构形式对工程造价会产生影响，制定合同时，除了要全面考虑众多因素，最重要的还是选择合同的形式，合同结构形式的选择是和工程项目的组织管理模式有关。我国的常用工程项目组织管理模式主要有“总包模式和“平行承包模式”两种，还有将“总包模式”与“平行承包模式”相结合的一种方式。

关键词： DNA-protein interactions   RESEARCH   FLUORESCENCE   NUCLEOSIDES   QUANTUM theory   NUCLEOTIDE sequence   SENSITIVITY analysis  

摘要： Incorporation of fluorescent nucleoside analogues, into duplex DNA usually leads to a reduction in quantum yield, which Significantly limits their potential use and application. We have identified two pentamer DNA sequences containing 6-methylisoxanthopterin (6-MI) (ATFAA and AAFTA, where F is 6-MI) that exhibit significant enhancement of fluorescence upon formation of duplex DNA with quantum yields close to that of monomeric 6-MI. The enhanced fluorescence dramatically increases the utility and sensitivity of the probe and is used to study protein DNA interactions of nanomolar specificity in this work. The increased sensitivity Of 6-MI allows anisotropy binding measurements to be performed at DNA concentrations of 1 nM, and fluorescence intensity. measurements at 50 pM DNA. The ATFAA sequence was incorporated into DNA constructs to measure the binding affinity of four different protein DNA interactions that exhibit sequence specific and non-sequence-specific recognition. In all cases, the K-d values obtained were consistent with previously reported values measured by other methods. Time resolved and steady state fluorescence measurements demonstrate that 6-MI fluorescence is very sensitive to local distortion and reports on different degrees of protein-induced perturbations with single base resolution, where the largest changes occur at the site of protein binding.

关键词： Pollen morphology   Alnus (alder)   Quaternary   Sampling strategy   Classification and regression trees   Random forest  

摘要： Many studies proposing methods for differentiating fossil pollen of different species derive diagnostic identification criteria from small sample sizes and/or modern pollen collected from limited areas within species ranges. Here, we evaluate the importance of sample size and population representation in pollen identification methods, in an examination of morphological measurements on over 21,000 pollen from three alder species (Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata, Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia and Alnus rubra) in western North America. We assess the sensitivity of morphometric analyses and multi-trait classification models of Alnus pollen to changes in sample size and spatial sampling breadth, by randomly reducing our large dataset in size and by splitting the dataset into regional subsets. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that using small sample sizes to identify diagnostic morphological traits for pollen identification can result in misleading conclusions about interspecific morphological differences in pollen types and ultimately in misidentification of pollen. Pollen identification methods based on reference samples collected from limited regions are prone to bias, due to regional differences in modern pollen morphology. Our study reveals the importance of using large sample sizes from across species ranges when attempting to determine the diagnostic morphological features for fossil pollen identification. We recommend basing identification criteria on pollen from as many individual plants per species as possible, as opposed to numerous pollen grains from only a small number of individuals, because at least in Alnus, individual plants produce morphologically similar pollen. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： microRNA   FFPE   degradation   microarray   snoRNA   profiling  

摘要： BACKGROUND: As degradation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples limits the ability to profile mRNA expression, we explored factors predicting the success of mRNA expression profiling of FFPE material and investigated an approach to overcome the limitation. METHODS: Bladder (n = 140, stored 3-8 years) and cervix (n = 160, stored 8-23 years) carcinoma FFPE samples were hybridised to Affymetrix Exon 1.0ST arrays. Percentage detection above background (%DABG) measured technical success. Biological signal was assessed by distinguishing cervix squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) using a gene signature. As miR-205 had been identified as a marker of SCC, precursor mir-205 was measured by Exon array and mature miR-205 by qRT-PCR. Genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression (Affymetrix miRNA v2.0 arrays) was compared in eight newer FFPE samples with biological signal and eight older samples without. RESULTS: RNA quality controls (QCs) (e. g., RNA integrity (RIN) number) failed to predict profiling success, but sample age correlated with %DABG in bladder (R = -0.30, P<0.01) and cervix (R = -0.69, P<0.01). Biological signal was lost in older samples and neither a signature nor precursor mir-205 separated samples by histology. miR-205 qRT-PCR discriminated SCC from AC, validated by miRNA profiling (26-fold higher in SCC;P = 1.10 x 10(-5)). Genome-wide miRNA (R = 0.95) and small nucleolar RNA (R = 0.97) expression correlated well in the eight newer vs older FFPE samples and better than mRNA expression (R = 0.72). CONCLUSION: Sample age is the best predictor of successful mRNA profiling of FFPE material, and miRNA profiling overcomes the limitation of age and copes well with older samples. British Journal of Cancer (2012) 107, 684-694. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.294 *** Published online 17 July 2012 (C) 2012 Cancer Research UK

关键词： 利率期限结构   远期利率   预期假说   期限溢价  

摘要： 根据预期假说,本文对我国利率期限结构的远期利率预测作用进行了经验分析。结果表明,我国利率期限结构存在明显的时变溢价特征,这可以解释利率期限结构中的"预期之谜"。经期限溢价修正后,利率期限结构所隐含的远期利率包含了大量未来即期利率变化的信息,而且无法拒绝预期理论。这对中央银行观察金融市场对经济的预期和未来利率走势,判断实际货币政策态势,具有重要的参考价值,并为我国推进利率市场化、实现通过利率价格工具调整开展间接调控的货币政策模式转型,提供了可靠的理论依据。

关键词： 检验检疫   执行力   准军事化管理   北京检验检疫局   机关文化建设  

摘要： 为进一步加强干部队伍建设,树立检验检疫良好形象,全面提升科学化管理水平,实现国家质检总局领导提出的"建铁军、树标杆"、"争创四个一流"的要求和北京检验检疫局"打造精品、以质取胜"战略目标,我们立足服务首都检验检疫事业大局,结合工作实际,历经三年时间,先后在三个窗口单位试点的基础上,在全局全面推行准军事化管理,把部队的一整套科学严谨的标准规范有机移植到全局管理工作中。从岗位、形象、制度、服务、管理入手,推进了干部队伍的正规化、科学化、精细化建设,增强了全局干部职工的凝聚力、战斗力和执行力,初步形成了"严格、统一,规范、高效,团结、奉献"的工作作风和良好氛围。

关键词： 合同诈骗罪   口头合同   合同诈骗案件   市场经济   经济领域   国家法律   犯罪分子   司法认定  

摘要： 随着市场经济的发展，经济领域内的活动日益频繁，一些犯罪分子无视国家法律，利用合同进行诈骗，使得合同诈骗案件逐年增多。行为人是否利用“合同”这种形式，是区分合同诈骗罪和其他诈骗罪的关键所在。因此，如何理解合同诈骗罪之合同的含义，对于合同诈骗罪的司法认定有着重要意义，而对于合同诈骗罪的合同形式一直存在着争议，刑事理论界和实践界对书面合同能成为合同诈骗中的“合同”均不持异议，但对口头合同能否成为合同诈骗罪之“合同”却存在肯定说和否定说截然对立的观念。

关键词： 车辆   归场   检验   作用  

摘要： 成品油罐车的技术状况决定着司押人员的生命安全和运输企业的成本控制。做好车辆的归场检验工作为车辆的维修保养提供依据，起到预防机械故障、减少雏修成本费用，确保安全生产的目的。