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关键词： 质量监督检验检疫工作会议   国家质检总局   工作安排   质检部门   2003年  

摘要： 国家质检总局党组书记李传卿在全国质量监督检验检疫工作会议的总结讲话中,要求各级质检部门按照这次会议提出的总体部署,在实践发展这个执政兴国的第一要务中充分发挥质检部门应有的作用,并从9个方面提出了要求:一、要在推进产业结构调整中,全面实施'以质取胜'战略,在狠抓源头方面取得新进展,以质检部门的职能优势,为提高我国产业、企业和产品竞争力发挥作用.

关键词： 商贸公司   经济补偿金   福建长汀县   民事赔偿责任   刑事附带民事诉讼   通知   商贸大厦   劳动合同   劳动仲裁   合同的主要内容  

关键词： 电子合同   书面形式   对策   法律  

摘要： 不论是英美法系还是大陆法系 ,都对合同有采书面形式的要求 ,此要求构成了电子商务发展的主要法律障碍之一。在早期的电子数据交换中 ,通过在交换协议中承认电子化的要约和承诺具有书面的性质 ,此即书面形式要求的合同解决方法。在当今的互联网时代 ,联合国国际贸易法委员会《电子商务法示范法》和有关国内法采“功能等同”思路 ,将具有纸面合同功能的电子合同赋予书面合同的效力。此即书面形式要求的法律解决方法。而随着时代的发展和法律的演进 ,法律应直接承认电子化的意思表示的效力 ,从而建立电子合同制度。

关键词： Microenvironments   Neutrophils   Complex systems   Integrate   Neutrophil Infiltration   Infectious Agent   cell type   Dendritic Cells   Human   Epithelial Cells   Cell Locomotion   Host-Pathogen Interactions   basolateral membrane  

摘要： Many pathogens must overcome an epithelial barrier in order to establish an infection. Unsurprisingly, such pathogens have evolved different mechanisms to overcome this obstacle, targeting specific epithelial structures or functions. These include disruption of epithelial barrier function, transcytosing from the apical to the basolateral membrane domain or inducing cell movement such as neutrophil recruitment. When studying these processes in vivo, animal models often fail to mimic the disease observed in humans and present a complex system in which many variables cannot be controlled. Therefore, in vitro transepithelial models that permit the study of a relevant biological surface have been developed, to integrate not only interactions between bacteria and epithelial cells but also, under certain conditions, to integrate a third cell type, such as neutrophils or dendritic cells. Such models are particularly useful for studying the bacteria-host relationship as it would occur in the microenvironment of the human epithelium and have enhanced our understanding of the unique strategies by which pathogenic bacteria exploit host cells to overcome the initial epithelial hurdle.

关键词： germanium detectors   Monte Carlo simulation   gamma-ray interaction   multiple scattering coefficient   full-energy-peak efficiency  

摘要： Monte Carlo simulation results that were known to agree with efficiencies measured by means of radioactivity standards for two germanium detectors of very different sizes were used to examine efficiency responses to gamma rays of detectors that could not be measured directly or that would require use of numerous detectors. Contributions to the full-energy peak by multiple scattering of gamma rays preceding the photoelectric interaction were tabulated. The applicability of the commonly used straight-line relationship in logarithmic coordinates to plot intrinsic efficiency versus energy was tested for 14 detectors with widely different dimensions. Published empirical equations for predicting efficiency versus energy on the basis of detector volume were compared with simulation results. An equation that appears to be applicable to a wider range of volumes was obtained. The development of this equation makes it possible to evaluate the efficiencies of detectors with a wide range of volumes without necessitating direct measurement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： option valuation   currency options   GARCH   regime-switching   jump-diffusion  

摘要： We compare option valuation models based on regime-switching, GARCH, and jump-diffusion processes to a standard "smile" model, in which Black and Scholes (1973) implied volatilities are allowed to vary across strike prices. The regime-switching, GARCH, and jump-diffusion models provide significant improvement over a fixed smile model in fitting GBP and JPY option prices both in-sample and out-of-sample. The jump-diffusion model achieves the tightest fit. A time-varying smile model, however, provides hedging performance that is comparable to the other models for the GBP options. This result suggests that standard option valuation techniques may provide a reasonable basis for trading and hedging strategies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： k Nearest Neighbor (kNN)   Fuzzy Interval Number (FIN)   Classification   Prediction   Metric Distance   Sugar Industry  

摘要： This work introduces FINkNN, a k-nearest-neighbor classifier operating over the metric lattice of conventional interval-supported convex fuzzy sets. We show that for problems involving populations of measurements, data can be represented by fuzzy interval numbers (FINs) and we present an algorithm for constructing FINs from such populations. We then present a latticetheoretic metric distance between FINs with arbitrary-shaped membership functions, which forms the basis for FINkNN’s similarity measurements. We apply FINkNN to the task of predicting annual sugar production based on populations of measurements supplied by Hellenic Sugar Industry. We show that FINkNN improves prediction accuracy on this task, and discuss the broader scope and potential utility of these ***

关键词： 财政政策   阶段性   非对称性   经济周期   中国   财政收入   经济波动  

摘要： 财政政策的非对称性主要是指它在经济周期的不同阶段对GDP的变化具有不同的响应。通过对经济周期状态的划分和度量 ,我们发现在我国财政收入和财政支出对不同程度的经济扩张和经济收缩具有非对称反应 ,而且预算盈余也表现了非对称迹象。因此 ,在我国经济的收缩期 ,应该加大财政政策的实施力度来刺激需求和促进经济增长 ,尤其要注意发挥财政收入对经济波动的调节作用。

关键词： 质量技术监督部门   标准化   计量工作   质量监督检验检疫工作会议  

关键词： 降水方案   降水深度   管道施工   检验   涌水量   地下水位   工程   地区   工时   成败  

摘要： 在地下水位较高地区进行管道施工时,经常会遇到施工排水问题,选用的降水方案是否合理,直接关系到工程的成败。本文作者通过分析群井的互阻作用后,提出了群井互阻涌水量的计算公式,并用其求出群井互阻后的降水深度,检验了降水方案的可行性。