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关键词： Distributed Transactions   Web Services   Atomic Transactions   Byzantine Fault Tolerance Technique   Byzantine Fault   and Resource blocking Problem.  

摘要： Today all the business transactions are being deployed over the Internet using Web Service Atomic Transaction specification (WS_AT). For such distributed transactions always a trustworthy coordinator is needed and this trustworthy coordinator should able to tolerate the Byzantine Fault. In order to overcome such fault, this paper proposes the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) Technique using Backup Two Phase Commit protocol (B2PC). In which our B2PC protocol reduces the Byzantine Agreement usage, because using Byzantine Agreement in each and every phase of operation is impossible and it could be prohibitively very expensive. Our B2PC protocol overcomes the major issue faced by the atomic Two Phase Commit protocol is resource blocking problem and this problem can be overcome by adding a backup phase in normal 2 Phase Commit protocol. According to WS_AT specification, the coordinator of transaction provides a set of core services to initiator and to participant. Our proposed BFT Technique can achieves high degree of availability, reliability, security and also less expensive.

关键词： Growth and carbon allocation   Nursery stock   Root carbohydrate reserves   Root-to-shoot ratio   Seedling quality  

摘要： Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) has great potential as a reclamation species for mining sites in the boreal forest, but planting stock has shown poor field performance after outplanting. In this study we tested how different aspen seedling characteristics and planting times affect field outplanting performance on reclamation sites. We produced three different types of aspen planting stock, which varied significantly in seedling size, root-to-shoot ratio (RSR), and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) reserves in roots, by artificially manipulating shoot growth during seedling production. All three stock types were then field-planted either in late summer, late fall, or early spring after frozen storage. Seedlings were outplanted onto two reclaimed open-pit mining areas in the boreal forest region of central and east-central Alberta, Canada, which varied significantly in latitude, reclamation history, and soil conditions. Overall, height growth was better in aspen stock types with high RSR and TNC reserves. Differences in field performance among aspen stock types appeared to be more strongly expressed when seedlings were exposed to more stressful environmental site conditions, such as low soil nutrients and moisture. Generally, aspen seedlings planted with leaves in the summer showed the poorest performance, and summer- or fall-planted seedlings with no shoot growth manipulation had much greater stem dieback after the first winter. This indicates that the dormancy and hardening of the stem, as a result of premature bud set treatments, could improve the outplanting performance of aspen seedlings, particularly those planted during summer and fall.

摘要： The FASB has converged SFAS 123R with IFRS No.2, which simultaneously defines that the value of stock compensation is an expense under fair value method that must be recognized in the current statement of operations. However, under the fair value method, volatility of the market value of stock is easily subjected to the business cycle, political condition, managerial behavior, and macroeconomic factors, which results in a poor explanatory index than par value method. This paper limits the research target to stock option and restricted stock as incentive vehicles only, and investigates separately influence of stock compensation on firm"s financial performance under par value and fair value. According to the empirical results by examining the S&P 1,500 Super Composite indices with sample period from 2006 to 2008, growth, firm size, and fixed asset turnover are all significant and positively correlated with EPS; debt ratio is significant and negatively correlated with EPS. Stock compensation presented in par value is significant in t value and increases EPS by 0.68% while stock compensation presented in fair value is not. Stock compensation presented in par value of 60.5% R-square seems that there’s no better explanation on the firm’s financial performance than that in fair value of 60.2%. Therefore, using the fair value method does not sway the influence of stock compensation on firm"s financial performance.

关键词： Ownership structure   Chinese stock market   Financial reform   Corporate governance   Privatization   Neglected stocks  

摘要： During 2005-2006, the Chinese government implemented the split share structure reform, aimed at eliminating non-tradable shares (NTS), i.e. the shares typically held by the State or by politically connected institutional investors that were issued at the early stage of financial market development. Our analysis, based on the time series of risk factors and on the cross-section of abnormal returns. confirms that the split share structure reform was particularly beneficial for small stocks, stocks characterized by historically poor returns, stocks issued by companies with low transparency and weak governance, and for less liquid stocks. Historically neglected stocks also witnessed an increase in the volume of trading and market prices. We conclude that the reform laid down the conditions for important future changes in ownership, liquidity and corporate governance in China. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Meretrix meretrix   Vibrio-resistance   Lysozyme   SNPs  

