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关键词： 傅山   书法   自然   范畴  

摘要： 历代书论中均把“自然”列为最高艺术品位，这是中国传统艺术的一个重要特点。“自然”超越了外在形式技巧层面的巧，追求的是率意自在的表达。明末清初之际，帖学的发展走向了鼎盛，傅山作为明末清初的书法家，他极力反对柔媚书风，他在理论和实践中都推崇“天机自然之美”，追求自然而然的表达。在中国书法艺术中，“自然美”是许多书家一生的追求。本文从傅山“自然”思想形成的渊源，和“自然”思想在他的书论以及实践中是如何体现的，从而把这种“自然”的精神于当代传承下去。

关键词： 风格   形式   感知   变形   争执  

摘要： 从现象学角度来看,艺术风格作为一种可见的现象始于画家知觉中世界的变形。基于变形,风格吸引我们去关注画布现实性的笔触纹路的显现与非现实性事物的显现之间的争执实现过程。这种关于风格的现象学阐释有助于克服沃尔夫林基于形式的风格研究屡遭指责的弱点,为美术史的风格研究提供了一种新的进路。

摘要： 随着当今世界全球化进入新的阶段，“艺术无国界”这一特性将会越来越明显。打击乐作为当代音乐门类的一种，其发展历史十分长久，在不同国家有着不同的表演形式。虽然在风格和文化背景等方面存在着较大的差异，但音乐在情感表达和创作方式等方面有着一定的共性。将二者进行融合创作，中西合璧，可以使音乐的艺术价值更为独特。

关键词： 马克思恩格斯   无产阶级   雇佣劳动   先进生产力   革命性  

摘要： 马克思恩格斯立足于他们所处时代的社会现实,描述了工业革命和资本主义生产方式的发展过程,并由此形成了“无产阶级”范畴的三个本质规定:从属于资本,不拥有生产资料但从事资本主义雇佣劳动;掌握先进生产力与文化;是革命的主体,具有真正的革命性与实践性。他们以实证科学的方法而不是哲学思辨的方式描述了无产阶级如何由他们自在的存在生成为具有普遍性和革命性的自为阶级。马克思恩格斯对何谓无产阶级本质的规定以及如何生成的描述,为判断形形色色的无产阶级理论提供了理论指南和方法论指导。

关键词： 气韵   均   气   运动   节奏   感性  

摘要： 对"韵"字进行追本溯源的考察,明确其音乐本义后再出发,能为"气韵"研究带来新进展,澄清许多问题。"韵"字古与"均"通,本义为十二律吕及其相生运转,源于运化宇宙万物的阴阳二气运动的节奏。"节奏"是朝向一个目标不断推进、连续而规律变化的过程,"韵"是"气"有节奏地运动在声音这一感性形式中的显现。人物品评、文论与画论对"韵"的使用,皆是对此含义的引申:"韵"为"‘气’有节奏地运动的感性显现"——或显现为声音,或显现为笔墨。

关键词： 算了   范畴   去范畴化  

摘要： 由动词"算"和助词"了"结合形成的"算了"具有作罢之意,表示某件事、某个动作不再进行、结束等意义,一般在句子中能做谓语,具有概念性意义。"算了"的虚化过程实际上是去范畴化过程,"算了"的去范畴化过程实际上就是逐渐失去原型范畴特征的过程,从具有作罢之意的"算了"到语气词"算了",语气词"算了"去范畴化形成话语标记"算了"过程,从句法、语义和语用三个层面对"算了"进行分析研究,考察"算了"去范畴化过程。

关键词： 认知翻译学   范畴化   范畴转换  

摘要： 作为一种认知活动,翻译的基础是范畴转换,而认知翻译学是通过认知语言学的理论来研究翻译现象和翻译问题,因此翻译中的范畴转换是认知翻译学中的重要研究问题,对于翻译理论的发展具有一定的推动作用.本文基于认知语言学的范畴观,从认知翻译学的视角出发,对非语言范畴转换模式提出新的思考,并进一步分析影响非语言范畴转换的因素.研究发现,非语言范畴转换模式中的错位范畴转换模式可以进一步细化为同级再范畴化和跨级再范畴化,其中包含原型再范畴化的特殊模式;空缺范畴转换模式可以进一步细化为实体范畴再范畴化、抽象范畴再范畴化以及实体抽象范畴间跨范畴化.影响非语言范畴转换的因素主要有具身认知性、文化依存性和译者主体性.

