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关键词： 木材检验工作   合理造材   经济价值   作用  

摘要： 随着天然林保护工程的实施,木材产量逐年调减,森工企业为了达到强化管理、挖潜增效的目的,在木材生产领域势必要强化对木材检验与合理造材的管理,这为木材标准化与检验事业的发展提供了良好的机遇,同时也充分 体现了木材检验在这一时期发挥的至关重要的作用.

关键词： 合同形式强制   合理性   争议   突破路径  

摘要： 形式自由原则弊端渐现，形式强制的制度价值被重新予以评价。合同形式强制是针对合同订立方式所作的制度设计，体现了国家对当事人意思自治的干预，这一制度具有深刻的理论基础及现实意义。我国现行立法中，对于合同形式强制也作了相关规定，然而，由于缺乏统一标准，规定过于模糊，导致了法律适用上的困难与混乱。鉴于此，本文以合同形式强制的立法目的为主线，对该制度进行历史的梳理及现实的思考。通过探究合同形式强制的合理性基础及分析现存理论争议，实现对该制度的合理界定。 全文分为四部分，主要内容如下： 第一部分，合同形式强制的历史沿革及思考。通过对合同形式强制的历史梳理，描绘了其本质及地位的变革轨迹，继而对这一变革轨迹予以思考，得出以下结论：当代背景下，合同形式强制有其存在的空间，但必须建立在正确处理其与契约自由原则关系的基础之上。并且，该制度在具体设计时，应当始终坚持“维护当事人利益”、“维护社会公共利益”的立法目的。 第二部分，合同形式强制的合理性说明。该部分从宏观层面对合同形式强制的合理性予以论证，具体表现为：对合同形式强制与契约自由原则关系的说明；对合同形式强制功能的阐述。通过该部分的论述，为合同形式强制的合理性提供了支撑，并为具体制度的设计提供了方向。 第三部分，合同形式强制核心问题的界定。该部分以大陆法系及英美法系相关立法例为借鉴，在对理论争议予以评析的基础上，实现对合同形式强制规则的微观构建。主要围绕以下两个核心问题：合同形式强制适用范围的界定、“要式”欠缺法律效果的评价。笔者认为，在对以上问题予以界定时，应当始终把握合同形式强制背后的立法目的这一主线，充分考虑不同“要式”形态的本质特征及具体功能，结合“必要性原则”，恰当地平衡形式强制与契约自由之间的关系。 第四部分，合同形式强制突破路径的设计。严格适用形式强制规则可能导致个案不公的结果，因此，需要在该规则之外对其设立突破路径。履行治愈规则及诚实信用原则成为大多数国家的选择。这一部分介绍了不同国家关于履行治愈规则的立法例及诚实信用原则的司法适用现状，在此基础上，对我国合同形式强制突破路径的相关规定予以评析，从而提出重构我国合同形式强制突破路径的建议。

关键词： 合同形式   效力层次  

摘要： 合同是日常社会生活和经济生活中最常见的固定当事人之间民事与经济交往的法律文件。因此,明确认识合同形式及其相互之间的法律效力层次对于民事交往及经济生活至关重要。

关键词： 电信诈骗   文件检验   发挥的作用  

摘要： 近年来,电信诈骗犯罪十分突出,引起了社会各界的普遍关注。文件检验作为刑事科学技术的重要组成部分,应充分发挥其优势,为侦破电信诈骗案件提供强有力的技术支持。本文结合云南省已破电信诈骗案件的部分情况,具体谈谈文件检验在该类案件中发挥的作用。

关键词： 木材检测   经济效益   分析  

摘要： 在市场经济条件下,企业要想获得生存及发展就必须把好产品的质量关。森工企业也不例外,要想实现企业的经济效益就必须做好木材的检验工作。木材检验工作在森工企业中占有非常重要的作用,提升木材检测的水平能够实现产品合格率的有效提升,森工企业只有重视和加强木材的检验工作,才能实现对现有森林资源的合理利用,最终实现企业经济效益的最大化。对此本文对木材检验工作的作用进行了阐述,并就木材检测工作对经济效益的影响做了分析。

