学科服务 更多>>

关键词： Brand extension   Brand concept   Subordinate categories   Retailing  

摘要： In this paper, we use a series of experimental studies to show that consumers' response to the extension of a brand associated with a basic versus a sub-category depends on the closeness of the brand's parent and extension categories. When the two categories are close, consumers respond more favorably to the extension of a brand with a basic category concept, but the pattern reverses when the categories are far apart. However, a brand with a basic category concept can mitigate its disadvantage in a distant category by first launching an intervening line extension. Our results suggest that brands with sub-category concepts are not limited in their ability to extend, and can help retailers meet the twin objectives of leveraging the high growth of specialized categories and rationalizing their brand portfolio. They also suggest that managers should aim to extend brands with sub-category concepts into distant categories where the modifier in the brand concept is relevant rather than into close categories. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of New York University.

关键词： disease categories   health prioritization   MCDA   resource allocation  

摘要： Objectives: Historically, resource allocation decisions in healthcare are based on univariate approaches, inevitably overlooking value dimensions that are essential from a societal welfare maximization perspective. This article aims to present a wider perspective on decision making that incorporates societal values when prioritizing future resource allocation among disease areas. Methods: Sociotechnical application of multiple-criteria decision analysis with a set of criteria (value judgments) that are based on positive as well as normative dimensions of resource allocation. We use Greece as a case study. Societal value judgments were sourced via a multidisciplinary panel of experts who collectively provided criteria weights and scores for each alternative (16 disease categories, classified according to the Global Burden of Disease study) against each criterion. An additive value function provided the total value in priority preference for each alternative. Results: The criteria that were deemed relevant to the decision-making process and their respective relative weights were burden of disease (0.245), capacity to benefit (0.190), direct cost and projected changes in the next 5 years (0.160), indirect cost (0.132), intensity of unmet needs (0.109), incidence of catastrophic expenditure (0.091), and caring externalities (0.073). The additive value function revealed that the top 5 priorities in highest total value scores were neoplasms, circulatory diseases, injuries, neurologic diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusions: Incorporation of societal value criteria in resource allocation decisions can highlight priorities and lead to different sets of planning decisions than solely demand-driven allocation.

关键词： Problematizing low SES   Social epidemiology   Health inequality   Categorisation   Science and policy  

摘要： We examine how the category of low socioeconomic status (LSES) was constructed in European social epidemiological research and policy advice from 1977 to 2019. We analysed 22 empirical social epidemiological research publications on LSES and health, as well as six scientific advisory reports that offered government officials an overview of scientific evidence on health inequalities. We show the construction and reification of LSES as a problematic group in dominant thought, which consists of the following components: 1) the proliferation of SES concepts, indicators and groups labelled LSES;2) generalisation through which LSES is constructed as a single population;3) problematisation through which LSES is constructed as an inherently unhealthy population;and 4) individualisation by which a LSES personality is presented as an explanation of health differences. We also show how this knowledge is extrapolated into the policy domain in the form of scientific advisory reports. These findings provide evidence of the construction of LSES as an inherently unhealthy population through hyperproliferation and references to the objectivity of scientific research. With respect to the LSES category, the dynamics of research and policy resemble those regarding categories of ethnicity and gender. We conclude that if the construction of LSES remains unquestioned, social epidemiology might continue to (re)produce what it examines: LSES populations 'known to be unhealthy'.

关键词： Abelian category   Grothendieck category   Atom spectrum   Ziegler spectrum   Localizing subcategory   Krull-Gabriel dimension  

摘要： We introduce the extension groups between atoms in an abelian category. For a locally noetherian Grothendieck category, the localizing subcategories closed under injective envelopes are characterized in terms of those extension groups. We also introduce the virtual duals of the extension groups between atoms to measure the global dimension of the category. A new topological property of atom spectra is revealed and it is used to relate the projective dimensions of atoms with the Krull-Gabriel dimensions. As a byproduct of the topological observation, we show that there exists a spectral space that is not homeomorphic to the atom spectrum of any abelian category. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 55P42   55P91 (primary)  

摘要： In this paper, we construct incomplete versions of the equivariant stable category;that is, equivariant stabilizations of the category of G-spaces with respect to incomplete systems of transfers encoded by an N infinity operad O. These categories are built from the categories of O-algebras in G-spaces. Using this operadic formulation, we establish incomplete versions of the usual structural properties of the equivariant stable category, notably the tom Dieck splitting. Our work is motivated in part by the examples arising from the equivariant units and Picard space functors.

