学科服务 更多>>

关键词： 出入境检验检疫   检验检疫行政执法   检验检疫期限   约束性   公平性   国际贸易   检验检疫行政效率  

摘要： 在检验检疫行政执法中，法律，法规和规章规定的期限具有明显的约束性，公平性特征，其作用是：为出入境检验检疫行政争议，诉讼的具体行政行为的判断提供了法律依据，能提高检验检疫行政效能，为检验检疫机构和报检人应履行的权利与义务在时间上进行了界定。

关键词： 质量   检验   质量管理   意义   作用  

摘要： 通过对质量检验产生、发展的回顾和对现状的认识，阐述质量检验与质量管理的关系，说明在当今市场经济占主导地位的经济发展框架下。

关键词： actin   fluorescence resonance energy transfer   muscle contraction   myosin  

摘要： Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments were carried out in the absence of nucleotide (rigor) or in the presence of MgADP between fluorescent donor probes (IAEDANS (5((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) at Cys-374 or DANSYL (5-dimethylamino naphthalene-1-(N-(5-aminopentyl))sulfonamide) at Gln-41 of actin and acceptor molecules (FHS (6-[fluorescein-5(and 6)-carboxamido] hexanoic acid succinimidyl ester) at Lys-553 of skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1. The critical Forster distance (R-0) was determined to be 44 and 38 Angstrom for the IAEDANS-FHS and DANSYL-FHS donor-acceptor pairs, respectively. The efficiency of energy transfer between the acceptor molecules at Lys-553 of myosin and donor probes at Cys-374 or Gln-41 of actin was calculated to be 0.78 +/- 0.01 or 0.94 +/- 0.01, respectively, corresponding to distances of 35.6 +/- 0.4 Angstrom and 24.0 +/- 1.6 Angstrom respectively. MgADP had no significant effect on the distances observed in rigor. Thus, rearrangements in the acto-myosin interface are likely to occur elsewhere than in the lower 50-kDa subdomain of myosin as its affinity for actin is weakened by MgADP binding. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词： 合同诈骗   直接故意   间接故意   权益保护  

摘要： 从理论界对合同诈骗罪犯罪故意的形式是否包括间接故意的争论分析 ,只能得出本罪犯罪故意是直接故意的结论 ;从刑法理论应适应经济发展的需要分析 ,应将间接故意也作为本罪犯罪故意的一种形式。

关键词： 民法   违约责任   侵权责任   竞合   合同法  

摘要： 我国《合同法》第 1 2 2条规定在违约责任与侵权责任发生竞合的情况下 ,受害人一方可选择提起违约之诉或侵权之诉。笔者认为此项规定是源于过去的理论 ,与其他法律不协调 ,脱离我国实际。在发生违约责任与侵权责任竞合的情况下 。

关键词： 森工企业   经济考核   木材检验   经济效益   产品质量  

关键词： beer   microwave digestion   flame atomic absorption spectrometry   flame emission   molecular absorption   chemometrics  

摘要： The characterization of beer samples has a lot of interest because their composition can affect the taste and stability of beer and consumer health. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mg, Ca and Al. Sodium and K were determined by flame atomic emission spectrometry. A sample preparation method was developed, based on treatment with HNO3 and H2O2 in a microwave oven. This has many advantages over the methods found in the literature. The combination of the results of atomic spectrometry and the spectrum obtained by molecular absorption spectrometry provides information on the inorganic and organic components of the samples. The application of chemometric techniques to chemical composition data could be extremely useful for food quality control. The metal concentrations, the molecular absorption spectrum, the pH and conductivity of each sample were subject to analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis. Twenty-five different beer samples were used to differentiate and classify different types of beers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 色谱法   高压液相   酶激活/遗传学   因子ⅩⅢ/遗传学   因子ⅩⅢ/代谢   纤维蛋白原/代谢   动力学   心肌梗死/代谢   肽碎片/化学   肽类/代谢   凝血酶/代谢   动物   牛   人类  

摘要： the blood coagulation cascade, thrombin cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen revealing sites for fibrin polymerization that lead to insoluble clot formation. Factor XIII stabilizes this clot by catalyzing the formation of intermolecular cross-links in the fibrin network, Thrombin activates the Factor XIII a(2) dimer by cleaving the Factor XIII activation peptide segment at the Arg(37)-Gly(38) peptide bond. Using a high performance liquid chromatography assay, the kinetic constants K-m, k(cat), and k(cat)/K-m mere determined for thrombin hydrolysis of fibrinogen A alpha-(7-20), Factor XIII activation peptide-(28-41), and Factor XIII activation peptide-(28-41) with a Val(34) to Leu substitution. This Val to Leu mutation has been correlated with protection from myocardial infarction, In the absence of fibrin, the Factor XIII activation peptide-(28-41) exhibits a 10-fold lower k(cat)/K-m value than fibrinogen A alpha-(7-20). With the Factor XIII V34L mutation, decreases in K-m and increases in k(cat) produce a 6-fold increase in k(cat)/K-m relative to the wild-type Factor XIII sequence. A review of the x-ray crystal structures of known substrates and inhibitors of thrombin leads to a hypothesis that the new Leu generates a peptide with more extensive interactions with the surface of thrombin. As a result, the Factor XIII V34L is proposed to be susceptible to wasteful conversion of zymogen to activated enzyme. Premature depletion may provide cardioprotective effects.

关键词： 非法集资   人民银行   发行有价证券   金融隐患   社会经济秩序   债务凭证   司法程序   合同的形式   社会稳定   商品经销  

关键词： feature selection   linear discriminant analysis   effects of finite sample size   computer-aided diagnosis  

摘要： In computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), a frequently used approach for distinguishing normal and abnormal cases is first to extract potentially useful features for the classification task. Effective features are then selected from this entire pool of available features. Finally, a classifier is designed using the selected features. In this study, we investigated the effect of finite sample size on classification accuracy when classifier design involves stepwise feature selection in linear discriminant analysis, which is the most commonly used feature selection algorithm for linear classifiers. The feature selection and the classifier coefficient estimation steps were considered to be cascading stages in the classifier design process. We compared the performance of the classifier when feature selection was performed on the design samples alone and on the entire set of available samples, which consisted of design and test samples. The area A(z) under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as our performance measure. After linear classifier coefficient estimation using the design samples, we studied the hold-out and resubstitution performance estimates. The two classes were assumed to have multidimensional Gaussian distributions, with a large number of features available for feature selection. We investigated the dependence of feature selection performance on the covariance matrices and means for the two classes, and examined the effects of sample size, number of available features, and parameters of stepwise feature selection on classifier bias. Our results indicated that the resubstitution estimate was always optimistically biased, except in cases where the parameters of stepwise feature selection were chosen such that too few features were selected by the stepwise procedure. When feature selection was performed using only the design samples, the hold-out estimate was always pessimistically biased. When feature selection was performed using the entire finite