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关键词： Arthropods   Biodiversity   Community structure   Greenery management   Urban fauna   Urban pressure  

摘要： Urban green areas have become an important tool for biodiversity conservation in cities. However, land use and the different management practices applied to these areas determine their effectiveness as biodiversity refuges within cities. In our study, we compare the biodiversity of three bioindicator groups of arthropods (ants, spiders and harvestmen) found in eleven urban green sites in Warsaw (Poland). The studied sites represent three categories of management: botanical gardens, public parks and urban woodlands. Our aim was to determine the effect of the type of management (as urban green categories) on arthropod communities in urban areas.

摘要： For each integer t a tensor category V-t is constructed, such that exact tensor functors V-t -> C classify dualizable t-dimensional objects in C not annihilated by any Schur functor. This means that V-t is the "abelian envelope" of the Deligne category D-t = Rep(GL(t)). Any tensor functor Rep(GL(t)) -> C is proved to factor either through V-t or through one of the classical categories Rep(GL(m vertical bar n)) with m - n = t. The universal property of V-t implies that it is equivalent to the categories Rep(Dt1 circle times Dt2) (GL(X), epsilon), (t = t(1) + t(2), t(1) not an integer) suggested by Deligne as candidates for the role of abelian envelope. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supplementary representation   Semantic attribute   Novel-category   Sparsity   Image classification  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a new representation learning method by learning the discriminative supplementary features to implement semantic attribute augmentation for novel-category image classification. Most of previous methods based on semantic attributes explore the manually defined attributes, which limits their performance and applications. Because the number of manually defined attributes is limited in practice. Besides, these attributes are incomplete and may be not discriminative for image classification. To address the problems, one intuitive solution is to automatically expand the semantic attribute representation. However, it is challenging to guarantee that the supplementary features are more effective and discriminative. Towards this end, we propose a new Discriminative Supplementary Feature Learning (DSFL) method to expand the manually defined attributes by learning discriminative supplementary features. To make the learned features discriminative, the supplementary features and the classifiers for the novel-categories are jointly learned with the column sparsity constraints for the optimal compatibility of the representations and classifiers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on two widely-used datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves encouraging performance. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： recognition   memory   retrosplenial cortex   posterior cingulate   hippocampus   intracranial recording   stereoelectroencephalography   subdural grids   prosopagnosia   default network  

摘要： The rapid recognition and memory of faces and scenes implies the engagement of category-specific computational hubs in the ventral visual stream with the distributed cortical memory network. To better understand how recognition and identification occur in humans, we performed direct intracranial recordings, in a large cohort of patients (n = 50), from the medial parietal cortex (MPC) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL), structures known to be engaged during face and scene identification. We discovered that the MPC is topologically tuned to face and scene recognition, with clusters in MPC performing scene recognition bilaterally and face recognition in right subparietal sulcus. The MTL displayed a selectivity gradient with anterior, entorhinal cortex showing face selectivity and posterior parahippocampal regions showing scene selectivity. In both MPC and MTL, stimulus-specific identifiable exemplars led to greater activity in these cortical patches. These two regions work in concert for recognition of faces and scenes. Feature selectivity and identity-sensitive activity in the two regions was coincident, and they exhibited theta-phase locking during face and scene recognition. These findings together provide clear evidence for a specific role of subregions in the MPC for the recognition of unique entities.

关键词： natural scenes   feature extraction   image classification   pattern clustering   image colour analysis   text analysis   video signal processing   text detection   object detection   image segmentation   convolutional neural nets   text detection framework   SCRPN   considerable abstract semantic information   natural scene text detection   maximally stable extremal regions   fully convolutional network   text saliency map   oversegmented regions   region aggregation   segmentation regions   text region proposals   top-ranking region proposals   street view text   text proposals   category region proposal network   region convolutional neural network   two-stage text detection networks  

摘要： Natural scene text usually carries considerable abstract semantic information, which is closely related to the surrounding environment. Thus, natural scene text detection plays a vital role in image content retrieval and understanding. In this study, the authors propose a novel specific category region proposal network (SCRPN) based on maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) and fully convolutional network (FCN) for natural scene text detection. First, FCN for pixel-level recognition is utilised to obtain the text saliency map and MSER is used to obtain oversegmented regions. Then, the multiple features of oversegmented regions and text saliency map are used for region aggregation. Next, single-linkage clustering method is adopted to cluster the segmentation regions to obtain a hierarchical structure of text region proposals. Finally, for the top-ranking region proposals, SCRPN built an end-to-end pipeline for scene text detection directly. Experiments on street view text and international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR) 2013 have demonstrated the effectiveness of SCRPN for generating the text proposals. SCRPN could work with various two-stage text detection networks;thus, faster region convolutional neural network was used as the text detection framework to evaluate the performance of SCRPN in the ICDAR 2015 and MSRA-TD500 benchmarks. The experimental results confirmed that SCRPN makes text detection more robust in complex scenarios.

