学科服务 更多>>

关键词： Tumor budding   Colorectal cancer  

摘要： Tumor budding scoring guidelines from the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) for colorectal cancer propose three groups: BD1 (0-4 buds/0.785 mm(2)), BD2 (5-9 buds/0.785 mm(2)), and BD3 (10 or more buds/0.785 mm(2)). Here, we investigate whether a fourth scoring category, namely zero buds, may have additional clinical relevance. The number of tumor buds/0.785 mm(2) was scored in 959 cases. Those with zero tumor buds were considered BD0, while a new BD1 category of 1-4 buds was proposed. Associations of both scoring approaches with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Conventional ITBCC scoring showed expected associations with unfavorable histopathological prognostic factors. In total, 111/959 (11.6%) were BD0. A significant difference was found when BD0 was compared statistically to BD1 (1-4 buds) for pT, TNM, tumor grade, and lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion (p < 0.01, all). Tumors with BD0 occur relatively frequently and contribute additional information on tumor behavior. BD0 should be considered for subsequent ITBCC guidelines.

关键词： n-Angulated category   Idempotent completion   Mapping cone  

摘要： Let C be an n-angulated category. We prove that its idempotent completion (C) over tilde admits a unique n-angulated structure such that the canonical functor. : C -> (C) over tilde is n-angulated. Moreover, the functor iota induces an equivalence Hom(n-ang)((C) over tilde, D) congruent to Hom(n-ang)(C, D) for any idempotent complete n-angulated category D, where Hom(n-ang) denotes the category of n-angulated functors.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging   BI-RADS 3   Follow-up studies   Breast cancer  

摘要： Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of malignancy of synchronous Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 lesions identified by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast cancer that were followed up rather than biopsied. Methods From electronic medical records, we identified 99 patients treated in our institution for whom preoperative breast MRI identified synchronous BI-RADS 3 lesions. Lesion characteristics, rate of second-look ultrasonography (US), rate of collegial decision-making, and rate of biopsies performed during the period of monitoring were analyzed. Results Second-look US was performed in 96 of 99 patients and did not reveal any lesion. Collegial decision-making for follow-up validation was asked in 32%. The median time to last MRI was 24.4 months (interquartile range [IQR] [19.3;36.3]). The median follow-up was 39 months (IQR [28;52]). Two cancers were diagnosed, one at 5 months and one at 26 months of follow-up. The incidence of malignancy of followed up synchronous BI-RADS category 3 lesions was 1.0% (95% CI [0.1%;7.1%]) at 6 months and 2.2% (95% CI [0.6%;8.6%]) at 30 months. Conclusion Monitoring could be proposed for synchronous BI-RADS category 3 lesions detected in preoperative breast cancer patients. A continued follow-up beyond 2 years could be of benefit.

关键词： Weighted limit   Homotopy limit   (infinity,1)-category   Join   Slice  

摘要： We introduce the notion of weighted limit in an arbitrary quasi-category, suitably generalizing ordinary limits in a quasi-category, and classical weighted limits in an ordinary category. This is accomplished by generalizing Joyal's approach: we identify a meaningful construction for the quasi-category of weighted cones over a diagram in a quasi-category, whose terminal object is the weighted limit of the considered diagram. We then show that each weighted limit can be expressed as an ordinary limit. When the quasi-category arises as the homotopy coherent nerve of a category enriched over Kan complexes, we generalize an argument by Riehl-Verity to show that the weighted limit agrees with the homotopy weighted limit in the sense of enriched category theory, for which explicit constructions are available. When the quasi-category is complete, tensored and cotensored over the quasi-category of spaces, we discuss a possible comparison of our definition of weighted limit with the approach by Gepner-Haugseng-Nikolaus.

关键词： Language development   Vocabulary comprehension   Socioeconomic disparities   Children  

摘要： This study documents the effects of social inequality on different dimensions of lexical comprehension in Spanish-speaking Argentinian toddlers, a population in which socioeconomic differences are more striking than in previously studied populations. Using a performance-based forced-choice lexical recognition task implemented on a tablet, an adaptation of the Computerized Comprehension Task (CCT;Friend and Keplinger. Journal of Child Language, 35(01), 77-98. 2003), recognition accuracy and haptic response time to nouns, verbs, and adjectives were assessed. Low and middle (socioeconomic status) SES toddlers (N = 113) were tested at the daycares they attended. Results of the regression analyses showed overall SES effects on recognition accuracy but not on response time. Further analyses that considered the lexical category identified that middle SES children were only more accurate on the recognition of nouns and adjectives but not verbs. Findings also indicated that while low SES children showed longer response times to adjectives than to the other lexical categories, middle SES response times were longer in the case of verbs. The discussion links SES differences in children performance to previous evidence regarding the characteristics of both groups of children's linguistic experiences in the ebb and flow of everyday life.

