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关键词： 医疗仪器公司   售后服务   响应体系   客户价值  

摘要： 医疗仪器行业是为医院及医疗机构提供其使用的用于检验、治疗、警示、辅助护理等仪器或设备的生产及销售机构。医疗仪器既包括单独或者组合使用于人体的仪器、设备、器具、材料或者其他物品，也包括保证运行所需要的各种软件。医疗仪器行业的行业特点、发展趋势及可持续发展的需求对其售后服务体系的建设与完善提出了更高的要求。\n BC公司是以生产销售、提供技术服务的免疫检验，生化，血球检验等医疗检验仪器为主的美国公司，具有较高的市场占有率和知名度。随着BC公司产品在国内医疗部门的使用频率的提高，医生或医学研究人员对其依赖性也越来越大，因此，提供良好的售后服务，保障仪器的正常运转，对医疗人员工作成绩和相应医疗机构的长期效益均有深远的影响。同时根据价值链理论，一方面公司售后服务的质量与层级影响着医疗仪器企业的利益和长期发展，另一方面，客户对公司的售后服务要求越来越高，如响应速度、服务效率、服务质量、售后支付的费用、解决问题的能力等来满足仪器正常运行。如果诸如此类的售后服务问题不能得到圆满解决，给企业客户价值和客户关系造成严重的负面影响。\n 随着行业的发展，原来的售后服务体系已经不能满足企业和客户日益扩张的要求，为了能够更好的为客户提供高质量快速的售后服务，B公司在探索一条在原来的基础上更大程度提高售后服务的质量、效率、达到客户的满意及提高客户价值的途径。BC公司采取的策略是在原来的售后服务体系基础上，引入Helpdesk叫修平台理论，与公司的实际情况相结合。售后服务的工作统一由叫修平台来完成售后服务的统一调配，资源配置，人员调配等，在原来的流程上进行适当的修改，使得叫修平台成为整个售后服务响应体系的支点。作为售后服务响应体系中的重要成员，Helpdesk是帮助用户解决问题的一个在线技术支持平台，由经过培训的资深技术人员担任此职位，来接听客户电话，解决问题，收集信息，维持客户关系，协助配置资源，帮助客户实现其价值。\n 在售后服务响应体系加入Helpdesk后，运用SAP，CRM，Extranet等系统为Helpdesk提供了一个良好的操作平台。将技术人员的工作量进行适当的安排，使客户能够得到及时满意的服务，同时Helpdesk对技术数据库利用，极大的节省了客户和技术人员的时间，也因为Helpdesk运用使得售后服务变得更加快速、有效。Helpdesk通过售后服务响应体系的数据库处理客户提出的不同要求，发现及有效的解决各种出现的问题，以此来改善客户关系，提高信息系统支持能力，降低了因为资源不足，配置不合理引起的客户投诉和不满，提高客户价值。通过运行Helpdesk在客户回访，客户投诉调查等多方面运行，利用Helpdesk发展和保持客户关系。综合利用信息系统提高服务，更大程度的为客户着想，共同谋求更大的客户价值。通过对Helpdesk加入售后服务体系的运行，体现出运行helpdesk对售后服务响应体系的支持具有有效性。\n 在售后服务体系中首先从运行Helpdesk的必要性出发，将Helpdesk在医疗仪器企业售后服务体系的运行与维护中的积极作用进行了概述。运行好Helpdesk的售后服务体系是为客户创造价值的基础;Helpdesk的利用是完全符合服务特性，并体现出针对医疗仪器售后的独特性。Helpdesk对人力和物力的调配控制，也符合项目配置的必要性和基本条件。通过Helpdesk对客户的电话技术支持、客户电话回访等加深与客户的联系和沟通，良好的保持和发展了客户关系。其对信息支持系统的利用大大节约了时间和人力成本、满足了多数客户对时间和效率的严格要求，良好的客户关系最终的目的是为了实现客户价值。通过对实例的研究，即实证研究;具体论述医疗器械行业售后服务体系的运行规律与特点，并详细论述Helpdesk的特性及对医疗仪器售后服务体系的改善效果，以及资源的配置利用;结合成功案例中对信息系统的利用而表现出的不同优势;上述的影响，主要体现在对客户关系的改善与提升，最终的目的是为了实现客户价值，同时辅以成功案例加以进一步论证Helpdesk的应用对实现客户价值的积极作用;说明了运行Helpdesk对售后服务的有效支持作用。最后对系统本身的不足进行了客观的讨论，并针对其缺陷提出了解决方案，以进一步完善基于Helpdesk的售后服务响应体系建设。\n 总之，以医疗器械行业售后服务体系的建设与完善为背景，以BC公司的实际案例为基础，通过比较分析Helpdesk应用前和应用后的售后服务效果，得出Helpdesk的运用使售后服务响应体系变得更加有效，解决问题响应快速，客户利益得到保证，从而认定Helpdesk应用的必要性。同时，全面客观的分析了helpdesk本身的不足并提出解决方案，进一步揭示出更加有效的运行Helpdesk应该具有的特征、能

