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关键词： Multivariate discrete distributions   Conway-Maxwell-Poisson distribution   Exponential family   Dispersion   Multinomial regression  

摘要： Categorical data are often observed as counts resulting from a fixed number of trials in which each trial consists of making one selection from a prespecified set of categories. The multinomial distribution serves as a standard model for such data but assumes that trials are independent and identically distributed. Extensions such as the Dirichlet-multinomial and random-clumped multinomial distribution can express positive association, where trials are more likely to result in a common category due to membership in a common cluster. This work considers a Conway-Maxwell-multinomial (CMM) distribution for modeling clustered categorical data exhibiting positively or negatively associated trials. The CMM distribution features a dispersion parameter which allows it to adapt to a range of association levels and includes several recognizable distributions as special cases. We explore properties of CMM, illustrate its flexible characteristics, identify a method to efficiently compute maximum likelihood (ML) estimates, present simulations of small sample properties under ML estimation, and demonstrate the model via data analysis examples. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Yangian of Lie superalgebra   quantum loop superalgebra   Yangian module   category O of representations   Lie superalgebra   Drinfeld polynomial   quantum R-matrix  

摘要： Using the approach developed by Gautam and Toledano Laredo, we introduce analogues of the category O for representations of the Yangian Y-(h) over bar(A(m, n)) of a special linear Lie superalgebra and the quantum loop superalgebra U-q(LA(m, n)). We investigate the relation between them and conjecture that these categories are equivalent.

关键词： classification   ethnic identity   religion   intersectionality   prototypicality   accent   WSW-paradigm  

摘要： Evidence suggests that accents can be typically more powerful in activating ethnicity categorization than appearance. Concurrently, some social categories, such as ethnicity, can be linked with other categories, such as religion. We investigate how people categorize those who belong to a (mis)matching pair of categories? In the present study, we investigated Germans' categorization of women either wearing a headscarf (Muslim religious symbol), or not, and speaking either standard German or German with an Arabic accent. The "Who Said What?" paradigm and multinomial modelling yielded that category memory, indicative of subtyping, was best for nonprototypical targets (i.e., headscarf and standard German accent, no headscarf and Arabic accent). In contrast, in-group targets (no headscarf and standard German accent) were individually remembered better than all other targets, whereas nonprototypical targets (no-headscarf and Arabic accent) were not remembered individually at all. These findings are discussed in terms of intersectionality and category prototypicality.

关键词： Space   Time   Categories   Mechanics   Consciousness   Kant   Neuroscience  

摘要： Kant (1724-1804) is rarely mentioned in modern neuroscience publications, and equally rarely are insights from the neurosciences discussed in works on Kantian philosophy. In this essay I present a correlation, not a confrontation, between Kant in the 'Critique of Pure Reason' and the neurosciences on space, time, categories, mechanics, and consciousness in order to highlight their mutual importance. My conclusion will be that Kant is still important for modern neuroscience, although historically he lacked all relevant data and concepts about the brain, and that the insights from neuroscience are equally important for philosophy.

关键词： Materialism   Possession   Social inclusion   Product category   Product type   Marketplace scenario  

摘要： The paper builds on and extends the current understanding of materialism by investigating the effects of two forms of materialism (i.e., possession- and social inclusion-defined) on consumer behavior (i.e., purchase and patronage) toward products of different categories (i.e., economical versus luxury) and types (i.e., goods versus services) in different marketplace scenarios (i.e., individual versus group). Using data partitioning on a random sample of 323 consumers to generate usable cases for three interrelated studies, the paper reports that the effects of possession- and social inclusion-defined materialism are consistently accentuated in the purchase of luxury goods rather than economical goods, whereby consumers with high levels of possession- and social inclusion - defined materialism are more likely to purchase luxury goods than consumers with low levels of possession - and social inclusion-defined materialism. However, the paper finds that possession- and social inclusion - defined materialism have no significant effects on the individual and group patronage of economical and luxury services. The paper concludes with the implications of these findings for theory, practice, and future research.

关键词： Animacy hierarchy   Associative plural   Pronominal number   Elliptic dual   Number   Indexicality  

摘要： The Animacy Hierarchy was introduced as a cross-grammatical factor which governs, in different languages, widespread splits of nominal categories, including case or number marking. Among othser phenomena, the Animacy Hierarchy has been invoked to describe the lexical distribution of associative plurals. In this paper I argue that associative plurals as an interpretation of nominal plurality is not licensed by the high position the respective noun holds on the Animacy Hierarchy but is a combined effect of coercion by the unique reference inherent to proper names and associative links easily recoverable for human referents. Interpretation of associative plurals relies upon activation of set relations its referent holds to other entities in the speech act situation. Associative plural is argued to be an indexical rather than a functional semantic category. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Dimension reduction   Factor analysis   Factor variables   Interaction   Latent variables   Model selection  

摘要： Many applications of regression models involve ordinal categorical predictors. Two common approaches for handling ordinal predictors are to form a set of dummy variables, or employ a two stage approach where dimension reduction is first applied and then the response is regressed against the predicted latent indices. Both approaches have drawbacks, with the former running into a high-dimensional problem especially if interactions are considered, while the latter separates the prediction of the latent indices from the construction of the regression model. To overcome these challenges, a new approach called the LASSO on Latent Indices (LoLI) for handling ordinal predictors in regression is proposed, which involves jointly constructing latent indices for each or for groups of ordinal predictors and modeling the response directly as a function of these. LoLI borrows strength from the response to more accurately predict the latent indices, leading to better estimation of the corresponding effects. Furthermore, LoLI incorporates a LASSO type penalty to perform hierarchical selection, with interaction terms selected only if both parent main effects are included. Simulations show that LoLI can outperform the dummy variable and two stage approaches in selection and prediction performance. Applying LoLI to an Australian household-based panel identified three dimensions of psychosocial workplace quality (job demands, stress, and security) which affect an individual's mental health in an additive and pairwise interactive manner. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Patient-reported outcomes   PROMIS   Juvenile idiopathic arthritis   Childhood-onset   Systematic lupus erythematosus   Reference values  

摘要： Purpose A key limitation to widespread adoption of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures is the lack of interpretability of scores. We aim to identify clinical severity thresholds to distinguish categories of no problems, mild, moderate, and severe along the PROMIS (R) Pediatric T-score metric for measures of anxiety, mobility, fatigue, and depressive symptoms for use in populations with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Methods We used a modified standard setting methodology from educational testing to identify clinical severity thresholds (clinical cut scores). Using item response theory-based parameters from PROMIS item banks, we developed a series of clinical vignettes that represented different severity or ability levels along the PROMIS Pediatric T-score metric. In stakeholder workshops, participants worked individually and together to reach consensus on clinical cut scores. Median cut-score placements were taken when consensus was not reached. Focus groups were recorded and qualitative analysis was conducted to identify decision-making processes. Results Nine adolescents (age 13-17 years) with JIA (33% female) and their caregivers, five adolescents (age 14-16 years) with cSLE (100% female) and their caregivers, and 12 pediatric rheumatologists (75% female) participated in bookmarking workshops. Placement of thresholds for bookmarks was highly similar across stakeholder groups (differences from 0 to 5 points on the PROMIS t-score metric) for all but one bookmark placement. Conclusion This study resulted in clinical thresholds for severity categories for PROMIS Pediatric measures of anxiety, mobility, fatigue, and depressive symptoms, providing greater interpretability of scores in JIA and cSLE populations.