关键词： Carcass   Classification   Duroc   Fat   Meat   Pig  

摘要： A portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument was evaluated for the discrimination of individual Iberian pig carcasses into the four official quality categories (defined by a combination of genotype and feeding regime). Spectra were obtained scanning four anatomical locations (live animal skin, carcass surface, fresh meat and subcutaneous fat samples) at a commercial abattoir, using a handheld micro electro mechanical system instrument. The best assignments into official quality categories with the NIRS measurements in the carcass surface and subcutaneous fat were able to correctly classify 75.9% and 73.8% of the carcasses, respectively. Moreover, 93.2% and 93.4% of carcasses were correctly classified according to feeding regimes by using the spectra from fresh meat and subcutaneous fat samples. The results suggest that, using subcutaneous fat samples, a portable NIRS could be used in commercial abattoirs as a tool to support the control of official quality category assignment in Iberian pig carcasses.

关键词： Job   Occupational activity   Breast cancer   Incidence   Cohort study  

摘要： BackgroundBreast cancer represented the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Japan. Although physical activity has been reported protective against breast cancer, scientific evidence is limited on the risk of breast cancer according to job category or occupational activity in Japanese. Our objective was to examine the association of job category and occupational activity with breast cancer incidence in Japanese female workers using the data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) *** prospective cohort study involving 19,041 women aged 40-79years who have reported their occupational data and followed-up from 1988 to 2009. All variables were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Cancer incidence data were obtained from 24 areas of the JACC study through cancer population data registration, or review of hospital records. The Cox proportional hazard models were operated to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThere were 138 incident cases of breast cancer during 13.3years median follow-up period. Office workers compared with manual workers were at a higher risk of breast cancer after adjusting for reproductive health factors and physical activity indicators;the multivariable HR (95% CI) was 1.65 (1.07-2.55). Also, women who had mainly a sitting position during work compared with those moving during work had the higher risk: the multivariable HR (95%CI) of 1.45 (1.01-2.12). The excess risk of breast cancer was observed for office workers when time spent in walking was <30min/ day;HR (95% CI) was 1.11 (1.01-1.23), and for women mainly at a sitting position during work when time spent in walking was 30-59min or<30min/day;HRs (95% CIs) were 1.87 (1.07-3.27) and 1.74 (1.07-2.83), *** job category and occupational activity were associated with risk of breast cancer incidence. A high risk was observed in office workers and in women with a sitting position during work. T

关键词： 05E05   17B68   17B69   17B65   18G35   22E65  

摘要： We prove a conjecture of Cautis and Sussan providing a categorification of the Boson-Fermion correspondence as formulated by Frenkel and Kac. We lift the Bernstein operators to infinite chain complexes in Khovanov's Heisenberg category H and from them construct categorical analogues of the Kac-Frenkel fermionic vertex operators. These fermionic functors are then shown to satisfy categorical Clifford algebra relations, solving a conjecture of Cautis and Sussan. We also prove another conjecture of Cautis and Sussan demonstrating that the categorical Fock space representation of H is a direct summand of the regular representation by showing that certain infinite chain complexes are categorical Fock space idempotents. In the process, we enhance the graphical calculus of H by lifting various Littlewood-Richardson branching isomorphisms to the Karoubian envelope of H.

关键词： Least restrictive environment (LRE)   inclusion   pullout programmes   academic achievement  

摘要： Federal law under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Improvement Act stipulates that services provided to students with diagnosed disabilities must be (a) individualised based on the assessed needs of each student and (b) include the fewest restrictions necessary to achieve students' personalised goals. However, determining the level of service and educational placement best suited to each student can be challenging. Recent legal rulings are also placing increased pressure on schools to provide services that yield substantive achievement. The following study examines the relation between time spent in general education settings and outcomes on state assessments. Results indicate a significant positive association between time spent in general education and scaled scores on state assessments for reading and math;no association was found for alternative state assessments. Ethical and practical implications as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.

关键词： Allocation   coronavirus   disabilities   pandemics   rationing   triage  

摘要： During public health crises including the COVID-19 pandemic, resource scarcity and contagion risks may require health systems to shift-to some degree-from a usual clinical ethic, focused on the well-being of individual patients, to a public health ethic, focused on population health. Many triage policies exist that fall under the legal protections afforded by "crisis standards of care," but they have key differences. We critically appraise one of the most fundamental differences among policies, namely the use of criteria to categorically exclude certain patients from eligibility for otherwise standard medical services. We examine these categorical exclusion criteria from ethical, legal, disability, and implementation perspectives. Focusing our analysis on the most common type of exclusion criteria, which are disease-specific, we conclude that optimal policies for critical care resource allocation and the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should not use categorical exclusions. We argue that the avoidance of categorical exclusions is often practically feasible, consistent with public health norms, and mitigates discrimination against persons with disabilities.