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关键词： Perception   Random choice   Representation theorem   Category  

摘要： We introduce the notion of perception complementarity in a representation for random choice rules, which we call Complemented Perception Categorical Consideration Representation. The model is similar in nature to the perception-adjusted Luce model of Echenique et al. (Math Soc Sci 93:67-76, 2018), but allows perception to be menu-dependent. We provide a representation theorem and an identification result. Furthermore, we consider special cases of the model, including the case when it reduces down to the Random Consideration Set Rule of Manzini and Mariotti (Econometrica 82(3):1153-1176, 2014).

摘要： We introduce Turaev bicategories and group braided Turaev bicategories. On one hand, the latter generalize the notions of braided Turaev categories, introduced at the turn of the millennium and originally called "braided crossed group categories" by Turaev himself, and on the other hand, the former generalize the notion of bicategories. For bimonads in 2-categories, which we defined in one of our previous papers, we introduce generalized Yetter-Drinfel'd modules in 2-categories. These generalize to the 2-categorical setting the generalized Yetter-Drinfel'd modules (over a field) of Panaite and Staic, and thus also in particular the anti Yetter-Drinfel'd modules, introduced by Hajac-Khalkhali-Rangipour-Sommerhauser as coefficients for the cyclic cohomology of Hopf algebras, defined by Connes and Moscovici. We construct a Turaev 2-category for bimonads in 2-categories as a Turaev extension of the 2-category of bimonads, generalizing the corresponding Turaev category of Panaite and Staic. We also prove in the 2-categorical setting their results on pairs in involution, which in turn go back to modular pairs in involution of Connes and Moscovici. Moreover, two examples of proper Turaev bicategories are constructed, one of which is group braided.

关键词： Bipolar disorders   Depressive disorders   Diagnosis   Mania   DSM-5   Psychiatric classification   Categorical versus spectrum models  

摘要： There has been a longstanding debate as to whether the bipolar disorders differ categorically or dimensionally, with some dimensional or spectrum models including unipolar depressive disorders within a bipolar spectrum model. We analysed manic/hypomanic symptom data in samples of clinically diagnosed bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar patients, employing latent class analyses to determine if separate classes could be identified. Mixture analyses were also undertaken to determine if a unimodal, bimodal or a trimodal pattern was present. For both a refined 15-item set and an extended 30-item set of manic/hypomanic symptoms, our latent class analyses favoured three-class solutions, while mixture analyses identified trimodal distributions of scores. Findings argue for a categorical distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders, as well as between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Future research should aim to consolidate these results in larger samples, particularly given that the size of the unipolar group in this study was a salient limitation.

关键词： blood pressure categories   body mass index   pediatric hypertension  

摘要： Pediatric hypertension is a growing health care problem with long-term consequences. This study sought to understand the relationship between pediatric blood pressure measurements and body mass index (BMI) percentiles. The Pedia BP data repository was analyzed to assess prevalence of pediatric hypertension and differences in blood pressure categories based on BMI percentile. Half the sample (n = 600) had elevated blood pressure or hypertension. BMI percentile was only associated with elevation in blood pressure between the elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension category. Thus, there may be a threshold at which BMI starts to influence blood pressure categories. ? 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lattice-valued Boolean systems   Lattice-valued relational systems   Algebras of Fitting's lattice-valued modal logic   Adjoint   Co-adjoint   Duality  

摘要： The paper explores categorical interconnections between lattice-valued relational systems and algebras of Fitting's lattice-valued modal logic. We define lattice-valued Boolean systems, and then we study adjointness and co-adjointness of functors defined on them. As a result, we get a duality for algebras of lattice-valued logic. Following this duality result, we establish a duality for algebras of lattice-valued modal logic.

关键词： speech development   assessment   speech perception   clinical experience   speech sound disorder  

摘要： Background Accurate and detailed records of children's speech are a critical component of competent service delivery in speech-language pathology/speech and language therapy (SLP/SLT). Previous research has shown that during speech-sound acquisition, children gradually learn to produce sounds in adult-like manners. Continuous rating scales are a way to track this gradual learning. Aims To examine whether clinical experience affects the ability and willingness to rate children's speech production using continuous rating scales. Methods & Procedures An online survey was administered to 81 US-based SLPs/SLTs, binned into more- and less-experienced groups, and 20 non-SLPs/SLTs. The survey included a speech-sound rating task in which participants rated the production of place of articulation in children's productions of word-initial /theta/, /s/, /?/, /d/, /g/, /t/ and /k/ on a nine-point equally appearing interval scale. We examined the extent to which these were accurate (i.e., the extent to which they matched laboratory measures of production characteristics) and the extent to which the ratings were gradual (i.e., they used the entire rating scales, rather than just the endpoints). Main Contribution There were no consistent differences between non-SLPs/SLTs, less-experienced SLPs/SLTs and more-experienced SLPs/SLTs in a measure of the accuracy of responses. More consistent differences were found in the extent to which listeners used the endpoints of the scale: greater experience was associated with greater use of the endpoint values. Conclusions & Implications More-experienced SLPs/SLTs are less likely to use the entire range of continuous rating scales to rate children's speech accuracy than less-experienced SLPs/SLTs or clinically untrained listeners. Implications for service delivery are discussed. What this paper adds What this paper adds to existing knowledgeWhat is already known on the subject What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