关键词： Clustering   Indiscernibility relation   Rough sets   Supplier base management   Value set  

摘要： Significant business implications and effective handling of supply side exceptions require a successful Supplier Base Management (SBM). The process of clustering manages the number of suppliers by grouping them on the basis of similar characteristics that reduces the number of variables impacting the operations. Several existing categorical clustering techniques for such grouping contributed well than their predecessors however, the accuracy, uncertainty, entropy and computation are key measures need to be improved. Especially, the existing clustering techniques cluster randomly in case of independent and insignificant type of data. The aim of this research is to introduce a novel rough value set based categorical clustering technique named Maximum Value Attribute (MVA). The proposed MVA techniques overcome the issues of existing techniques by combining the concept of Number of Automated Clusters (NoACs) with rough value set which makes it novel and significant clustering idea. Few relevant and necessary propositions are illustrated to prove the effectiveness of NoACs. The existing and proposed rough sets based and classical categorical clustering techniques are compared in terms of purity, entropy, accuracy, rough accuracy, time and iterations. Experimental results based on a SBM and fifteen (15) benchmark data sets reveal better performance of MVA. The experimental results show significant overall percentage improvement of proposed MVA technique against existing rough based techniques for iterations (99.7%), time (99.4%), number of obtained clusters (84%), purity (32%), entropy (32%), accuracy (20%), and rough accuracy (13%).

关键词： Fatty acids  

摘要： The research studies constituents of fatty acids (FA) in coffee beans to identify their categories. Since FA are the fundamental constituents of coffee aroma and flavor, challenges occur to classify the beans' original species in the roasted state. The examined samples in this study cover 74 coffee beans from different origins and are separated into Arabica and Robusta species based on their FA composition. This research develops a discriminant strategy to identify categories of examined coffee beans. This study analyzes an experimental dataset using multiple data structure strategies during the identification process, which are different from traditional approaches that aim to improve coffee bean species classification and recognition rate. Furthermore, the developed coffee bean identification strategies implement various normalization and error analyses during the data reasoning process. This research concludes that FA C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 own essential characteristics for the coffee beans. Practical applications This research develops an innovative strategy to identify coffee beans in well-known categories and implements various normalization and error analyses during the data processing process. The developed model solves the information loss problem due to data normalization and improves the accuracy of coffee been classification. Consequently, the study concludes that fatty acids C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 characterize essential features for coffee beans, and the research results balance fundamental chemistry and engineering principles and serve the general food processing and preservation technology industries.

关键词： Cognitive aging   Exercise   Longevity   Successful aging  

摘要： Background: Given increasing incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia, further understanding of modifiable factors contributing to increased healthspan is crucial. Extensive literature provides evidence that physical activity (PA) delays the onset of cognitive impairment;however, it is unclear whether engaging in PA in older adulthood is sufficient to influence progression through cognitive status categories. Method: Applying a coordinated analysis approach, this project independently analyzed 14 longitudinal studies (N-Total = 52 039;mean baseline age across studies = 69.9-81.73) from North America and Europe using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of engaging in PA on cognitive status transitions (nonimpaired, mildly impaired, severely impaired) and death. Multinomial regression models were fit to estimate life expectancy (LE) based on American PA recommendations. Meta-analyses provided the pooled effect sizes for the role of PA on each transition and estimated LEs. Results: Controlling for baseline age, sex, education, and chronic conditions, analyses revealed that more PA is significantly associated with decreased risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and death, as well as substantially longer LE. Results also provided evidence for a protective effect of PA after onset of cognitive impairment (eg, decreased risk of transitioning from mild-to-severe cognitive impairment;increased likelihood of transitioning backward from severe-to-mild cognitive impairment), though between-study heterogeneity suggests a less robust association. Conclusions: These results yield evidence for the importance of engaging in PA in older adulthood for cognitive health, and a rationale for motivating older adults to engage consistently in PA.

关键词： Malformations of cortical development   Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy   Gray matter heterotopia  

摘要： Purpose To figure out the spectra features of malformations of cortical development (MCDs) and the differences between MCDs subcategories. Methods Twenty patients and 18 controls were studied. The patients included two subcategories: disorders of migration (DOM) and postmigration (DOPM). Spectra of patients were acquired from both the lesion and the normal-appearing contralateral side (NACS), and they were compared to those of the controls obtained from the frontal lobe. Results Compared to the controls, a decreased NAA (P = 0.002) was identified in MCDs. After dividing the MCDs into the DOM and DOPM, we found that NAA reduction was only notable in the DOM (P = 0.007). Moreover, Ins and Cr of the DOPM were higher than those of the controls (P = 0.017 and 0.013) and the DOM (P = 0.027 and 0.001). Compared to the NACS, a decreased NAA (P = 0.042) and an increased Ins (P = 0.039) were identified in the lesion of MCDs. After dividing the MCDs into the DOM and DOPM, we found no significant differences in the DOM, but Ins, Cr, and Glx of the lesion were higher than those of the NACS (P = 0.007, 0.005 and 0.047) in the DOPM. In addition, we found that Cr and Glx correlated positively to the seizure frequency (P = 0.003 and 0.016). Conclusion Decreased NAA was the prominent abnormality confirmed in MCDs. Spectra of different MCDs subcategories were different: the DOM was characterized by decreased NAA, while the DOPM was characterized by increased Ins.

关键词： Topological Groups   Lie Groups   Algebra  

摘要： We establish rank-finiteness for the class of G-crossed braided fusion categories, generalizing the recent result for modular categories and including the important case of braided fusion categories. This necessitates a study of slightly degenerate braided fusion categories and their centers, which are interesting for their own sake.