关键词： Nutrition   Photoblastic   Rhizoid   Seed physiology   Seedling development  

摘要： The effects of carbohydrate availability, carbohydrate source, nutrient availability and illumination on germination and early development of Bletia purpurea (Orchidaceae) seeds were investigated using asymbiotic seed germination. Of special interest was determining the minimum nutritional and light requirements for the completion of germination. Germination and development was limited when seeds were cultured in darkness without sucrose. Seeds were able to germinate under illuminated conditions even in the absence of sucrose and this effect was enhanced when mineral nutrients were incorporated into media. Sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose enhanced germination and seedling development while mannitol and sorbitol did not. These data suggest that carbohydrates, either as products of photosynthesis, from symbiotic fungi in situ or as exogenously supplied sugars in vitro, play an important role in regulating seed germination by fulfilling an energy requirement. This hypothesis has been often expressed but rarely satisfactorily tested. Mineral nutrients appear to be less important for germination than carbohydrates. The differential effect of sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose at two different concentrations on rhizoid production indicates carbohydrates may play a role in regulating rhizoid production.

关键词： Polymerized triacylglycerides (PTG)   Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)   Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)   Partial least squares (PLS) regression  

摘要： The selection of an appropriate calibration set is a critical step in multivariate method development. In this work, the effect of using different calibration sets, based on a previous classification of unknown samples, on the partial least squares (PLS) regression model performance has been discussed. As an example, attenuated total reflection (ATR) mid-infrared spectra of deep-fried vegetable oil samples from three botanical origins (olive, sunflower, and corn oil), with increasing polymerized triacylglyceride (PTG) content induced by a deep-frying process were employed. The use of a one-class-classifier partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and a rooted binary directed acyclic graph tree provided accurate oil classification. Oil samples fried without foodstuff could be classified correctly, independent of their PTG content. However, class separation of oil samples fried with foodstuff, was less evident. The combined use of double-cross model validation with permutation testing was used to validate the obtained PLS-DA classification models, confirming the results. To discuss the usefulness of the selection of an appropriate PLS calibration set, the PTG content was determined by calculating a PLS model based on the previously selected classes. In comparison to a PLS model calculated using a pooled calibration set containing samples from all classes, the root mean square error of prediction could be improved significantly using PLS models based on the selected calibration sets using PLS-DA, ranging between 1.06 and 2.91% (w/w).

关键词： antennal nerve   Heliothis virescens   mixture effects   single-sensillum recording  

