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关键词： 头油   酱油   检验   合格   氨基酸态氮   质量技术指标  

摘要： 在食品质量安全准入市场制度下,国家规定酱油出厂要作8项以上检验合格方准入市。按国家标准GB18186-2000准确检验头油中氨基酸态氮含量占酱油出厂8项检验合格具有十分重要作用与地位,特别是它与4项质量技术指标检验合格还具有纲举目张的连带关系。

关键词： data mining   k-nearest neighbor   support vector machine   feature selection   P-tree   gene expression   machine learning  

摘要： Classification analysis of microarray gene expression data has been widely used to uncover biological features and to distinguish closely related cell types that often appear in the diagnosis of cancer. However, the number of dimensions of gene expression data is often very high, e.g., in the hundreds or thousands. Accurate and efficient classification of such high-dimensional data remains a contemporary challenge. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive vertical sample-based KNN/LSVM classification approach with weights optimized by genetic algorithms for high-dimensional data. Experiments on common gene expression datasets demonstrated that our approach can achieve high accuracy and efficiency at the same time. The improvement of speed is mainly related to the vertical data representation, P-tree,(1) and its optimized logical algebra. The high accuracy is due to the combination of a KNN majority voting approach and a local support vector machine approach that makes optimal decisions at the local level. As a result, our approach could be a powerful tool for high-dimensional gene expression data analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)   NUCLEAR magnetic resonance   PATTERN perception   ALGORITHMS   DIAGNOSIS   DRUGS -- Side effects  

摘要： H-1 NMR spectra of biofluids provides a wealth of biochemical information on the metabolic status of an organism. Through the application of pattern recognition and classification algorithms, the data have been shown to provide information on disease diagnosis and the beneficial and adverse effects of potential therapeutics. Here, a novel approach is described for identifying subsets of spectral patterns in databases of NMR spectra, and it is shown that the intensities of these spectral patterns can be related to the onset and recovery from a toxic lesion in both a time-related and dose-related fashion. These patterns form a new type of combination biomarker for the biological effect under study. The approach is illustrated with a study of liver toxicity in rats using NMR spectra of urine following administration of a model hepatotoxin hydrazine.

关键词： 2D gel electrophoresis   principal component analysis   neuroblastoma   proteomics   multivariate analysis  

摘要： Background: The adrenal gland is the election organ forming primary neuroblastoma (NB) tumours, the most common extracranial solid tumours of infancy and childhood. Methods: Samples of adrenal gland belonging to healthy and diseased nude mouse were analysed by 2D gel-electrophoresis. The resulting 2D-PAGE maps were digitized by PDQuest and investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The analysis of the loadings of the first principal component (PC) permitted the evaluation of the spots characterising each class of samples. Moreover, the soft-independent model of class analogy (SIMCA) method confirmed the separation of the samples in the two classes and allowed the identification of the modelling and discriminating spots. Very good correlation was found between the data obtained by analysis of 2D maps via the commercial software PDQuest and the present PCA analysis. In both cases, the comparison between such maps showed up- and down-regulation of 84 polypeptide chains, out of a total of 700 spots detected by a fluorescent stain, Sypro Ruby. Spots that were differentially expressed between the two groups were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 14 of these spots were identified so far. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.

关键词： 合同形式   保险合同   相对要式主义  

摘要： 我国法学界对于保险合同形式的争议由来已久。在国际上 ,有的国家采纳要式主义 ,有的国家采纳不要式主义。根据保险法的理论和司法实践经验 ,保险合同应当采纳相对要式主义以便对保险当事人起到双赢作用。

关键词： 食品质量安全   市场准入制度   食品生产企业   出厂检验报告   检验人员   标准化   贸易壁垒  

摘要： 本文通过分析食品质量安全市场准入制度的内涵,结合宝山地区桶装饮用纯净水企业的实际情况,从标准的角度,提出企业建立和完善出厂检验能力的方法和步骤,旨在对这些企业能有所帮助。

关键词： 质量检验工作   有界限值参数   参数测量平均值   检验数据  

摘要： 在质量检验工作中，自编检验细则应该并可以发挥的一个重要作用，就是在既定的检验方法原则之下，确定实际的操作步骤，使原则性的检验方法得到具体化，以便可操作。

关键词： 卫生检验   动物性食品   食品质量   知识   剖析   内容   必要性   安全   手段   复杂性  

摘要： 通过剖析动物性食品卫生、安全特点及动物性食品卫生检验学内容 ,阐述了食品质量与安全的必要性和重要意义。动物性食品的卫生检验和安全控制 ,具有知识的广泛性 ,检验 (测 )手段的综合性和复杂性 ,了解“动物性食品卫生检验学”有关方面的内容具有十分重要的意义。

关键词： 保险合同   要式合同   非要式合同   保险法  

摘要： 长期以来,由于我国保险法对于保险合同形式并未做出明确界定,保险学理论及实务界对保险合同究竟应为要式合同还是非要式合同存在诸多争议。本文对此初步作些探讨。

关键词： 涂片观察   微生物检验   细菌培养   阳性率  

摘要： 目的 阐述涂片直接观察在微生物检验中的作用。方法 用涂片直接观察结合革兰氏染色与培养结果进行综合分析。结果 171份标本中，细菌培养的总阳性率为21.6％(37／171)，革兰氏染色找到细菌的阳性率为27．5％(47／171)，有较多活动微粒和白细胞的阳性率为75．4％(19／171)；在129份观察到有较多活动微粒和白细胞的标本中，革兰氏染色找到细菌的阳性率为36．4％(47／129)，细菌培养阳性率为29．5％(37／129)；在革兰氏染色未找到细菌的82份标本中，细菌培养的阳性率为1．2％(1／82)。结论 涂片直接观察结合革兰氏染色检查，可以对标本的性质(是细菌性的还是．非细菌性的)作出快速的初步判断；涂片直接观察可以对粘附力差的标本的革兰氏染色是否成功作出判断；直接涂片观察还有利于发现异型细胞、活动的原虫、寄生虫等。