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关键词： 动物检验检疫   食品安全   作用  

摘要： 我们国家的经济发展水平越来越高,人们的生活水平和生活质量也随之提升,不再只是追求食品的数量,也更加追求食品的质量。动物源性食品作为我们食物的一大来源,其本身的安全质量也受到了较大的关注,因此本文就动物检验检疫工作对食品安全质量的必要性和重要性展开了分析。

摘要： Background: Lack of autonomy in the operating room (OR) during general surgery residency is a major contributing factor to low confidence operating independently after graduation. Although attempts to address decreased autonomy and development of entrustment in the OR are being made in general surgery programs, this issue has not been examined thoroughly in vascular surgery. We sought to determine barriers and opportunities for developing operative autonomy during vascular surgery training by surveying program directors (PDs) and trainees (integrated residents and fellows) in U.S. vascular surgery training programs. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was sent via email to all PDs ( n = 155) and trainees ( n = 516) in United States vascular surgery training programs. Demographics, academic characteristics, and responses regarding factors impacting the development of entrustment were collected. Results: Thirty-five PDs and 100 trainees completed the survey (22.5% and 19.4% response rate, respectively). Sixty percent of trainees were integrated residents and 40% were fellows. Twenty percent of PDs and 33% of trainees were female, and 5% of all PDs and trainees were from underrepresented minorities. The single most positive factor affecting the development of autonomy according to trainees and PDs is familiarity of the faculty with the trainee. Both PDs and trainees thought the trainee's preparation for the case positively affected development of autonomy;however, more PDs believed that involvement with preoperative preparation in particular (marking the patient, consenting the patient, filling out a history and physical, prepping and draping the patient) was important ( P < 0.05). PDs believed that duty-hour limitations negatively affected the trainee's ability to develop autonomy in the OR, whereas more trainees believed that hospital or OR efficiency policies played a negative role ( P < 0.05). Finally, compared with trainees, PDs believed that the appropriate a

关键词： Posthumanist linguistics   Interspecies communication   Human-goat interaction   Genre theory   Animal agency   Discourse analysis  

摘要： This paper investigates how linguistic research can contribute to the field of interspecies studies through an ethnographic study on human-goat communication. It addresses two research questions: whether traditional discourse analytic theory can be used to analyze non-human communication, and whether the specific concepts of communicative events, purposes, and move structure within genre theory can be applied in these contexts. The data show that genre theory can be applied, and that both the humans and the goats attempt to make their communicative goals salient to the recipients. The results illustrate the possibility of applying traditional linguistic theory to non-human contexts, and it is argued that discourse analytic theory should include interspecies interactions to gain new insights in general communicative paradigms. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Taxonomic composition   MG-RAST   QIIME2   16S rRNA gene   Microbiota  

摘要： Environmental microbiome studies rely on fast and accurate bioinformatics tools to characterize the taxonomic composition of samples based on the 16S rRNA gene. MetaGenome Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) and Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) are two of the most popular tools available to perform this task. Their underlying algorithms differ in many aspects, and therefore the comparison of the pipelines provides insights into their best use and interpretation of the outcomes. Both of these bioinformatics tools are based on several specialized algorithms pipelined together, but whereas MG-RAST is a user-friendly webserver that clusters rRNA sequences based on their similarity to create Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU), QIIME2 employs DADA2 in the construction of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) by applying an error model that considers the abundance of each sequence and its similarity to other sequences. Taxonomic compositions obtained from the analyses of amplicon sequences of DNA from swine intestinal gut and faecal microbiota samples using MG-RAST and QIIME2 were compared at domain-, phylum-, family- and genus-levels in terms of richness, relative abundance and diversity. We found significant differences between the microbiota profiles obtained from each pipeline. At domain level, bacteria were relatively more abundant using QIIME2 than MG-RAST;at phylum level, seven taxa were identified exclusively by QIIME2;at family level, samples processed in QIIME2 showed higher evenness and richness (assessed by Shannon and Simpson indices). The genus-level compositions obtained from each pipeline were used in partial least squares-discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to discriminate between sample collection sites (caecum, colon and faeces). The results showed that different genera were found to be significant for the models, based on the Variable Importance in Projection, e.g. when using sequencing data processed by MG-RAST, the three

关键词： Image processing   Artificial intelligence classifier   Convolutional neural networks   CNN   Industry automation   Control system   Hyperspectral camera  

