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关键词： 损害赔偿责任   违约金   并存   惩罚性损害赔偿   责任形式   双重属性   补偿性   合同   约定  

摘要： 违约金责任与损害赔偿责任都是违反合同的主要责任形式,损害赔偿主要是一种补偿性的责任形式,而违约金则是具有补偿和惩罚双重属性的责任形式。当损害赔偿与违约金两种责任形式在合同中并存时,应根据损害赔偿的类别不同(约定损害赔偿、法定损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿)采取与违约金责任不同的处理方式。

关键词： apolipoprotein E   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)   ALS-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC)   parkinsonism   dementia   neurodegeneration   glutamate transporter   sterol   sterol glucoside  

摘要： Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between cycad flour consumption and the development of the neurodegenerative disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - parkinsonism - dementia complex (ALSPDC). Apolipoprotein E (apo E) allele variations have been associated with genetic susceptibility in neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS-PDC. We have studied cycad toxicity in a mouse model of ALS-PDC with a particular interest in its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) in both apo E knock-out (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Behavioral motor tests, motor neuron counts, and immunohistochemical staining in brain and spinal cord, as well as routine histological examinations on internal organs, were performed to evaluate cycad toxicity. Plasma cholesterol levels were also measured before and during the study. Cycad treatment was associated with higher levels of plasma cholesterol only in apo E KO mice;increased levels of plasma cholesterol did not result in increased atherogenesis. Cycad-fed wild-type mice developed progressive behavioral deficits including ALS-PDC-like pathological outcomes, while cycad-fed apo E KO mice were not significantly affected. Cycad-fed wild-type mice had shorter gait length measurements along with higher active caspase-3 levels in the striatum, substantia nigra, primary motor cortex, and spinal cord as compared with corresponding controls. These changes were associated with decreased labeling for glutamate transporter 1B and tyrosine hydroxylase activity levels. No evidence of cycad toxicity was observed in internal organs of either wild-type or apo E KO mice. Our data demonstrate that apo E KO mice are less susceptible to cycad toxicity, suggesting a role for apo E as a possible genetic susceptibility factor for some forms of toxin-induced neurodegeneration.

关键词： Customer services   Service contracts   Inventory control   Business logistics   Materials management   Warehouse management   Computer systems  

摘要： Reports on the formalization of a five-year contract agreement between third-party logistics provider Exel and RedPrairie requiring Exel to provide inventory control, tracking and tracing, warehouse and labor management technology.

关键词： 检验科   POCT   实验工作   脑钠钛   C-反应蛋白   人员培训  

摘要： 随着高新技术飞速发展,大量高效、快速、操作简单、设备轻便的仪器问世,随意地点、即时报告的一种新检验方法随之诞生--POCT(Point of Care Testing).这是一场新革命,对传统检验带来了巨大的挑战.正如杨振华教授所说:将来的检验将更接近患者并分布在整个医院和社会的门诊部.

关键词： 不要式合同   约定   当事人   成立   特别规定   生效   特定   形式   保险合同   法律  

摘要： 根据合同的成立是否需要特定的形式,合同可以分为要式合同与不要式合同.要式合同是指必须采用法律规定或当事人约定的特定形式,否则便不能成立生效的合同.不要式合同是法律没有特别规定,当事人也没有约定采用特定形式的合同.

关键词： 检验检疫部门   行政处罚   引进外资   外商投资企业   进口货物   法律法规   检验检疫局   地方经济   产业发展  

摘要： 引进外商投资是促进地方经济快速发展的一项重要工作,进口旧的生产设备是县域产业发展的必要补充.把好国门是国家赋予检验检疫部门的神圣职责.日前,龙岩检验检疫局对辖区一外商投资企业报检的一批进口货物违反检验检疫相关法律法规规定的行为作出了行政处罚.从案件的调查笔录材料分析,该外商在办理本批进口货物时,主观上并没有故意隐瞒、逃避管理的想法,而是在不知不觉中违反了检验检疫相关的法律法规,受到了处罚,并蒙受了一定的经济损失.

关键词： BREAST-CANCER   BIAS  

摘要： Motivation: The standard paradigm for a classifier design is to obtain a sample of feature-label pairs and then to apply a classification rule to derive a classifier from the sample data. Typically in laboratory situations the sample size is limited by cost, time or availability of sample material. Thus, an investigator may wish to consider a sequential approach in which there is a sufficient number of patients to train a classifier in order to make a sound decision for diagnosis while at the same time keeping the number of patients as small as possible to make the studies affordable. Results: A sequential classification procedure is studied via the martingale central limit theorem. It updates the classification rule at each step and provides stopping criteria to ensure with a certain confidence that at stopping a future subject will have misclassification probability smaller than a predetermined threshold. Simulation studies and applications to microarray data analysis are provided. The procedure possesses several attractive properties: (1) it updates the classification rule sequentially and thus does not rely on distributions of primary measurements from other studies;(2) it assesses the stopping criteria at each sequential step and thus can substantially reduce cost via early stopping;and (3) it is not restricted to any particular classification rule and therefore applies to any parametric or non-parametric method, including feature selection or extraction.

关键词： multispectral   digital staining   spectral transmittance   linear mapping   classification  

摘要： Histological structures of a pathological tissue sample convey information relevant to the diagnosis of the disease that might have afflicted the person. To reveal the morphology of these structures clearly, pathological tissues are stained. In this paper, a digital staining methodology for pathological tissue samples is introduced. Digital staining implies the application of digital processing techniques to transform the image of an unstained sample to its stained image counterpart. In the method, the transmittance spectra of the unstained and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained multispectral images (16 bands) of specific tissue components are utilized. Two experiments were conducted to probe the possibility of the digital staining framework: the linear mapping of spectral transmittances, and the classification of spectral transmittances in conjunction with the linear mapping of specific transmittance data sets. The method classified the four tissue components, e.g. nucleus, cytoplasm, red blood cells, and the white region (region devoid of tissue structures), while the misclassifications between components with spectral transmittances that are closely similar were not completely rectified. (c) 2005 The Optical Society of Japan.

关键词： mixture of two Weibull distributions asymptotic relative efficiency   nonlinear discriminant function   classification rules  

摘要： A nonlinear discriminant rule may be estimated by maximum likelihood estimation using unclassified observations. The performance of a nonlinear discriminant function based on a sample from a mixture of two Weibull distributions. with parameters lambda, theta(1), theta(2) and p is examined. Asymptotic expansion and asymptotic expected values of probabilities of misclassification are presented. The asymptotic relative efficiencies (AREs) of mixture and classified discrimination procedures are evaluated and discussed for selected parameters. Computations show that for fixed lambda and p, as Delta = [theta(1) - theta(2)] increases the ARE increases. Furthermore, for fixed lambda and Delta, as p varies from 0.2 to 0.8 the values of ARE decrease. On the other hand. for fixed p and Delta, the ARE in case of lambda = 0.5 are close to the ARE in the case of lambda = 2.