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关键词： 多元回归分析   交互作用   简单斜率   语言阈限假设  

摘要： 前期研究将二语水平(和母语阅读能力)由连续型变量转化为有序的类别变量,依据类别变量的水平采用皮尔逊相关分析、不含交互作用项的多元回归分析和方差分析的方法检验语言阈限假设。本文认为,语言阈限假设检验的核心是作为连续型变量的二语水平和母语阅读能力在预测二语阅读能力时是否存在交互作用,最恰当的统计分析方法是含交互作用项的多元回归分析。通过交互作用诊断、回归模型比较和简单斜率分析验证了语言阈限假设,为后期研究提供了统计分析上的启示。

关键词： 欧盟委员会   包装法规   修订   分类   标签   技术性贸易壁垒   全球协调系统   WTO  

摘要： 据悉,欧盟委员会已将欧盟分类、标签和包装法规（CLP）第4次技术程序修订（ATP）草案文本提交给WTO技术性贸易壁垒委员会,届时将在WTO网站上进行公布。第4次技术程序修订（ATP）使CLP法规与去年发布的联合国全球协调系统（GHS）第四修订版本相符,

关键词： 检验医师  

摘要： 检验医师要运用电话、查房、会诊、病例讨论等联系方式和临床科室联系，加强和临床科室的沟通和交流，充分发挥检验医师在医疗上的作用。

关键词： Logistic regression   Misclassification   Bias   Sample size   Covariate  

摘要： Covariate misclassification is a common problem in epidemiology, genetics, and other biomedical areas. Because this form of misclassification is known to bias estimators, accounting for it at the design stage is of high importance. In this paper, we extend on previous work applied to response misclassification by developing a Bayesian approach to sample size determination for a covariate misclassification model with no gold standard. Our procedure considers both conditionally independent tests and tests in which dependence exists between classifiers. We specifically consider a Bayesian power criterion for the sample size determination scheme, and we demonstrate the improvement in model power for our dual classifier approach compared to a naive single classifier approach. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Breast cancer   Prostate cancer   Microarrays   Machine learning   Data mining   Lymphoma   Forecasting   Machine learning algorithms  

摘要： Microarray data analysis has been shown to provide an effective tool for studying cancer and genetic diseases. Although classical machine learning techniques have successfully been applied to find informative genes and to predict class labels for new samples, common restrictions of microarray analysis such as small sample sizes, a large attribute space and high noise levels still limit its scientific and clinical applications. Increasing the interpretability of prediction models while retaining a high accuracy would help to exploit the information content in microarray data more effectively. For this purpose, we evaluate our rule-based evolutionary machine learning systems, BioHEL and GAssist, on three public microarray cancer datasets, obtaining simple rule-based models for sample classification. A comparison with other benchmark microarray sample classifiers based on three diverse feature selection algorithms suggests that these evolutionary learning techniques can compete with state-of-the-art methods like support vector machines. The obtained models reach accuracies above 90% in two-level external cross-validation, with the added value of facilitating interpretation by using only combinations of simple if-then-else rules. As a further benefit, a literature mining analysis reveals that prioritizations of informative genes extracted from BioHEL's classification rule sets can outperform gene rankings obtained from a conventional ensemble feature selection in terms of the pointwise mutual information between relevant disease terms and the standardized names of top-ranked genes.

摘要： Legal systems have different traditions about how to ""prove"" a contract for the sale of personal property. Most legal systems today permit the contract to be proved by any means but some States require that the agreement be concluded in or evidenced by writing. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods adopts a freedom-of-form rule but authorizes a State to declare that the rule does not apply when the seller or buyer has its place of business in that State. This essay studies the consequences of such a declaration. The Convention text does not expressly state the consequences. The Convention"s travaux préparatoires suggest that this silence was deliberate. Doctrine and court opinions are divided on whether the writing formalities of the declaring State always apply or the formalities, if any, of the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law govern. In the absence of a consensus, this essay argues that the writing formalities of the declaring State apply. The argument is based on the policies implicit in the decision of non-declaring Contracting States to adhere to a Convention that allows certain Contracting States to opt out of the freedom-of- form rule. The result is consistent with recent private international law treaties that, while providing liberal rules that favor freedom of form, direct application of the fundamental policies not only of the forum but also of other jurisdictions.

关键词： Structural magnetic resonance imaging   Schizophrenia   Voxel-based morphometry   Support vector machine   Pattern recognition   Classification  

摘要： The purpose of this study is to create a model that can classify schizophrenia patients and healthy controls based on whole brain gray matter densities (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In addition, we investigated the stability of the accuracy of the models, when built with different sample sizes. Using a support vector machine, we built a model from 239 subjects (128 patients and 111 healthy controls) and classified 71.4% correct (leave-one-out). We replicated and validated this result by testing the unaltered model on a completely independent sample of 277 subjects (155 patients and 122 healthy controls), scanned with a different scanner. The classification rate of the validation sample was 70.4%. The model's discriminative pattern showed, amongst other differences, gray matter density decreases in frontal and superior temporal lobes and hippocampus in schizophrenia patients with respect to healthy controls and increases in gray matter density in basal ganglia and left occipital lobe and. Larger training samples gave more reliable models: Models based on sample sizes smaller than N = 130 should be considered unstable and can even score below chance. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 检验检测机构   经验交流会   平台建设   共建共享   创新服务   科技厅   浙江省   创新型  

摘要： 7月18日，全省科技创新服务平台建设经验交流会暨检验检测机构共建共享推进会在杭州召开。省科技厅厅长蒋泰维、省质监局局长瞿索芬、科技部平台中心运行监督处处长袁伟等领导出席会议并讲话。省科技厅副厅长丁康生主持会议，各市科技局、质监局，有关公共检验检测机构，厅有关直属单位，高校科技管理部门等单位负责人参加会议。

关键词： 构成要素   信息要素   使命   编排规律  

摘要： 包装设计中的信息要素是包装设计的重要组成部分。它在商品促销过程中起着传达商品信息的作用,是商品属性直接的体现。本文以包装设计的构成要素为切入点,从包装设计信息要素的构成展开,阐述包装设计中信息要素的作用及其编排规律。

关键词： 小讲课   医学检验   临床带教  

摘要： 小讲课是医学检验学生在实习阶段理论和实践相结合的重要教学环节。武警上海市总队医院检验科通过对学生临床检验知识、质控、科研和模拟考核等方面的培训,实施由学生和带教教师分别主讲的小讲课,实践证明小讲课可以激发学生的兴趣,开拓学生的思路,提高学生制作幻灯、学术演讲等综合素质以及带教教师的授课水平。