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关键词： Management priorities   Water distribution system   Maintenance planning   Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)  

摘要： Deficient maintenance management of water distribution systems is an issue in many countries around the world. In northeast Brazil, losses of water during its distribution has reached 42.7 %. Maintenance planning is essential to improve efficiency in a water distribution system. Therefore, a framework was proposed that combines Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) with the ELECTRE TRI-nC method to sort areas into criticality categories in order to determine priorities for monitoring a maintenance service. To provide a global characterization, three categories are recognized: "Not critical," "Moderately critical," and "Highly critical." The proposed framework is applied in a real case study of a municipality located in the northeast of Brazil (Itamaraca/Pernambuco). This framework provides (i) managerial priorities to support maintenance decisions that improve the action planning of the water company, (ii) formal and structured knowledge about the water distribution system, and (iii) benefits to society, such as improving the quality of service, reducing costs, and preserving water resources. Our study demonstrates that actions such as developing awareness -raising campaigns about the rational use of water, installing pressure and flow control valves and establishing sectorization in the network system are essential in order to improve how maintenance is managed.

摘要： Background Many patients who require migraine preventive treatment have not been able to tolerate or have not responded to multiple previous preventive medications. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of galcanezumab, an antibody to calcitonin gene-related peptide, in patients with migraine who had not benefited from preventive medications from two to four categories. Methods CONQUER was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial done at 64 sites (hospitals, clinics, or research centres) in 12 countries (Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and the USA). Patients were 18-75 years of age, with episodic or chronic migraine, with migraine onset before the age of 50 years, who had a documented failure of preventive medications from two to four drug categories in the past 10 years owing to lack of efficacy or tolerability, or both. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive subcutaneous placebo or galcanezumab 120 mg per month (with a 240 mg loading dose administered as two 120 mg injections) for 3 months. For masking purposes, patients receiving placebo also received two injections during the first dosing visit. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random sequence by means of an interactive web-response system stratified by country and migraine frequency (low frequency episodic migraine, four to fewer than eight migraine headache days per month;high frequency episodic migraine, eight to 14 migraine headache days per month and fewer than 15 headache days per month;chronic migraine, at least eight migraine headache days per month and at least 15 headache days per month). The primary endpoint was the overall mean change from baseline in number of monthly migraine headache days during the 3-month treatment period in all patients who were randomly assigned and received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ***, NCT03

关键词： Carcinoids   Ki67   Lung   Neuroendocrine neoplasms  

摘要： Highly proliferative lung carcinoids (HPLC) have been recently reported but information about this subset remains scarce. Objectives: Clinical and pathological data of 630 patients with lung carcinoids (LC) referred to Gustave Roussy Institute (GR) and European Institute of Oncology (IEO) were retrospectively reviewed to select HPLC and analyze their frequency, behavior and compare their outcome to conventional LC with Ki-67 <= 20 % and mitotic count (MC) <= 10/2 mm(2). Materials and methods: Selection criteria were: diagnosis of LC confirmed by local pathologist, and available clinical and follow-up data. Patients with Ki-67 > 20 % and/or MC > 10/ 2 mm2 in primary or metastatic specimens were identified as HPLC. Results: 30/514 patients (6%) met the selection criteria of HPLC. Based on primary tumor evaluation, 22/25 (88 %) were classified as atypical carcinoids (AC). Median MC was 4.5/2 mm(2) (1-11) 6/2 mm(2) (3-15) in primary tumors and metastasis, respectively. Median Ki-67 was respectively 23 % (15-65) and 25 % (8-60). Recurrence rate was 66 % (12/18) in HPLC and 9 % (33/352) in conventional LC. Median RFS was 24 (10-NR) months in HPLC, 288 (141-NR) months in LC with Ki-67 index <= 5 % and NR (148-NR) months in LC with Ki-67 6 - 20% (p < 001). Median OS was 203 (83-NR) months in LC with Ki-67 index <= 5%, 101 (79-NR) months in LC with Ki-67 index 6-20 % and 53 (39-NR) months in HPLC (p = 002). Among 20 metastatic patients with HPLC, median PFS under platinum-based chemotherapy, everolimus, alkylating-based chemotherapy, FOLFOX and PRRT was 5.1 (95 % CI 0.7 - 9.4), 12.1(95 %CI 0.3 - 24), 6.8 (95 % CI 0 - 14.9), 10.2 (95 % CI 0.4 -19.9) and 14.2 months (95 % CI 0-30) respectively. Best response was stable disease (SD) under platinum-based chemotherapy and partial response (PR) under alkylating-based chemotherapy and FOLFOX. Conclusion: This study confirms the existence and rarity of HPLC. Their characteristics and clinical behavior are more similar to LC rather t

关键词： Mal'tsev categories   Goursat categories   Congruence distributive varieties   Shifting Lemma   Triangular Lemma   Trapezoid Lemma  

摘要： We give new characterisations of regular Mal'tsev categories with distributive lattice of equivalence relations through variations of the so-called Triangular Lemma and Trapezoid Lemma in universal algebra. We then give new characterisations of equivalence distributive Goursat categories (which extend 3-permutable varieties) through variations of the Triangular and Trapezoid Lemmas involving reflexive and positive relations. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Point sources   Diffuse sources   Soil heavy meals   Soil types   RAPCS/RGWR-ST   Robust geostatistics  