关键词： Extriangulated categories   Closed subbifunctors   Defects  

摘要： We give a classification of substructures (= closed subbifunctors) of a given skeletally small extriangulated category by using the category of defects, in a similar way to the author's classification of exact structures of a given additive category. More precisely, for an extriangulated category, possible substructures are in bijection with Serre subcategories of an abelian category consisting of defects of conflations. As a byproduct, we prove that for a given skeletally small additive category, the poset of exact structures on it is isomorphic to the poset of Serre subcategories of some abelian category.

关键词： Constraint satisfaction problem   omega-categorical   solving equational systems   pseudo-Siggers   minor-preserving map   complexity dichotomy   model complete core  

摘要： We study the computational complexity of deciding whether a given set of term equalities and inequalities has a solution in an omega-categorical algebra U. There are omega-categorical groups where this problem is undecidable. We show that if U is an omega-categorical semilattice or an abelian group, then the problem is in P or NP-hard. The hard cases are precisely those where Pol(U,not equal) has a uniformly continuous minor-preserving map to the clone of projections on a two-element set. The results provide information about algebras U such that Pol(U,not equal) does not satisfy this condition, and they are of independent interest in universal algebra. In our proofs we rely on the Barto-Pinsker theorem about the existence of pseudo-Siggers polymorphisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the pseudo-Siggers identity has been used to prove a complexity dichotomy.

关键词： Bayesian model selection   Categorical data   Graphical model   Markov equivalence  

摘要： Learning the structure of dependence relations between variables is a pervasive issue in the statistical literature. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) can represent a set of conditional independencies, but different DAGs may encode the same set of relations and are indistinguishable using observational data. Equivalent DAGs can be collected into classes, each represented by a partially directed graph known as essential graph (EG). Structure learning directly conducted on the EG space, rather than on the allied space of DAGs, leads to theoretical and computational benefits. Still, the majority of efforts has been dedicated to Gaussian data, with less attention to methods designed for multivariate categorical data. A Bayesian methodology for structure learning of categorical EGs is then proposed. Combining a constructive parameter prior elicitation with a graph-driven likelihood decomposition, a closed-form expression for the marginal likelihood of a categorical EG model is derived. Asymptotic properties are studied, and an MCMC sampler scheme developed for approximate posterior inference. The methodology is evaluated on both simulated scenarios and real data, with appreciable performance in comparison with state-of-the-art methods. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Categorical modeling   Pharmacometrics   Preference   Hedonic   PKPD  

摘要： The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate approaches of linked categorical models using individual predictions of probability. A model was developed using data from a study which assessed the perception of sweetness, creaminess, and pleasantness in dairy solutions containing variable concentrations of sugar and fat. Ordered categorical models were used to predict the individual sweetness and creaminess scores and these individual predictions were used as covariates in the model of pleasantness response. The model using individual predictions was compared to a previously developed model using the amount of fat and sugar as covariates driving pleasantness score. The model using the individual prediction of odds of sweetness and creaminess had a lower variability of pleasantness than the model using the content of sugar and fat in the test solutions, which indicates that the individual odds explain part of the variability in pleasantness. Additionally, simultaneous and sequential modeling approaches were compared for the linked categorical model. Parameter estimation was similar, but precision was better with sequential modeling approaches compared to the simultaneous modeling approach. The previous model characterizing the pleasantness response was improved by using individual predictions of sweetness and creaminess rather than the amount of fat and sugar in the solution. The application of this approach provides an advancement within categorical modeling showing how categorical models can be linked to enable the utilization of individual prediction. This approach is aligned with biology of taste sensory which is reflective of the individual perception of sweetness and creaminess, rather than the amount of fat and sugar in the solution.

关键词： Trace metals   FAAS   Diagnosis   Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis  

摘要： Background: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) category IV prostatitis is a painless prostate gland inflammation, just as its name implies, this type of prostatitis is related with inflammation of the prostate, but most men are not conscious of it. However, category IV prostatitis is fairly common in general populations and reported having indirect relationships with prostate cancer. Method: We analyzed the concentration of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and serum of patients with category IV prostatitis and healthy controls, investigating the diagnostic potential of different metals in category IV prostatitis using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Results: Metal concentration combined clinical characteristics analysis suggested that average level of Zn, Ca, Mg were significantly lower in the EPS of patients with category IV prostatitis (P-value< 0.000), while Cu level raised obviously (P-value< 0.000). And in the serum, mean concentrations of Ca was also found to increase significantly in the patients with category IV prostatitis compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated that age showed a positive correlation with EPS Zn, Ca, Mg concentration (P-value< 0.05), while albumin correlates with EPS Zn, Ca, Mg concentration reversely (P-value< 0.05) in patients with category IV prostatitis. Conclusion: Our report revealed that determination of the metal elements zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium in the serum and EPS could be a new and promising strategy for the rapid diagnosis of category IV prostatitis.