学科服务 更多>>

关键词： 检验师   临床   实验室  

摘要： 通过对检验师的工作内容进行了解分析,探讨检验师在临床与实验室之间的重要作用,深刻认识检验师的工作重要性,从而充分认识到高质量的检验结果决定着临床诊疗的正确诊断和治疗,检验医师的工作就是临床与实验室之间实际意义的具体体现,也是两者之间的桥梁;检验师的工作适应医疗水平的发展而变得全面而重要,并起着辅助和衔接的作用。

关键词： 装备制造业   带动作用   溢出效应   两部门模型  

摘要： 本文将工业分为装备制造和非装备制造两类部门,应用两部门模型研究装备制造业发展对工业经济的带动作用以及对非装备制造部门的溢出效应,并运用2000-2007年我国31个省区的面板数据进行了实证检验,结果表明:(1)装备制造业对非装备制造部门存在显著的溢出效应,外溢弹性为7.996%;(2)装备制造业对整个工业经济的带动作用十分明显,贡献率达到9.15%;(3)装备制造业的平均要素边际产出比非装备制造部门高出10.07%。

关键词： 情势变更原则   合同违约   楼市   市场背景   买卖双方   调控政策   履行合同   解除合同  

摘要： 楼市调控政策使房屋买卖双方交易的市场背景发生了变化。对于部分购买房屋的当事人，新政的出台使其履行合同产生了一定的阻碍，买方往往希望解除合同，减轻压力，而卖方为了维护既得利益，不同意解除。本文试从情势变更原则司法适用的角度对此略作分析。

关键词： 质量监督检验   工作   名牌战略   地位   作用  

摘要： 加入世界贸易组织后,我国经济开始在全新的平台上与世界各国竞争。名牌产品代表着一个国家的经济水平,乃至代表着整个国家的先进生产力。而质量监督检验工作是国家实施名牌战略的关键环节,其地位和作用极其重要。

关键词： Classification   epistemology   error estimation   genomics   validation  

摘要： Classification has emerged as a major area of investigation in bioinformatics owing to the desire to discriminate phenotypes, in particular, disease conditions, using high-throughput genomic data. While many classification rules have been posed, there is a paucity of error estimation rules and an even greater paucity of theory concerning error estimation accuracy. This is problematic because the worth of a classifier depends mainly on its error rate. It is common place in bioinformatics papers to have a classification rule applied to a small labeled data set and the error of the resulting classifier be estimated on the same data set, most often via cross-validation, without any assumptions being made on the underlying feature-label distribution. Concomitant with a lack of distributional assumptions is the absence of any statement regarding the accuracy of the error estimate. Without such a measure of accuracy, the most common one being the root-mean-square (RMS), the error estimate is essentially meaningless and the worth of the entire paper is questionable. The concomitance of an absence of distributional assumptions and of a measure of error estimation accuracy is assured in small-sample settings because even when distribution-free bounds exist (and that is rare), the sample sizes required under the bounds are so large as to make them useless for small samples. Thus, distributional bounds are necessary and the distributional assumptions need to be stated. Owing to the epistemological dependence of classifiers on the accuracy of their estimated errors, scientifically meaningful distribution-free classification in high-throughput, small-sample biology is an illusion.

关键词： Environment   Genes/physiology   Healthcare Disparities   Humans   Neoplasms/physiopathology   World Health  

摘要： Cancer incidence and mortality rates show great variations across nations and between population groups. These variations are largely explained by differences in age distribution, diet and lifestyle, access to health care, cultural barriers and exposure to carcinogens and pathogens. Cancers caused by infections are significantly more common in developing than developed countries, and they overproportionally affect immigrant populations in the USA and other countries. The global pattern of cancer is not stagnant. Instead, it is dynamic because of fluctuations in the age distribution of populations, improvements in cancer prevention and early detection in affluent countries and rapid changes in diet and lifestyle in parts of the world. For example, increased smoking rates have caused tobacco-induced cancers to rise in various Asian countries, whereas reduced smoking rates have caused these cancers to plateau or even begin to decline in Western Europe and North America. Some population groups experience a disproportionally high cancer burden. In the USA and the Caribbean, cancer incidence and mortality rates are excessively high in populations of African ancestry when compared with other population groups. The causes of this disparity are multifaceted and may include tumor biological and genetic factors and their interaction with the environment. In this review, we will discuss the magnitude and causes of global cancer health disparities and will, with a focus on African-Americans and selected cancer sites, evaluate the evidence that genetic and tumor biological factors contribute to existing cancer incidence and outcome differences among population groups in the USA.

关键词： Unsupervised Classification   Adjusted Rand Index   Query Data   MLST Database   MLST Data  

摘要： Background: Worldwide effort on sampling and characterization of molecular variation within a large number of human and animal pathogens has lead to the emergence of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) databases as an important tool for studying the epidemiology and evolution of pathogens. Many of these databases are currently harboring several thousands of multi-locus DNA sequence types (STs) enriched with metadata over traits such as serotype, antibiotic resistance, host organism etc of the isolates. Curators of the databases have thus the possibility of dividing the pathogen populations into subsets representing different evolutionary lineages, geographically associated groups, or other subpopulations, which are defined in terms of molecular similarities and dissimilarities residing within a database. When combined with the existing metadata, such subsets may provide invaluable information for assessing the position of a new set of isolates in relation to the whole pathogen population. Results: To enable users of MLST schemes to query the databases with sets of new bacterial isolates and to automatically analyze their relation to existing curated sequences, we introduce here a Bayesian model-based method for semi-supervised classification of MLST data. Our method can use an MLST database as a training set and assign simultaneously any set of query sequences into the earlier discovered lineages/populations, while also allowing some or all of these sequences to form previously undiscovered genetically distinct groups. This tool provides probabilistic quantification of the classification uncertainty and is highly efficient computationally, thus enabling rapid analyses of large databases and sets of query sequences. The latter feature is a necessary prerequisite for an automated access through the MLST web interface. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by anayzing both real and synthesized data from MLST databases. The introduced method for semi-supervised

关键词： 书面形式   电子合同   电子通信  

摘要： 传统的书面文件的法律规定是发展现代通信手段的主要障碍,对电子合同的成立和效力问题会产生重要的影响。从各国关于书面形式要求对电子合同效力的影响来看,如果一项合同不符合书面形式的要求,其法律后果为合同不能成立或不具有法律效力。我国关于电子合同的书面形式要求的立法还存在某些不足,需要进行完善。

关键词： 护理人员   检验标本   质量控制  

摘要： 目前,护理人员在临床检验采集标本中存在的采血时间与条件、血样不足、操作不规范等方面的问题,影响了检测工作的准确性和可靠性。本文对此提出了加强与改进护理人员素质的相关措施,以提高医疗工作质量。

关键词： 垃圾分类   教育活动   再生利用   包装物   联盟   行业   凝聚   生活  

摘要： [本刊讯]由中国包装联合会、利乐公司和多家乳品饮料企业联合发起的包装物再生利用联盟今天在北京正式成立。来自全国人大、环境保护部、国家发改委、环保宣教中心和中国包装联合会的领导，以及联盟发起成员企业的代表出席了成立仪式。作为联盟成立后的首发行动，“2011垃圾分类”公益教育活动同时宣告启动。活动将以生动的形式向公众倡导垃圾分类，普及垃圾分类知识。