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关键词： 原始艺术   艺术人类学   文化相对论   功能主义   结构主义  

摘要： 原始艺术是西方人的发明,它随着启蒙运动、地理大发现、殖民运动、现代艺术等一系列历史和思潮进入西方人的视野,并成为人类学家的研究对象。围绕原始艺术,可以构建一部西方艺术人类学史。不同的理论流派粉墨登场,基于不同的理论视点和方法论,对原始艺术做出了各具特色的解读,形成了若干研究范式和经典性论著。学者们逐渐形成了一定的共识,比如,原始艺术是颇具审美性的,具有丰富的象征意义和文化内涵,充满着变迁和流动,需要在其社会和文化语境之中加以整体性地理解。

关键词： 合作   社会合作   和合思想   社会学  

摘要： 合作问题是社会科学面临的最大迷思之一,破解这一迷思急需社会学的参与。合作研究的社会学转向要求重视合作的社会属性,开展社会合作研究,在促进社会学元理论和中层理论发展的基础上对“中国之治”进行客观诠释。社会合作议题具有独特的中国意蕴,这是因为和合思想是中华民族特质的重要内容,形成社会合作局面更是当代中国所追求的理想社会发展状态。因此必须厘清社会合作的概念内涵、元问题和基本理论问题等研究范畴,为深入开展社会合作研究奠定理论基石。

关键词： 寄生范畴   程度   现实   亲历   惊诧  

摘要： 现代汉语程度副词“真”具有现实、亲历及惊诧的语义限制,其程度核心义寄生有多重范畴。亲历以现实为前提,寄居于程度是对“量”的评价加以“质”的信源保障。惊诧寄居于高量程度是对超出常量或预期量的心理强化。“真程度”表明在语义比较复杂的情况下,宿主范畴可以寄生多重范畴,寄生范畴还可以成为宿主,再寄生其他范畴。范畴的寄生及寄生方式跟特定语言的语法库藏有关,也有认知的动因。

关键词： Alpujarra   Second homes   Heterogeneity   Place specificity   Migration processes   'Residual' second homes  

摘要： This paper contributes to the growing literature on the uneven geography of second homes in three ways. First, the heterogeneous nature of second homes in a rural, mountainous area of the European periphery is identified. Second, a conceptual model is developed, relating this heterogeneity to different types of population mobility. Third, a category of property, termed 'residual' is shown to be a part of the second home typology within the study area, albeit with a varied and ambiguous role. The spatial patterns of different types of second home are analysed and their implications for the local impact of rural development policies discussed.

关键词： Congenital heart disease   Mortality   Outcome   Premature  

摘要： Background: Despite advances in neonatal intensive care and surgical procedures, perinatal mortality rates for premature infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) remain relatively high. P urpose: We aimed to describe the outcomes of premature infants with critical CHD and identify the risk factors including the new modified version of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (M-RACHS) category associated with in-hospital mortality in a Korean tertiary center. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of premature infants with critical CHD admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2005 to December 2016. Results: A total of 78 premature infants were enrolled. The median gestational age (GA) at birth was 34.9 weeks (range, 26.7-36.9 weeks), and the median birth weight was 1.91 kg (range, 0.53-4.38 kg). Surgical or percutaneous intervention was performed in 68 patients with a median GA at birth of 34.7 weeks (range, 26.7-36.8 weeks) and a median birth weight of 1.92 kg (range, 0.53-4.38 kg). The in-hospital survival rate was 76.9% among all enrolled preterm infants and 86.8% among patients who received an intervention. Very low birth weight (VLBW), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and M-RACHS category 5 or higher (more complex CHD) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. For the 68 premature infants undergoing cardiac interventions, independent risk factors for mortality were VLBW, BPD, and CHD complexity. Late preterm infant and age at intervention were not associated with patient survival. Conclusion: For premature infants with critical CHD, VLBW, PPHN, BPD, and M-RACHS category =5 were risk factors for mortality. A careful approach to surgical intervention and prenatal care should be taken according to CHD type and neonatal condition.

关键词： Sustainability   Certification   Social   Indicators   Aquaculture  

摘要： Recently we have seen a substantial increase in pressure for industries, such as aquaculture, to become more sustainable. When it comes to practical attempts to operationalise sustainable development, however, the 'social stuff' is often neglected. In this paper, we provide a detailed exploration of how the concept of social sustainability is operationalised (and therefore understood) within the aquaculture certification context. We found that a) certification schemes do address social sustainability, but relevant indicators mostly focus on workers' rights, or link directly back to environmental sustainability (through the consequences of environmental impact on humans);and b) the actions required often add little over and above existing legal requirements. Essentially, aquaculture sustainability certification schemes have not (yet) taken the opportunity to further shape our understanding of what social sustainability means, or how it is practiced. The consequence of this may be the impression that industries are truly sustainable, just because they have obtained sustainability certification.