摘要： I-type lysozyme is considered to play crucial roles in both anti-bacteria and digestion function of the bivalve, which signifies that it is related to both immunity and growth. In this study, based on the principle of case-control association analysis, using the stock materials with different vibrio-resistance profile obtained by selective breeding, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA partial sequence of an i-type lysozyme of Meretrix meretrix (MmeLys) were discovered and examined for their association with vibrio-resistance and growth. Twenty-seven SNPs were detected and fifteen of them were genotyped in clam stocks with different resistance to Vibrio harveyi (09-C and 09-R) and to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (11-S and 11-R). Allele frequency distribution among different stocks was compared. And wet weight of clams with different genotype at each SNP locus was compared. The results indicated that SNP locus 9 was associated with V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus resistance and growth of M. meretrix. Loci 12 and 14 were associated with both V. parahaemolyticus-resistance and growth, and also have the potential to be related with V harveyi-resistance of M. meretrix. Therefore these three SNPs especially locus 9 were the potential markers which may be involved in assisting resistance selective breeding. In addition, this study showed evidence that improvements in clam resistance to vibriosis could be achieved through selective breeding. All results provided encouragement for the continuation of the selective breeding program for vibrio-resistance gain in clam M. meretrix and the application of polymorphisms in MmeLys to the future marker assisted selection. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stock-return exposure   Real estate risk   Arbitrage pricing theory (APT)   Two-factor model   Risk premium  

摘要： The value of a hospitality firm is often believed to be dependent on the market price of the properties they own. However, the core business of a hospitality firm is the production of products and services. Since the real estate assets are depreciated throughout their useful life, short-term covariance of firm value with real estate prices seems implausible. Using a two-factor model, the current study examined the real estate exposure of US hospitality firms through daily stock return data from 2005 to 2009. Results indicate that the majority (88%) of the hospitality firms were exposed to real estate risk at some point during the sample period, while the second-stage analysis of real estate betas suggests that exposure is conditional on the financial status of the hospitality firm. Implications and suggestions for future research are presented with the findings of the study. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Value Relevance   Accounting Earnings   Panel Cointegration   Panel Granger Causality Test  

摘要： This paper aims to examine the relationship between accounting earnings and stock market returns by using Panel Granger Causality test in Turkish Banking Sector. We used data for banks which are traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange from the period between 2000- 2010. The findings reveal that there is two way relationship between stock returns and accounting earnings supporting the relevance theory. Investors get abnormal returns in Turkish banking sector by using accounting earnings. This paper contributes to the literature since it test the hypotheses which is not tested before in Turkey.

关键词： 规模以上工业增加值   安徽省   同比增长   工业经济运行   宏观经济环境   骨干企业   决策部署   重点行业  

摘要： 今年以来，面对日益复杂的宏观经济环境，安徽省委、省政府审时度势、超前谋划，在全国率先出台促进经济平稳较快发展的一系列决策部署。省经信委等有关部门加强工业经济运行监测调度与分析，抓好重点行业、重要骨干企业、重点产品和重要生产要素的运行监控，出台政策措施，切实帮助企业解决实际困难，工业经济运行势头平稳、总体向好。一季度工业经济运行平稳开局，二季度主要指标稳中趋升，4月、5月和6月份，规模以上工业增加值增速分别达到14．8％、15．7％和16．3％。安徽主要指标好于全国领先中部。

关键词： 收益现值法   专利技术   价值评估  

摘要： 收益现值法较全面地考虑了影响收益的各种因素,能真实、较准确地反映本金化的价格,应用该方法评估的技术资产价格容易为供求双方所接受。本文详细阐述了专利技术价值的各种影响因素和利用收益现值法进行专利技术公允价值评估的思路,并在此基础上分析了实际应用专利技术公允价值评估收益现值法的步骤和方法。

关键词： 产业用纺织品   运行分析   行业   宏观经济环境   优势   经营   骨干企业   国民经济  

摘要： 2012年我国宏观经济环境没有得到根本改善，国民经济下行压力加大，国际上主要经济体的复苏与增长乏力，产业用纺织品行业主要产品需求不旺，再加之部分生产要素成本居高不下，全行业上半年的主要经济指标增速出现明显下滑，企业的投资意愿不强，出口与去年同期基本持平。尽管面临多种不利因素，行业内的骨干企业凭借技术、