摘要： During food tray packaging, some contamination may exist due to the presence of undesired objects. It is essential to detect anomalies during the packaging process in order to discard the faulty tray and avoid human consumption. This study demonstrates the on-line classification feasibility when using hyperspectral imaging systems for real-time food packaging control by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) as a classifier in heat-sealed food trays. A hyperspectral camera is used to capture individual food tray information and fed to a CNN classifier to detect faulty food trays with object contamination. The proposed system is able to detect up to eleven different contamination products (plastic, rubber, etc.). In case of a faulty tray, it is discarded from the automated production line. A specific database with different faults and normal cases was built. Various techniques are proposed for CNN architecture and its training. Results show a global fault detection accuracy higher than 94%. Additionally, the classification process is flexible can be tuned for optimal accuracy detection or FOR (False Omission Rate) improvement to reject any possible fault, depending on the factory requirements. An analysis of different faults is done, showing the limitations for some types of faults. Finally, the algorithm is integrated into the automated control of the manufacturing line, a total computation time between 70 and 105 ms depending on the number of channels selected for each food tray was obtained, which makes it possible to run the manufacturing line at a maximum speed of 14 food trays per second.

关键词： 低离子聚凝胺   盐水法   交叉配血试验   输血检验   效果对比  

摘要： 总结低离子聚凝胺在交叉配血试验中应用于输血检验的应用优势。方法:收集2020年1月至2021年1月我院输血科处理的260例患者的输血检验项目进行研究。260例输血检验样本分别采用两种不同处理方式。基于盐水介质、低离子聚凝胺两种方式的输血检验阳性率与检测效果指标进行对比。结果:低离子聚凝胺的阳性检出率明显高于盐水法,P<0.05。盐水法检验需要采取显微镜观察,低离子聚凝胺可直接通过肉眼观察判断。低离子聚凝胺检测技术的灵敏度、稳定性、准确性、耗时指标均显著优于盐水试验技术,数据之间数据差异较大,P<0.05。结论:基于低离子聚凝胺的交叉配血试验方式可以有效应用于输血检验,整体检验结果可靠度较高,可以实现对疾病的准确判断,值得推广。

关键词： 肝功能   生化检验   肝炎肝硬化  

摘要： 探讨分析肝功能生化检验应用于肝炎肝硬化患者中的作用及其意义。方法:本次研究的对象为2018年1月至2020年12月在本院接受治疗的肝炎肝硬化患者33例和同期进行体检的健康人员33例,其中本院接受治疗的肝炎肝硬化患者33例列为观察组;其中抽同期进行体检的健康人员33例列为对照组;所有患者必须进行肝功能生化指标检测,对比分析两组患者的各项指标主要从白蛋白、总胆汁酸、总胆固醇与胆碱酯酶等指标情况进行分析。结果:观察组患者的白蛋白、总胆固醇以及胆碱酯酶指标明显低于对照组,两组对比差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组患者的总胆汁酸指标明显高于对照组,两组对比差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);统计观察组患者的肝功能Child-Pugh分级情况下的阳性检出率,Child-Pugh-A的胆碱酯酶的阳性检出率为100%;Child-Pugh-B胆碱酯酶、白蛋白和总胆固醇的阳性检出率为100%;Child-Pugh-C的总胆固醇的阳性检出率为100%。结论:肝功能生化指标检验的依据是肝脏组织病变时所引起的各种合成和代谢的异常,对于肝脏受损方面具有良好诊断依据,也给临床医师诊断肝炎肝硬化提供有效参考,具有很高的临床价值,值得推荐。

关键词： 血清胆红素   尿素   冠心病   诊断  

摘要： 目的 观察分析血清胆红素与尿素水平检验在冠心病诊断及病情评估中的作用.方法 将2019年11月至2020年11月我院接收的50例冠心病病人进行研究,将其列为研究组,同时选取该时期50位健康者,对所有人进行血清胆红素与尿素检查,比较两组患者的血清胆红素和尿素水平.结果 实验组病人的血清胆红素与尿素水平均与参照组有明显差异,差异较大(P<0.05).结论 检验冠心病患者的血清胆红素和尿素水平对于临床诊断和病情评估有重要价值.

关键词： FIDIC   争议解决   演变   分析  

摘要： 概述FIDIC合同争议解决方式的发展和演变,分别讨论1999版和2017版FIDIC合同条件的友好解决和争议裁决和避免条款,对争议避免/裁决委员会在2017年版FIDIC合同中的作用进行分析,并将其与1999年版的争议裁决委员会进行比较。

关键词： 父母教养方式   外化问题行为   流动青少年   冲动性  

摘要： 对870名流动青少年进行了父母教养方式、外化问题行为和冲动性的问卷调查,以考察父母教养方式与流动青少年外化问题行为的关系及冲动性的中介作用。结果表明:关怀教养负向预测外化问题行为;过度保护和冷漠拒绝教养正向预测外化问题行为;冲动性在关怀、过度保护和冷漠拒绝教养与外化问题行为之间有中介作用;冲动性在过度保护教养与外化问题行为之间有调节作用,过度保护教养对外化问题行为的不良影响在高冲动水平个体上表现显著而在低冲动水平个体上表现不显著。