关键词： mastitis   somatic cell count categories   breed   sire   herd size  

摘要： The aims were to investigate the prevalence of intramammary infection in early-lactation primiparous dairy cows (PC) in Sweden using milk recording cow composite somatic cell count (CSCC) categories based on classification of CSCC at the first 2 milk recordings after calving as low or high using cut-offs indicating intramarnmary infection. We also wanted to evaluate if herd-specific patterns in CSCC categories among PC can be identified to indicate success and problem herds as well as cow-level associations between CSCC categories and breed and sire, and herd-level associations between CSCC categories and herd size, milk production, production system, milking system, and year. A total of 1,597 dairy herds were included. Inclusion criteria were enrolment in the Swedish official milk recording scheme and having production data from at least 10 PC per year during 2014, 2015, and 2016. Herd (size, SCC, milk production, production system, milking system) and cow (breed, lactation number, calving date, CSCC, milk production) data were collected from the Swedish official milk recording scheme. Each PC was assigned a CSCC category (low-low, low-high, high-high, high-low, or inconclusive) based on the CSCC at the first 2 milk recordings using the following cutoffs. At each milk recording a CSCC <= 75,000 cells/mL was considered low and a CSCC >100,000 cells/mL was considered high, whereas a CSCC in between those values was considered inconclusive. Associations between CSCC categories arid breed or sire of the PC were analyzed using multivariable multinomial logistic regression models. Associations at herd level between number of PC in a CSCC category and herd variables were analyzed using multivariable Poisson or negative binomial regression models. The annual proportions of CSCC categories for all PC were 51.3%, 5.5%, 15.5%, 13.7%, and 14.0% for the low-low, low-high, high-low, high-high, and inconclusive categories, respectively. The distribution of CSCC categories varied

关键词： Operadic category   Permutad   Shuffle algebra   Opfibration   Koszulity  

摘要： The present article exploits the fact that permutads (aka shuffle algebras) are algebras over a terminal operad in a certain operadic category Per. In the first, classical part we formulate and prove a claim envisaged by Loday and Ronco that the cellular chains of the permutohedra form the minimal model of the terminal permutad which is moreover, in the sense we define, self-dual and Koszul. In the second part we study Koszulity of Per-operads. Among other things we prove that the terminal Per-operad is Koszul self-dual. We then describe strongly homotopy permutads as algebras of its minimal model. Our paper shall advertise analogous future results valid in general operadic categories, and the prominent role of operadic (op)fibrations in the related theory. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semi-supervised learning   Multi-category classification   Weighted ternary decision structure  

摘要： Semi-supervised learning has attracted researchers due to its advantages over supervised learning. In this paper, an extremely fast multi-category classification algorithm, termed as weighted ternary decision structure (WTDS) is proposed. WTDS is a generic algorithm that can extend any binary classifier into multi-category framework. This work also proposes a novel semi-supervised binary classifier termed as Weighted Laplacian least-squares twin support vector machine which is further extended using WTDS. The novel semi-supervised classifier obtains the solution by formulating a pair of Unconstrained Minimization Problems which are solved as systems of linear equation. WTDS takes advantage of the strengths of the classifier and efficiently constructs the multi-category classifier model in the form of a decision structure. WTDS outperforms other state-of-the-art multi-category approaches in terms of classification accuracy and time complexity. To confirm the feasibility and efficacy of proposed algorithm, experiments are conducted on benchmark UCI datasets.

关键词： Nuclear accident   Source term estimation   Neural network   Genetic algorithm   Simulated annealing   Particle swarm optimisation  

摘要： After a severe nuclear accident, the source term is typically unknown. Therefore, great importance is attached to obtaining source term information for subsequent emergency planning. The purpose of the study involved performing a rapid determination of the release category using the gamma dose rate monitoring data over a short period during an accident. The release categories PWR1-PWR9 in The Reactor Safety Study' of the United States were used as a reference. The International Radiological Assessment System (InterRAS) was used to construct a nuclear accident model and generate the required simulation data. After a series of experiments, appropriate parameters were selected to construct the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) classifier to estimate the release category. The genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm were used to search for the weights and thresholds of the BPNN classifier in advance, and this avoided the problem wherein bad initial values can cause the classifier to fall into local minimums, decreased training time, and improved prediction accuracy from 98.36% to 99.10%. With respect to the possible absence of gamma dose rate monitoring data, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) was used to complete the missing data, thereby ensuring that the classifier can normally predict the release category. After testing, in the absence of 4 of the total 16 gamma dose rate data, the classifier can still maintain a prediction accuracy of more than 80%.