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关键词： Ternary ring of operators   C*-ternary ring   Associative triple system   Hilbert module   Ternary category   Arens multiplication  

摘要： T*-categories are introduced as a ternary generalization of C*-categories. Their linking C*-categories are constructed and the Gelfand-Naimark representation theorems of Zettl for C*-ternary rings and for W*-ternary rings, are generalized to T*-categories. Biduals of C*-categories and of T*-categories are considered. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dietary pattern   Epidemiology   Nutrition   Type 2 diabetes   Ultra-processed food  

摘要： Background The overall consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has previously been associated with type 2 diabetes. However, due to the substantial heterogeneity of this food category, in terms of their nutritional composition and product type, it remains unclear whether previous results apply to all underlying consumption patterns of UPF. Methods Of 70,421 participants (35-70 years, 58.6% women) from the Lifelines cohort study, dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. UPF was identified according to the NOVA classification. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to derive UPF consumption patterns. The associations of UPF and adherence to UPF consumption patterns with incidence of type 2 diabetes were studied with logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, diet quality, energy intake, alcohol intake, physical activity, TV watching time, smoking status, and educational level. Results During a median follow-up of 41 months, a 10% increment in UPF consumption was associated with a 25% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (1128 cases;OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.16, 1.34]). PCA revealed four habitual UPF consumption patterns. A pattern high in cold savory snacks (OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.09, 1.22]) and a pattern high in warm savory snacks (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.08, 1.21]) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes;a pattern high in traditional Dutch cuisine was not associated with type 2 diabetes incidence (OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.97, 1.14]), while a pattern high in sweet snacks and pastries was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.76, 0.89]). Conclusions The heterogeneity of UPF as a general food category is reflected by the discrepancy in associations between four distinct UPF consumption patterns and incident type 2 diabetes. For better public health prevention, research is encouraged to further clarify how different UPF consumption patterns are related to type 2 diabetes.

关键词： directional constructions   Chinese   Root property   Spatial Aspect   parametric studies  

摘要： The complexity of the directional construction in Chinese involves the following factors: (a) it can take a single directional item as the predicate;(b) two directional items can cooccur to serve as the predicate;(c) one or two directional items can be attached to a matrix verb in a single clause;(d) if more than one directional item is involved, their linear order can differ. I propose that the leading factor behind this complexity is that in Chinese a single Root can take different categories when merged in different syntactic positions. Therefore, the same directional item may in fact have the phonological form of a verb, a preposition, a part of a single preposition, or even a spatial aspectual marker in different directional constructions. I then place this account within the context of parametric studies of motion event constructions, showing that two new dimensions can be added: the special property of Roots in a language and the existence of Spatial Aspect in at least some languages.

关键词： facial expressions   emotion categories   affective dimensions   communication   perception   data-driven methods   information theory   reverse correlation  

摘要： Human facial expressions are complex, multi-component signals that can communicate rich information about emotions,(1-5) including specific categories, such as "anger," and broader dimensions, such as "negative valence, high arousal."(6-8) An enduring question is how this complex signaling is achieved. Communication theory predicts that multi-component signals could transmit each type of emotion information-i.e., specific categories and broader dimensions-via the same or different facial signal components, with implications for elucidating the system and ontology of facial expression communication.(9) We addressed this question using a communication-systems-based method that agnostically generates facial expressions and uses the receiver's perceptions to model the specific facial signal components that represent emotion category and dimensional information to them.(10)(-12) First, we derived the facial expressions that elicit the perception of emotion categories (Le., the six classic emotions(13) plus 19 complex emotions(3)) and dimensions (i.e., valence and arousal) separately, in 60 individual participants. Comparison of these facial signals showed that they share subsets of components, suggesting that specific latent signals jointly represent-i.e., multiplex-categorical and dimensional information. Further examination revealed these specific latent signals and the joint information they represent. Our results-based on white Western participants, same-ethnicity face stimuli, and commonly used English emotion terms-show that facial expressions can jointly represent specific emotion categories and broad dimensions to perceivers via multiplexed facial signal components. Our results provide insights into the ontology and system of facial expression communication and a new information-theoretic framework that can characterize its complexities.