摘要： The insect olfactory system is challenged to decipher valid signals from among an assortment of chemical cues present in the airborne environment. In the moth, Heliothis virescens, males rely upon detection and discrimination of a unique blend of components in the female sex pheromone to locate mates. The effect of variable odor mixtures was used to examine physiological responses from neurons within sensilla on the moth antenna sensitive to female sex pheromone components. Increasing concentrations of heliothine sex pheromone components applied in concert with the cognate stimulus for each neuronal type resulted in mixture suppression of activity, except for one odorant combination where mixture enhancement was apparent. Olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) responses were compared between moths with intact and transected antennal nerves to determine whether specific instances of suppression might be influenced by central mechanisms. Type A sensilla showed little variation in response between transected and intact preparations;however, recordings from type B sensilla with transected antennal nerves exhibited reduced mixture suppression. Testing by parallel stimulation of distal antennal segments while recording and stimulating proximal segments dismissed the possibility of interneuronal or ephaptic effects upon sensillar responses. The results indicate that increasing concentrations of "noncognate" odorants in an odor mixture or antennal nerve transection can produce variation in the intensity and temporal dynamics of physiological recordings from H. virescens ORNs.

关键词： Nearest neighbor   Sample weighting   Loss function   Large margin  

摘要： The nearest neighbor classification is a simple and yet effective technique for pattern recognition. Performance of this technique depends significantly on the distance function used to compute similarity between examples. Some techniques were developed to learn weights of features for changing the distance structure of samples in nearest neighbor classification. In this paper, we propose an approach to learning sample weights for enlarging margin by using a gradient descent algorithm to minimize margin based classification loss. Experimental analysis shows that the distances trained in this way reduce the loss of the margin and enlarge the hypothesis margin on several datasets. Moreover, the proposed approach consistently outperforms nearest neighbor classification and some other state-of-the-art methods. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photosynthesis   Evolution   Reaction center   Tyrosine oxidation   Manganese   Oxygen-evolving complex   Rhodobacter sphaeroides   Purple bacteria  

摘要： In photosynthetic organisms, such as purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants, light is captured and converted into energy to create energy-rich compounds. The primary process of energy conversion involves the transfer of electrons from an excited donor molecule to a series of electron acceptors in pigment-protein complexes. Two of these complexes, the bacterial reaction center and photosystem II, are evolutionarily related and structurally similar. However, only photosystem II is capable of performing the unique reaction of water oxidation. An understanding of the evolutionary process that lead to the development of oxygenic photosynthesis can be found by comparison of these two complexes. In this review, we summarize how insight is being gained by examination of the differences in critical functional properties of these complexes and by experimental efforts to alter pigment-protein interactions of the bacterial reaction center in order to enable it to perform reactions, such as amino acid and metal oxidation, observable in photosystem II.

关键词： Substance first use   Age at first consumption   Taxonomy   Consumption profile   Classification  

摘要： The use of multiple legal and illegal substances by adolescents is a growing concern in all countries but since no consensus about a taxonomy did emerge yet it is difficult to understand the different patterns of consumption and to implement tailored prevention and treatment programs directed towards specific subgroups of the adolescent population Using data from a Swiss survey on adolescent health we analyzed the age at which ten legal and Illegal substances were consumed for the first time ever by applying a method combining the strength of both automatic clustering and use of substance experts Results were then compared to 30 socio-economic factors to establish the usefulness of and to validate our taxonomy We also analyzed the succession of substance first use for each group The final taxonomy consists of eight groups ranging from non consumers to heavy drug addicts All but four socio-economic factors were significantly associated with the taxonomy the strongest associations being observed with health behavior and sexuality factors Numerous factors influence adolescents in their decision to first try substances or to use them on a regular basis and no factor alone can be considered as an absolute marker of problematic behavior regarding substance use Different processes of experimentation with substances are associated with different behaviors therefore focusing on only one substance or only one factor is not efficient Prevention and treatment programs can then be tailored to address specific issues related to different youth subgroups (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved

关键词： 电子商务合同   电子签名法   数据电文书面形式  

摘要： 本文主要运用历史研究和比较分析的方法,对电子合同书面形式方面的问题进行了研究。首先对电子合同进行了概述;最后,笔者对电子合同的书面形式的问题进行了分析,并提出了完善相应立法的思考。

关键词： 卫生检验   卫生监督   疾病控制  

摘要： 随着人们生活水平的提高,卫生检验对人们的日常生活来说,越来越重要。本文简单论述了卫生检验在卫生监督和疾病控制中的作用,并对其加以分析,最后又提出一些关于提高卫生检验质量的对策。