关键词： 合同   高校   基建合同管理  

摘要： 合同就是保证施工方与建设方共有利益的相关书面证明。当前,我国高等教育事业正在大力发展,高校的基建工作也在大幅度的增加,高校的资金压力也就随之增加。同时在管理上,基建合同存在很多问题越来越明显。本文主要就新形式下高校基建工作的各类特点及合同管理中出现的问题提出应对策略和建议,并结合案例对高校基建合同管理加以说明,同时还系统阐述高校需要在工程建设过程中重视合同管理,建立健全合同管理制度,认真做好合同的签订、审查。

关键词： 经济合同   订立   担保形式  

摘要： 随着市场经济的发展,经济合同越来越显得更加重要,本文就经济合同的分类,如何订立,以及在签订合同中可采用的担保形式。

关键词： Poultry   vaccines   administration   breach   failure   tropics  

摘要： Poultry diseases remain the greatest threat to poultry industry and a source of great economic losses to the producer. Vaccination which is considered as insurance is one of the most important tool in reducing this great loss, but often times there are cases of vaccine failure which the vaccine is usually blamed. In some cases the way and manner in which the vaccine and vaccination is handled leave much to be desired, especially in the tropics where there are no infrastructure for cold chain maintenance and the weather is normally high through most part of the year. In this study we tried to look at common breaches involved in vaccine and vaccination handling in Makurdi metropolis a tropical environment through a structured questionnaire to 132 respondents. There were common breaches in the manufacturers recommended ways of transportation, preservation, reconstitution and time of administration of vaccines. It was observed that these common breaches in handling and administration of vaccines are likely responsible for the high vaccine failure in this part of Nigeria and the tropics generally.

关键词： Cancer classification   microarray   clustering   representative entropy   maximal information compression index   gene selection  

摘要： With the advent of microarray technology, it is possible to measure gene expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. This helps us diagnose and classify some particular cancers directly using DNA microarray. High-dimensionality and small sample size of microarray datasets has made the task of classification difficult. These datasets contain a large number of redundant and irrelevant genes. For efficient classification of samples there is a need of selecting a smaller set of relevant and non-redundant genes. In this paper, we have proposed a two stage algorithm for finding a set of discriminatory genes responsible for classification of high dimensional microarray datasets. In the first stage redundancy is reduced by grouping correlated genes into clusters and selecting a representative gene from each cluster. Maximal information compression index is used to measure similarity between genes. In the second stage a wrapper based forward feature selection method is used to obtain a set of discriminatory genes for a given classifier. We have investigated three different techniques for clustering and four classifiers in our experiments. The proposed algorithm is tested on six well known publicly available datasets. Comparison with the other state-of-the-art methods show that our proposed algorithm is able to achieve better classification accuracy with less number of genes.

关键词： inclusion   interaction analysis   peer acceptance   computer-supported collaborative learning  

摘要： This paper discusses the results of peer acceptance in a study investigating the interactions of pairs of disabled and non-disabled pupils working together on computer-based tasks in mainstream primary schools in Cyprus. Twenty dyads of pupils were observed and videotaped while working together at the computer. Data analyses were based on the collaborative nature of events for the non-verbal interaction and the functional-structural approaches for the verbal interaction. Findings gave an important insight into the interactions among disabled and non-disabled pupils working together at the computer, indicating that peer (non) acceptance came through: (1) response to the peer, articulated through verbal moves that included reply, feedback, evaluation, agree and justify, in both collaborative and non-collaborative events;(2) peer involvement, reflected in requesting involvement of the peer, mainly in collaborative and socio-emotional positive events;(3) individualistic behaviour, present through ignoring the peer in situations of on-and off-task non-collaboration;and (4) peer rejection, containing reaction and protest towards the peer in non-collaborative on-and off-task events as well as socio-emotional negative situations.