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关键词： Asthma   Immunology   Inflammatory bowel disease   Type 1 diabetes   Virology   Virus–host interactions   Life Sciences   general   Microbiology   Medical Microbiology   Parasitology   Infectious Diseases  

摘要： New technologies have widened our view of 'complex diseases': those with both genetic and environmental risk factors. In this Review, we explore recent genetic and virological evidence implicating host-virus interactions in three diseases: type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. The viruses implicated in these diseases cause mucosal infections that affect most of the population but are asymptomatic or mild in many hosts. These findings place a new emphasis on common viral infections as important environmental factors in the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and they compel the field to pursue a better understanding of host interactions with the human virome.

关键词： MS e-nose – Beer – Volatile compounds – Classification – Characterization – LDA  

摘要： An electronic nose based on coupling of headspace (HS) with a mass spectrometer (MS) has been used in this study to classify and characterize a series of beers according to their production site and chemical composition. With this objective, we analyzed 67 beers of the same brand and preparation process but produced in different factories. The samples were also subjected to sensory evaluation by a panel of experts. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used as the classification technique and stepwise LDA based on Wilk’s lambda criterion was used to select the most discriminating variables. To interpret the aroma characteristics of the beers from the m/z ions obtained, score and loading bi-plots were obtained by applying canonical variables. Because the beers analyzed were marketed with the same name and brand, we expected to be working with the same product irrespective of its origin. However, results from both sensory evaluation and use of the e-nose revealed differences between factories. With the e-nose it was possible to relate these differences to the presence (and abundance) of characteristic ions of different compounds typically found in beer. These results demonstrate that the HS–MS e-nose is not only an aroma sensor capable to classify and/or differentiate samples but it can also provide information about the compounds responsible for this differentiation.

关键词： Phyllanthus   Chromatographic fingerprint   Chemometric analysis   Classification models  

摘要： Taking in consideration the global analysis of complex samples, proposed by the metabolomic approach, the chromatographic fingerprint encompasses an attractive chemical characterization of herbal medicines. Thus, it can be used as a tool in quality control analysis of phytomedicines. The generated multivariate data are better evaluated by chemometric analyses, and they can be modeled by classification methods. "Stone breaker" is a popular Brazilian plant of Phyllanthus genus, used worldwide to treat renal calculus, hepatitis, and many other diseases. In this study, gradient elution at reversed-phase conditions with detection at ultraviolet region were used to obtain chemical profiles (fingerprints) of botanically identified samples of six Phyllanthus species. The obtained chromatograms, at 275 nm, were organized in data matrices, and the time shifts of peaks were adjusted using the Correlation Optimized Warping algorithm. Principal Component Analyses were performed to evaluate similarities among cultivated and uncultivated samples and the discrimination among the species and, after that, the samples were used to compose three classification models using Soft Independent Modeling of Class analogy, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Partial Least Squares for Discriminant Analysis. The ability of classification models were discussed after their successful application for authenticity evaluation of 25 commercial samples of "stone breaker."

关键词： 医学实验室   医学实验室质量和能力的专用要求(ISO15189)   实习教学   管理  

摘要： 建立质量管理体系是检验科发展的必然要求。医学实验室质量和能力的专用要求(ISO15189)是检验科建立质量管理体系的指南,以此为依据建立的质量管理体系为检验科人员培训与继续教育管理带来了全新的理念和方式。我们将这种理念引入检验科的实习教学管理,在对本科生的实习带教中,实行全员参与,制定严格的培训目标和培训方案,实行持续改进措施,同时结合规范化的考核及评审程序对教学质量进行检查,取得了良好的效果。

关键词： 分类准则   化学品   “绿色壁垒”   标签   包装   化学物质   联合国   混合剂  

摘要： 欧盟新版《化学品的分类、标签和包装（CLP）》去年底获得通过。记者近日采访有关专家了解到，这项关于化学物质和混合剂分类、标签及包装的法规议案与联合国的全球化学品分类及标签协调制度（GHS）一致，已经纳入了联合国认可的分类准则及标签规则。

关键词： 合同结构   工程造价   总包   平行承包  

摘要： 不同的合同结构形式对工程造价有不同影响,选择哪种合同结构形式需考虑影响造价的主要因素有,业主自身的管理团队、总包单位的能力、减免税费、项目开办费等。

关键词： 质量控制   免疫学   检验分析  

摘要： 随着我国医学行业的发展,医学检验已成为我国临床医学不可缺少的一部分,它也进入了前所未有的飞速发展时期.生化、临床检验、免疫学、微生物学等检验中的一些项目,已实现了全自动或半自动化.先进设备的引入,使检测结果判断更加客观、科学.随着医学的发展,加强检验质量管理已成为一个重要课题.

关键词： 科学发展观   食品药品安全事故   科学检验   科学监管  

摘要： 目的如何在科学发展观的指导下,加强食品药品监管工作力度,特别当重大食品药品安全事故发生前如何做到监督到位;发生后临危不乱,处理措施得当。方法行政执法与科学检验相辅相成。结论对国家负责,对人民群众生命安全负责,为社会安定、和谐发展保驾护航。

关键词： 购销业务   违约金   增值税   营业税   企业所得税  

摘要： 在企业购销业务中经常发生违约问题,本文对违约金涉及增值税、营业税及企业所得税的财税处理作了分析并举例说明,为相关业务处理提供借鉴。

关键词： MOTIVATION (Psychology)   ACHIEVEMENT motivation   EXERCISE -- Psychological aspects   PERSONALITY -- Research   PERSONALITY assessment   BIG Five model   SPORTS sciences   PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects  

摘要： This study tested the self-determination theory in relation to exercise participation with the aim of identifying whether degree of autonomy mediates the relationship between personality traits and exercise participation. One hundred gym attendees completed a questionnaire assessing Big Five personality traits, Behavioural Regulation scales, and frequency of exercise participation. As predicted by Self-Determination Theory, more autonomous forms of exercise motivation were more strongly correlated with increased exercise participation while External behavioural regulation and Amotivation were negatively correlated with exercise participation. In addition, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness predicted exercise frequency, with further analysis indicating that the Extraversion and Conscientiousness effects were mediated by Intrinsic and External motivation. Agreeableness was not mediated however, and indicates that individuals who are more self-focused are likely to engage in a more frequent exercise regime. These results help to elucidate previous contradictory findings on the effects of personality on exercise participation by emphasising the interaction of individual personality with the intrinsic motivation of a specific activity. Programs encouraging increased exercise should focus on helping participants to find intrinsically enjoyable activities and stress the importance of a certain level of self-focus in committing to a more active lifestyle if they are to succeed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]