关键词： Commissioning   Startup   Industrial construction   Solution strategies   Qualitative coding   High-value   low-effort strategies  

摘要： Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand distinct solution strategy types for common commissioning and startup problems (Hot Spots) in the construction of industrial facilities. The authors also sought to better understand which solution strategy types offer the best value for the effort required. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a method of qualitative coding of text-based data to identify themes, patterns and trends from a collection of 178 commissioning and startup (CSU) solution strategies for the CSU Hot Spots. Coding categories emerged after multiple iterations. The authors also mapped high-value, low-effort solution strategies across the categories. Chi-squared testing and analysis of proportion statistics help quantitatively justify this qualitative research. Findings The authors identified 12 distinct coding categories and showed that they follow a non-uniform distribution via statistical testing. Those strategy types which provide particularly good value for the effort required are identified (such as quality assurance and control strategies), as well as those strategy types that do not. Research limitations/implications Research is limited to CSU for the construction of industrial facilities. The findings are also limited to a subset of the most commonly problematic CSU activities. Many findings may be beneficial for heavy civil and commercial CSU as well. Practical implications Coding categories, definitions and descriptions provide a good overview of all 178 solution strategies for CSU project professionals. Implementing certain types of solutions or solution programs may allow CSU managers to prevent multiple Hot Spots from becoming problematic or to keep problems already occurring from becoming worse. Managers will also benefit from knowledge about which strategy types are more likely to give a higher value for lower effort. Originality/value Qualitative coding and analysis of solution strategies for common CSU problems ha

关键词： 工程管理   管理范畴   重要性  

摘要： 我国目前正处于社会和经济发展的黄金时代,建筑工程项目日益增加。做好项目的经营,合理增加项目的经济价值,才能推动国家的正常发展。工程管理是对项目的质量、投资、进度进行有效控制,能够使项目的整体造价得到显著的提升。同时,工程管理涉及面广,在实施过程中会遇到一些困难。在这个阶段,许多工程管理只是形式的,不能真正落地实施,这导致进度缓慢。要科学合理地规划和管理工程项目,需要全面落实各方面的工作安排,实施工程管理制度,进一步促进施工企业的稳定和可持续发展。本文对工程管理的基本内容进行了探讨,并对我国社会主义市场经济体制下的工程管理问题进行探讨,明确工程管理的范畴及重要性。

关键词： 登记管理机关   房地产估价师   评估专家   出版刊物   告知书   专家鉴定   实施方案   发改委  

摘要： 案情简要某市房地产评估师协会系某市民政局登记的社会团体,登记的业务范围为:估价行业信息交流、咨询、培训、服务,出版刊物,鉴定,调处争议。2021年4月8日,某市民政局收到于某提交的举报材料,反映"1.某市房地产估价师协会的评估专家委员会专家鉴定已经被某市发改委认定为‘红顶中介’。根据《某市进一步推进‘红顶中介’专项整治实施方案》清理规范各类‘红顶中介’的规定,该局应该彻查清理,取消该协会在本市范围内办理评估专家委员会鉴定的资质。

关键词： “和”   修辞范畴   政教视角   语义  

摘要： "和"作为中华民族文化的一个重要范畴,对音乐、饮食、哲学、中医等各个领域都产生了极其深远的影响。文章从当下研究切入较少的修辞方向入手,站在"和"的政教视角,结合"和"本体及其延伸语词实例,探讨分析政治话语场中出现的"和"及其参构词"和×"的语义及其现代转型意义。

关键词： 《世说新语》   趋向词   原型范畴理论   上  

摘要： “上”是汉语使用频率最高、用法最复杂的词语之一。历经演变，其词性和语义都发生了很大的变化。前人对于现代汉语、方言中“上”这一趋向词，多将其作为方位词或单独作为动词进行研究，忽略了其语义历史发展过程中的变化性，缺乏对该词不同词性以及语义之间的内部关系的探究。《世说新语》是中古汉语资料的典范,本文将通过语料库检索该文献中的“上”语料,从原型范畴理论探究其原型语义与家族成员语义之间的离散性，分析魏晋南北朝时期趋向词“上”的词性和语义变化情况，揭示中古时期汉语趋向词的发展规律与空间认知规律。

关键词： 认知语言学   英语词汇教学   原型范畴理论  

摘要： 词汇是构成语言的三大要素之一。词汇教学也是英语教学中的一项重要任务，它既是英语教学的基础，也是教学的重难点所在。如何提升英语词汇教学质量是当下教育工作者重点关心的问题。先前的一系列相关研究表明，认知语言学的相关理论对英语词汇教学有一定的指导作用，是提升英语词汇教学质量的有效手段。文章以原型范畴理论为出发点，以英语介词“in”为例，就认知语言学相关理论对英语词汇教学的作用进行详细阐述，以期给教育者提供一定的教学参考。