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关键词： Power   Anaerobic   Performance   Workload   Game   Team sports  

摘要： This study aimed to: 1) compare physical fitness attributes and the external demands encountered during simulated matches in youth basketball players between age categories (under 14 years [U14], under 16 years [U16], and under 18 years [U18]), and 2) examine the relationships between physical fitness attributes and external demands during simulated matches in each age category. Thirty young basketball players categorized according to age (U14, n = 10;U16, n = 10;and U18, n = 10) completed a fitness test battery consisting of linear sprint, change-of-direction speed, repeated-change-of-direction speed, and jump assessments, and simulated matches monitored using local positioning system technology one week later. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc tests, as well as Cohen's effect sizes were used to compare physical fitness attributes and external match demands between age categories. Pearson's correlations and linear regression analyses were performed to quantify the relationships and shared variance between physical fitness attributes and external match demands in each age category. U14 players possessed lower (p <0.05, large-very large effects) physical fitness across all tests and performed less (p <0.05, large-very large effects) high-speed running (18.1-24.0 km.h(-1)) during simulated matches than U16 and U18 players. Physical fitness attributes were significantly associated with external variables during simulated matches in each category, particularly in U14 players. These findings suggest coaches should implement training strategies targeting specific fitness attributes according to age in youth basketball players.

关键词： 植物分类学   中药资源   《中国药典》   分类系统   拉丁学名   中文名  

摘要： 药用植物是中药资源的主要组成部分,在中药材的使用过程中,利用植物分类学方法对药用植物进行鉴定、亲缘关系及演化规律研究,有助于中药资源的系统认知、合理开发利用以及科学保护.本文参考国内外权威植物名录数据库、植物分类系统,以及最新的分子系统研究成果,对2020年版《中国药典》(一部)收载的植物药材基源物种科属范畴变动进行了系统考证,并对相关物种的拉丁学名和中文名进行了梳理,旨在推动植物分类学与中药资源学进一步学科交叉,维持药典的科学性和先进性,促进中医药行业的科学发展与国际影响力的提升.

关键词： 现代汉语   日源外来词   原型范畴理论   典型性梯度  

摘要： 原型范畴理论认为范畴成员间拥有“家族相似性”,成员由原型和边缘成员构成。范畴的形成以原型为标准,成员间拥有程度不均的典型性,典型性愈高,愈接近原型,反之则趋向于边缘。本文以原型范畴理论为指导,阐明现代汉语中日源外来词具有典型性的梯度表现。

关键词： 国家发改委   电力现货市场   新能源发电   《通知》   竞争范畴   试点  

摘要： 国家发改委、国家能源局近日发布《关于进一步做好电力现货市场建设试点工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》)。《通知》拟选择上海、江苏、安徽、辽宁、河南、湖北等6省市为第二批电力现货试点。如果按照《通知》规定,电力现货市场数量已经由此前的第一批确定的广东、蒙西、浙江、山西、山东、福建、四川、甘肃这8个试点,我国电力现货市场试点累计已有14个。

关键词： 情   《文心雕龙》   英译   阐释与误读  

摘要： 《文心雕龙》五十篇中几乎没有一篇不涉及"情"这一概念,"情"可谓《文心雕龙》的核心范畴。审思海外汉学言述场域中《文心雕龙》范畴"情"的各类英译诠释、解析及其背后所指,并在中西文论的双向阐释中察同比异,解蔽海外汉学中"情"的误读及其成因,可以发现中国传统文论中的"情"义是建立在一元论、非虚构诗学思想基础之上,"情"中有"理",受"礼"约制,这与西方建立在现象与本质、现实与虚构对立基础上的二元论诗学思想有着本质不同。由此可见,海外汉学研究应回归中国文论本身,从原典考证入手,在中西文论的双向阐释中,察同比异,才能"至精而后阐其妙"。

关键词： semilattice   monad   category of algebras   functor limit  

摘要： This article describes a category theoretic approach to projections of semilattices as an alternative to the classic approach of pattern structure projections. In the special case of Cartesian products and their projections on partial sub-products, this approach forms the basis for a sequential version of the VKF machine learning method that is based on a binary similarity operation.