摘要： Soil-type data usually contain valuable information about soil heavy metal (HM) concentrations;however, they were rarely considered in the apportionment of point or diffuse sources in previous studies. In this study, the spatial variations of the soil HM concentrations in Jintan County, China were partitioned into two portions - the soil-type effects and the corresponding residuals, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Standardized robust kriging error (SRKE) with soil-type data as auxiliary information (SRKE-ST) was proposed to identify the high-value spatial outliers of soil HMs, and the performance of SRKE-ST was compared with that of commonly-used SRKE. Robust absolute principal component scores/robust geographically weighted regression (RAPCS/RGWR) with soil-type data as auxiliary information (RAPCS/RGWR-ST) was proposed to apportion the diffuse sources of soil HMs, and the performance of RAPCS/RGWR-ST was compared with those of RAPCS/RGWR and commonly-used absolute principal component scores/multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR). Results showed that (i) RSKE-ST effectively excluded high-value spatial outliers resulting from the effects of complex soil-type polygons on soil HM concentrations;(ii) RAPCS/RGWR-ST generated higher estimation accuracy in source contributions and less negative contributions than RAPCS/RGWR and APCS/MLR did. It is concluded that the proposed RSKE-ST and RAPCS/RGWR-ST could effectively use categorical soil-type data to enhance, respectively, the identification of high-value spatial outliers (i.e., potential point sources) and the apportionment of diffuse sources of soil HMs in large-scale areas. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： categorical rhythm   rhythm production   music   birdsong   finger tapping   cross-cultural comparison   inter-species comparison   learned vocalizations   bio-musicology  

摘要： Rhythm is a prominent feature of music. Of the infinite possible ways of organizing events in time, musical rhythms are almost always distributed categorically. Such categories can facilitate the transmission of culture-a feature that songbirds and humans share. We compared rhythms of live performances of music to rhythms of wild thrush nightingale and domestic zebra finch songs. In nightingales, but not in zebra finches, we found universal rhythm categories, with patterns that were surprisingly similar to those of music. Isochronous 11 rhythms were similarly common. Interestingly, a bias toward small ratios (around 1:2 to 1:3), which is highly abundant in music, was observed also in thrush nightingale songs. Within that range, however, there was no statistically significant bias toward exact integer ratios (1:2 or 1:3) in the birds. High-ratio rhythms were abundant in the nightingale song and are structurally similar to fusion rhythms (ornaments) in music. In both species, preferred rhythms remained invariant over extended ranges of tempos, indicating natural categories. The number of rhythm categories decreased at higher tempos, with a threshold above which rhythm became highly stereotyped. In thrush nightingales, this threshold occurred at a tempo twice faster than in humans, indicating weaker structural constraints and a remarkable motor proficiency. Together, the results suggest that categorical rhythms reflect similar constraints on learning motor skills across species. The saliency of categorical rhythms across humans and thrush nightingales suggests that they promote, or emerge from, the cultural transmission of learned vocalizations.

摘要： Motivation: Determining the relative contributions of functional genetic categories is fundamental to understanding the genetic etiology of complex human traits and diseases. Here, we present Annotation Informed-MiXeR, a likelihood-based method for estimating the number of variants influencing a phenotype and their effect sizes across different functional annotation categories of the genome using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Results: Extensive simulations demonstrate that the model is valid for a broad range of genetic architectures. The model suggests that complex human phenotypes substantially differ in the number of causal variants, their localization in the genome and their effect sizes. Specifically, the exons of protein-coding genes harbor more than 90% of variants influencing type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, making them good candidates for whole-exome studies. In contrast, <10% of the causal variants for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are located in protein-coding exons, indicating a more substantial role of regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

关键词： Ensemble clustering   Information matrix   Original data information   Label information  

摘要： Ensemble clustering has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, because it is able to combine multiple base clusterings (ensemble members) into a more robust clustering. It mainly consists of two parts, generating multiple ensemble members and finding a final partition. The construction of the information matrix plays an important role for finding a final partition. In general categorical data ensemble clustering framework, most existing information matrices are constructed only relying on label information of ensemble members without considering original information of data sets. To solve this problem, a new ensemble clustering framework for categorical data is proposed, in which the information matrix considers label information and original data information together, and is instantiated into the ALM matrix in this paper. The ALM matrix takes account of not only the distribution of attribute content in each ensemble member, but also the relationship among ensemble members based on the distribution. To simplicity, the k-means technique is used to cluster the ALM matrix and form a new ensemble clustering algorithm. The experimental results have shown the benefits of the ALM matrix by comparing the proposed algorithm with other ensemble clustering algorithms. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite groups   Modular representation theory   Virtual projectivity   Stable module category   Nearly null map  

摘要： We introduce the concept of a nearly null map in the stable module category, and relate it to the notion of virtual projectivity. We show that the trivial module k is virtually M-projective if and only if the map f : N -> k in the triangle N (f) under right arrow N f -> k -> M circle times M* is nearly null. If these conditions hold, then M generates the stable module category in fewer than l steps, where l is the radical length of the group algebra. We give examples to show that if M generates the stable module category then k is not necessarily virtually M-projective. We also give examples to show that for a given group, the degree of virtual projectivity of k with respect to a module M is not bounded. Finally, we develop a theory of virtual M-variety of a module X. This is a subset of the spectrum of the cohomology ring which controls virtual projectivity of X with respect to M. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensor categories   Fusion datum   Fourier transform  

摘要： In his theory of unipotent characters of finite groups of Lie type, Lusztig constructed modular categories from two-sided cells in Weyl groups. Broue, Malle and Michel have extended parts of Lusztig's theory to complex reflection groups. This includes generalizations of the corresponding fusion algebras, although the presence of negative structure constants prevents them from arising from modular categories. We give here the first construction of braided pivotal monoidal categories associated with non-real reflection groups (later reinterpreted by Lacabanne as super modular categories). They are associated with cyclic groups, and their fusion algebras are those constructed by Malle. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.