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关键词： 合同形式   保险合同   相对要式主义  

摘要： 我国法学界对于保险合同形式的争议由来已久。在国际上 ,有的国家采纳要式主义 ,有的国家采纳不要式主义。根据保险法的理论和司法实践经验 ,保险合同应当采纳相对要式主义以便对保险当事人起到双赢作用。

摘要： 药品是防病治病的特殊商品,药品监督检验目的是为了保证药品安全、有效,维护用药者的身体健康.随着我国经济的发展,人民物质生活和社会文化水平的不断提高,用药知识的不断丰富,广大群众反映基层医疗单位对药品管理、使用等方面问题也越来越多.如何加强基层医疗单位的药品监督检验,保障基层医疗单位合理用药,具有特殊的历史性和社会效应.

关键词： Metal-catalyzed oxidation   Electron-spin resonance   Ionizationmass-spectrometry   X-ray radiolysis   Aqueous-solution   Structural-analysis   Pulse-radiolysis   Radical probe   Apolipoprotein b-100   Hydrogen-exchange  

摘要： Protein footprinting utilizing hydroxyl radicals coupled with mass spectrometry has become a powerful technique for mapping the solvent accessible surface of proteins and examining protein-protein interactions in solution. Hydroxyl radicals generated by radiolysis or chemical methods efficiently react with many amino acid residue side chains, including the aromatic and sulfur-containing residues along with proline and leucine, generating stable oxidation products that are valuable probes for examining protein structure. In this study, we examine the radiolytic oxidation chemistry of histidine, lysine, and arginine for comparison with their metal-catalyzed oxidation products. Model peptides containing arginine, histidine, and lysine were irradiated using white light from a synchrotron X-ray source or a cesium-137 gamma-ray source. The rates of oxidation and the radiolysis products were primarily characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry including tandem mass spectrometry. Arginine is very sensitive to radiolytic oxidation, giving rise to a characteristic product with a 43 Da mass reduction as a result of the loss of guanidino group and conversion to gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde, consistent with previous metal-catalyzed oxidation studies. Histidine was oxidized to generate a mixture of products with characteristic mass changes primarily involving rupture of and addition to the imidazole ring. Lysine was converted to hydroxylysine or carbonylysine by radiolysis. The development of methods to probe these residues due to their high frequency of occurrence, their typical presence on the protein surface, and their frequent participation in protein-protein interactions considerably extends the utility of protein footprinting.

关键词： 毒品检验   情报信息   禁毒工作   毒品犯罪   刑事科学技术   技术手段  

摘要： 禁毒离不开情报 ,情报工作是禁毒工作中的重要组成部分 ,对禁毒工作起着信息支持作用 ,对打击毒品犯罪具有举足轻重的作用。毒品检验是刑事科学技术工作的组成部分 ,是揭露和证实毒品犯罪的重要技术手段 。

关键词： 主成分分析   食品   分类  

摘要： 利用化学模式识别技术的主成分分析(PCA)法对取自江西不同地区的谷物、蔬菜、水果的24个样品进行分类研究,所涉及的变量包括金属离子K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb和有机物蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、VB1、VB2。结果表明,运用PCA法可获得大量样品的统计特征,对变量进行适当的选择能够有效地分辨不同的样品。

关键词： collaboration   planning   place   expert-lay divide   group identity  

摘要： This article examines the interaction between geographic scale and ways of knowing in the context of collaborative stakeholder participation in ecosystem analysis and management. The examination uses data from a qualitative comparative case study of two watershed councils in western Oregon. The results tentatively support the proposition that geographic scale can significantly affect individual stakeholder ways of knowing. For small-scale places, stakeholder ways of knowing tend to be particularistic and rely on diverse personal experiences and specific place features;for large-scale places, stakeholder ways of knowing tend to be aesthetic and rely primarily on recreational experiences and scientific analyses. However, the results also indicate that geographic scale combines with at least three factors to affect the development of shared ways of knowing: (1) tensions between experts and laypersons;(2) primacy of organizational representation in stakeholder interactions;and (3) discovery of common group identity based on long-term communication and shared on-the-ground experiences, such as field trips. This examination suggests that geographic scale in ecosystem management is likely an important factor affecting working relationships in a collaborative stakeholder participation process. These relationships, in turn, can affect the perceived credibility and legitimacy of outcomes. FOR. SCI. 49(6):841-854.

关键词： 电子合同   合同形式   电子签名   中国   《合同法》   数字签名   电子商务   书面形式  

摘要： 合同的合法性,是受到法律保护的必要前提.合同合法性主要表现为四方面,一是主体合格,二是当事人意思表示真实,三是内容合法,四是形式合法.电子合同需满足上列四方面要求才是合法有效的.前三项法律要求的满足一般没什么问题,关键是合同形式合法性问题.各国立法对合同形式的规范主要是采用书面形式,而电子合同区别于传统合同的最大特点恰恰是"无纸化",因而传统的书面文件的法律规定成了发展现代通信手段的障碍,电子合同可能因形式不合法而被认为无效,不予保护.

关键词： 卫生理化检验   疾病预防   疾病控制   卫生防疫站   卫生改革  

摘要： 卫生理化检验是卫生检验中不可缺少的组成部分,它是以卫生工作为主体,检验与人体健康相关产品的物理、化学指标.随着我国加入世贸组织和卫生体制改革不断深入,卫生检验面临着前所未有的挑战,尤其是理化检验的竞争非常剧烈,新技术、新方法的及时引进和应用成了我们能生存的唯一基础.因此,提高我们的检测能力已成为我们卫生理化检验者的当务之急,现探讨如下,与大家共勉.

关键词： 医院感染管理   检验科   监测   自身感染   消毒隔离措施   感染管理工作   医院领导   管理作用   风险   分级管理  

摘要： 我院是一所综合性医院，在医院分级管理评定的推动下，医院领导将感染管理工作作为医院管理的一项重要内容来抓，逐步完善制订了一套科学化、系统化的医院感染管理方法。检验科作为医院感染管理中的重点科室由于消毒隔离措施不齐全，工作人员自我保护意识差，对医院感染的危害性缺乏足够的认识，每天接触各种标本中的病原体，自身感染和交叉感染的风险很大。