关键词： Clustering analysis   Categorical data   Metaheuristic   Genetic algorithm   Particle swarm optimization algorithm   Sine cosine algorithm   Fuzzy clustering   Fuzzy k-modes algorithm  

摘要： Smart devices and technology applications are used in many fields. Much information is now recorded and collected rapidly so data analysis, especially clustering analysis, is vital to the process of analyzing and obtaining valuable information from datasets. However, data has different types of attributes: numerical, categorical, and mixed attributes. Some datasets also contain noise and outliers. An appropriate clustering is necessary to exploit the data structure. This study proposes a clustering algorithm that is called a possibilistic fuzzy k-modes (PFKM) algorithm. This combines the concept of possibility with the fuzzy k-modes (FKM) algorithm to address the effect of outliers and to improve the clustering results for categorical data. This study also implements three metaheuristics to increase clustering performance: a genetic algorithm (GA), a particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). Three clustering algorithms are proposed: the GAPFKM, PSO-PFKM, and SCA-PFKM algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is compared with that for the classical FKM algorithm using two indices: the sum-of-squared error (SSE) and the accuracy. The experimental results show that the PSO-PFKM and SCA-PFKM algorithms perform better for most datasets. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bolts  

摘要： The paper deals with the reassessment of fatigue detail categories of bolts and rods in EC 3-1-9 based on published fatigue test data and further conducted investigations. An elaborate database structure has been set up to evaluate the available fatigue test data in a differentiated way. Detail categories of bolts and rods in tension and shear have been investigated and re-evaluated based on the developed data base. Moreover, fatigue tests and numerical investigations on prestressed bolts in T-joints, L-joints and different types of end plate connections have been performed. Several influences on the fatigue strength (e.g. material influence, size effect, fabrication differences) have been analysed and design recommendations are given. The conducted fatigue tests on bolts in tension fit into the spreading band of 573 tests results conducted in the past, confirming fatigue class 50. However, bolts with rolled threads show a higher fatigue strength than those with cut threads, which has been included into the recommendations for fatigue details of bolts. Fatigue class 100 for bolts in shear has also been confirmed, however based on few data. Numerical investigations show, that bolts should be placed as close as possible to the tension flanges, while end plates should be dimensioned thick enough with an overhang including an additional bolt row. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social robots   e-health   Categorical ambiguity   Adoption   Hybrid products  

摘要： Social robots are artificial agents communicating in a human-like way. These assistive technologies are surging particularly to address personal healthcare shortages while allowing aging people to stay in their homes. Social robots belong to a rapidly changing AI industry. Such innovation may adopt different diffusion and adoption processes due to the categorical ambiguity of these products;their features vary from those typical of an object (i.e., delivering food) to those typical of a human being (i.e., speaking with and answering to patients). Social robots combine product, service, and software elements, making them hybrid products categorized into alternative categories, fluctuating users? attitudes towards these products. The paper draws on prior research on social robots, categorization, and innovation adoption and diffusion. The aim is to explore healthcare professionals? perception of social robots? adoption and diffusion, allowing us to understand how they view and handle their categorical ambiguity feature. Using the Delphi technique targeting experts with extensive knowledge of social robots and e-health practice, the results emphasize that even if the ambiguous nature of social robots may represent a barrier to their adoption, their categorical ambiguity is an opportunity to create interactive experiences that ultimately increase their acceptance and diffusion.

关键词： consumer behaviour   consumer rejection   date labelling   food quality   food waste   freshness labelling   sensory attributes   sensory perception   shelf‐   life labelling  

摘要： The aim of this study was (a) to evaluate the influence of date type and freshness labelling on a consumer rejection of expired food, (b) to assess how product category influences a consumer who rejects expired food based on a given criterion and (c) to investigate if a consumer's handling of food is rational as pertains to 'use by' or 'best before' dating. A consumer sensory study was conducted among 180 participants from Poland in which their attitude towards eight different foods labelled with two date types ('use by' or 'best before') and four various freshness dates was examined. The results showed that date type ('best before' vs. 'use by'), freshness labelling and food category significantly influenced consumer rejection of food products and the criteria of rejection changed as the product became expired. Consumer behaviour regarding edibility after expiration was irrational and was manifested in both the acceptance of potentially harmful food products (from 31.5% to 60.2% of expired food products labelled with the 'use by' date were accepted) and the rejection of edible foods (from 24.4% to 56.7% of expired foods labelled with the 'best before' date were rejected). This study provides new insight into the influence of shelf-life labelling and sensory perception on discard intention which ultimately results in unnecessary food waste. Our findings that date labelling can contribute to consumer apprehension of the suitability of a given food product for consumption shed new light on the role of building awareness among consumers in order to encourage waste-reducing behaviour.