摘要： This article outlines the role and function of 'service' magic in premodern society, and suggests ways in which the study of magic can be used as a lens to investigate and understand broader historical questions. Magic studies is a marginalised field, and the supernatural generally is treated as an unusual aspect of the human experience. This article shows that there are major benefits to reintegrating magic into wider historical studies. The article begins by introducing the concept of service magic as a phenomenon in premodern societies, and argues for its fundamental importance particularly during the medieval and early modern periods. Having established this, I explore the ways that its reintegration can affect our interpretation of the past. This article suggests ways in which magic might be useful for exploring other fields of social, political and economic history. Its function as an illicit tool makes magic a unique window for exploring a number of topics, such as cultures of tolerance and persecution, black market and proto-capitalist economics, and liminal or marginalised communities.

关键词： Point of interest   Classification   Feature importance   Feature extraction   POI categories  

摘要： Points of interest (POIs) digitally represent real-world amenities as point locations. POI categories (e.g. restaurant, hotel, museum etc.) play a prominent role in several location-based applications such as social media, navigation, recommender systems, geographic information retrieval tools, and travel-related services. The majority of user queries in these applications center around POI categories. For instance, people often search for the closest pub or the best value-for-money hotel in an area. To provide valid answers to such queries, accurate and consistent information on POI categories is an essential requirement. Nevertheless, category-based annotations of POIs are often missing. The task of annotating unlabeled POIs in terms of their categories - known as POI classification - is commonly achieved by means of machine learning (ML) models, often referred to as classifiers. Central to this task is the extraction of known features from pre-labeled POIs in order to train the classifiers and, then, use the trained models to categorize unlabeled POIs. However, the set of features used in this process can heavily influence the classification results. Research on defining the influence of different features on the categorization of POIs is currently lacking. This paper contributes a study of feature importance for the classification of unlabeled POIs into categories. We define five feature sets that address operation based, review-based, topic-based, neighborhood-based, and visual attributes of POIs. Contrary to existing studies that predominantly use multi-class classification approaches, and in order to assess and rank the influence of POI features on the categorization task, we propose both a multi-class and a binary classification approach. These, respectively, predict the place category among a specified set of POI categories, or indicate whether a POI belongs to a certain category. Using POI data from Amsterdam and Athens to implement and evaluate our study

关键词： infants speech processing   language acquisition   prediction   syntactic adaptation   syntactic bootstrapping   word categorization  

摘要： Infants are able to use the contexts in which familiar words appear to guide their inferences about the syntactic category of novel words (e.g. 'This is a' + 'dax' -> dax = object). The current study examined whether 18-month-old infants can rapidly adapt these expectations by tracking the distribution of syntactic structures in their input. In French,la petitecan be followed by both nouns (la petite balle, 'the little ball') and verbs (la petite mange, 'the little one is eating'). Infants were habituated to a novel word, as well as to familiar nouns or verbs (depending on the experimental group), all appearing afterla petite. The familiar words served to create an expectation thatla petitewould be followed by either nouns or verbs. If infants can utilize their knowledge of a few frequent words to adjust their expectations, then they could use this information to infer the syntactic category of a novel word - and be surprised when the novel word is used in a context that is incongruent with their expectations. However, infants in both groups did not show a difference between noun and verb test trials. Thus, no evidence for adaptation-based learning was found. We propose that infants have to entertain strong expectations about syntactic contexts before they can adapt these expectations based on recent input.

关键词： copula   cruises   tourist expenditure   Uruguay  

摘要： The aim of this article is to introduce a multivariate statistical model that represents the expenditure of tourists disaggregated by categories. The model is applied to study the distribution of the expenditure of cruise passengers in Uruguay, using data of the 2016-2017 cruise season survey (collected by the Ministry of Tourism). Given the mixed distribution in each component of the main variable, the model is implemented in two stages and using copulas to obtain a conditional distribution of the different items of expenditure, characterizing the dependence between them. The empirical results show that the key variables that determine the average spending of cruise tourists are their residence and the port of arrival of the cruise. The parameters representing dependence of the copula show moderate association between the different categories of expenditure, in particular for cruisers disembarking in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. In addition, it can be noted that the expenditure pattern in each item shows time dependence. In general, the empirical results show that a cruiser that spends more on one item is likely to spend more (less) on a complementary (noncomplementary) items of expense.