关键词： 出版学   逻辑起点   知识存在方式  

摘要： 突破以描述过程来定义出版的认识局限,探寻"什么是出版"这一出版学理论的核心范畴,分析出版学逻辑起点质的规定性。发现出版是人类知识活动范畴中的独有的文化现象,知识存在方式是出版学理论的起始范畴和始自对象,出版学应当以此为逻辑起点,以知识生产和知识服务为逻辑中介,以出版活动基本规律的总结和把握作为逻辑终点重构理论体系。

关键词： Breast cancer   Recurrence score   Machine learning   Risk prediction  

摘要： Purpose Routine use of the oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) in patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) breast cancer is limited internationally by cost and availability. We created a supervised machine learning model using clinicopathologic variables to predict RS risk category in patients aged over 50 years. Methods From January 2012 to December 2018, we identified patients aged over 50 years with T1-2, ER+/HER2-, node-negative tumors. Clinicopathologic data and RS results were randomly split into training and validation cohorts. A random forest model with 500 trees was developed on the training cohort, using age, pathologic tumor size, histology, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and grade as predictors. We predicted risk category (low: RS <= 25, high: RS > 25) using the validation cohort. Results Of the 3880 tumors identified, 1293 tumors comprised the validation cohort in patients of median (IQR) age 62 years (56-68) with median (IQR) tumor size 1.2 cm (0.8-1.7). Most tumors were invasive ductal (80.3%) of low-intermediate grade (80.5%) without LVI (80.9%). PR expression was <= 20% in 27.3% of tumors. Specificity for identifying RS <= 25 was 96.3% (95% CI 95.0-97.4) and the negative predictive value was 92.9% (95% CI 91.2-94.4). Sensitivity and positive predictive value for predicting RS > 25 was lower (48.3 and 65.1%, respectively). Conclusion Our model was highly specific for identifying eligible patients aged over 50 years for whom chemotherapy can be omitted. Following external validation, it may be used to triage patients for RS testing, if predicted to be high risk, in resource-limited settings.

关键词： category spanning   community analysis   demand-side strategy   quantitative analysis   restaurant industry  

摘要： Research Summary This study investigates the relationships between consumer income, consumer education, and firms' propensities to span multiple market categories. Despite their positive correlation, I theorize contrasting effects of income and education on firms' variety-enhancing spanning. Specifically, I propose that the strong purchasing power of high-income communities should reduce the need for firms to operate in multiple categories, but culturally omnivorous preferences among educated elites should encourage firms' spanning. Analyses of 6,072 restaurants in a metropolitan area and a large-scale survey offer support for these predictions. Education, though not income, has a further positive effect on firms' atypicality-enhancing spanning. This study contributes to category and management research by focusing on audience heterogeneity as important antecedents of firms' action and explicating the multifaceted nature of spanning. Managerial Summary This study examines how restaurants decide their culinary categories and menus depending on residents' income and education levels of a city they are located in. I find restaurants in higher-income communities tend to be more specialized in a single or fewer categories while those in lower-income communities are more likely to diversify into multiple categories to reach a broader customer base. By comparison, restaurants in more educated communities tend to diversify into multiple categories and provide fusion food because educated cultural omnivores like to explore novelty. These findings imply that retail firms should consider the separate effects of income and education levels of target consumers in determining their business scope and product portfolio.