学科服务 更多>>

关键词： 临床护士   医学检验   采集标本   医学模式   改变   作用   原因  

摘要： 随着科学技术的发展,医学模式的改变,手工操作的医学检验逐步变为机械化的操作.这样,医学检验的大部分标本的采集都由临床护士来完成.所以,临床护士在医学检验中有着不可低估的重要作用.现归纳我科近年来临床护士采集标本不正确导致结果误差的原因,报告如下.

关键词： 电信公司   上市公司   劳动合同用工   用工转化形式   劳务派遣公司  

摘要： 上市公司的用工问题是影响公司、股东、员工、社会多方利益的大问题。如何采取措施减员或不增员而增效,又不影响公司的实际用工需求,是值得探讨的问题。

关键词： 重数   强相互作用   夸克   非奇异   粒子产率   同位旋   QCD   抑制因子   比值   味道  

摘要： 通过比较不同味道初始夸克碎裂的带电粒子多重数可以对强相互作用味道无关性进行检验 .计算了e+e- 湮没成轻味夸克u ,d ,s碎裂的粒子多重数 ,发现不同味道夸克事例中 ,平均粒子产率 ,同位旋对称性 ,由奇异与非奇异粒子多重数比值确定的奇异抑制因子等都与初始夸克味道有关 ,而且这种依赖性在低能时更加明显 .但 3种轻味夸克事例的平均带电粒子多重数近似相等 ,这与QCD强相互作用与味道无关的预言一致 .

关键词： Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis   Selection (Genetics)   Colonic Neoplasms   Gene Expression Profiling   Humans   Predictive Value of Tests   Skin  

摘要： DNA microarray technology provides useful tools for profiling global gene expression patterns in different cell/tissue samples. One major challenge is the large number of genes relative to the number of samples. The use of all genes can suppress or reduce the performance of a classification rule due to the noise of nondiscriminatory genes. Selection of an optimal subset from the original gene set becomes an important prestep in sample classification. In this study, we propose a family-wise error (FWE) rate approach to selection of discriminatory genes for two-sample or multiple-sample classification. The FWE approach controls the probability of the number of one or more false positives at a prespecified level. A public colon cancer data set is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for the two classification methods: k nearest neighbors (k-NN) and support vector machine (SVM). The selected gene sets from the proposed procedure appears to perform better than or comparable to several results reported in the literature using the univariate analysis without performing multivariate search. In addition, we apply the FWE approach to a toxicogenomic data set with nine treatments (a control and eight metals, As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, Pb, Cu, and AsV) for a total of 55 samples for a multisample classification. Two gene sets are considered: the gene set Omega(F) formed by the ANOVA F-test, and a gene set Omega(T) formed by the union of one-versus-all t-tests. The predicted accuracies are evaluated using the internal and external crossvalidation. Using the SVM classification, the overall accuracies to predict 55 samples into one of the nine treatments are above 80% for internal crossvalidation. Omega(F) has slightly higher accuracy rates than Omega(T). The overall predicted accuracies are above 70% for the external crossvalidation;the two gene sets Omega(T) and delta(F) performed equally well.

关键词： exposure misclassification   drug exposure   claims databases   selective COX-2 inhibitors   bias   epidemiologic methods  

摘要： Purpose Free drug samples are widely used in clinical practice. We were concerned about free sample drug utilization as a source of misclassification in pharmacoepidemiology research using claims data that may result in biased effect estimates. Methods We investigated the magnitude of potential bias with sensitivity analyses based on a published study that examined cardiovascular risk associated with selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors. We derived an estimate of free sample drug utilization with market data for rofexcoxib and calculated sensitivity of the exposure ascertainment method using claims data. We corrected the incidence rate ratio assuming the observed unexposed incidence rate was actually a weighted average rate of the truly unexposed and free sample drug users. The impact of exposure misclassification measured as the percentage change from a corrected to the reported crude incidence rate ratio was examined under a range of free sample drug utilization proportions and unexposed cohort sizes. Results The proportion of free sample drug utilization of all rofecoxib use in our base case scenario was 15.48%, resulting in sensitivity of 84.52% for exposure ascertainment. The magnitude of bias was an underestimation of the unadjusted incidence rate ratio by 0.03%. With a free sample drug utilization proportion of 1.48% and the same unexposed cohort size of 237 975 person-years, the underestimation was 0.003%. If the unexposed cohort were 975 person-years given a 15.48% proportion, the underestimation was 8.82%. Conclusions In the pharmacoepiderniology study, we examined that uses claims data to ascertain drug exposure, our results suggest that adjustment for free sample drug utilization is probably not warranted. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： 高校   图书馆   信息用户   违约责任   用益权   法律地位  

摘要： 高等学校是事业单位法人,图书馆是其隶属的一个部门。学生利用图书馆藏书是学生和学校之间合同关系的应有之义。逾期还书罚款的法律根据不足,应改为违约金,丢书赔款方法和标准应由法律法规明确规定,不同的图书赔偿额要有区别,以体现合理、等价有偿的民事法律关系。

关键词： 保险合同   保险合同的成立   保险单   要式合同  

摘要： 保险合同的成立对于判断保险合同是否存在、认定保险合同是否有效、判定有关当事人应当承担什么样的责任有着重要意义。保险合同成立后,双方当事人就受保险合同的约束。保险合同的成立应当适用承诺生效的标准。当投保人提出保险要求,保险人同意承保,双方就合同的条款达成协议,保险合同成立。保险合同应是非要式合同,不应规定为要式合同。保险单是保险合同成立的书面凭证,除非双方当事人有约定,否则保险单不应作为合同成立的要件,保险单可在合同成立之时或之后签发。

关键词： 标本   活动微粒   革兰氏染色   微生物检验  

摘要： 目的 :阐述涂片直接观察在微生物检验中的作用。方法 :用涂片直接观察结合革兰氏染色与培养结果进行综合分析。结果 :171份标本中 ,细菌培养的总阳性率为 2 1.6 % (37/ 171) ,革兰氏染色找到细菌的阳性率为 2 7.5 %(47/ 171) ,有较多活动微粒和白细胞的阳性率为 75 .4 % (12 9/ 171) ;在 12 9份观察到有较多活动微粒和白细胞的标本中 ,革兰氏染色找到细菌的阳性率为 36 .4 % (47/ 12 9) ,细菌培养阳性率为 2 9.5 % (37/ 12 9) ;在革兰氏染色未找到细菌的 82份标本中 ,细菌培养的阳性率为 1.2 % (1/ 82 )。结论 :涂片直接观察结合革兰氏染色检查 ,可以对标本的性质(是细菌性的还是非细菌性的 )作出快速的初步判断 ;涂片直接观察还可以对粘附力差的标本的革兰氏染色是否成功作出判断 ;涂片直接观察还有利于发现异形细胞、活动的原虫、寄生虫等。

关键词： 监管模式体系   检验检疫实验室   对外经济贸易   工矿产品   专项检验   型式试验  

摘要： 从检验检疫实验室 (以下简称实验室 )工作角度出发 ,通过对实验室在“进出口工矿产品检验监管模式体系”(以下简称“模式体系”)中的地位和作用的分析 ,探讨了实验室改革和模式转变之间相互结合的问题 ,并对“模式体系”运行和模式转变提出了自己的意见和建议。