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关键词： gene expression signature   drug repositioning approaches   RNA expression regulation  

摘要： A gene expression signature (GES) is a group of genes that shows a unique expression profile as a result of perturbations by drugs, genetic modification or diseases on the transcriptional machinery. The comparisons between GES profiles have been used to investigate the relationships between drugs, their targets and diseases with quite a few successful cases reported. Especially in the study of GES-guided drugs-disease associations, researchers believe that if a GES induced by a drug is opposite to a GES induced by a disease, the drug may have potential as a treatment of that disease. In this study, we data-mined the crowd extracted expression of differential signatures (CREEDS) database to evaluate the similarity between GES profiles from drugs and their indicated diseases. Our study aims to explore the application domains of GES-guided drug-disease associations through the analysis of the similarity of GES profiles on known pairs of drug-disease associations, thereby identifying subgroups of drugs/diseases that are suitable for GES-guided drug repositioning approaches. Our results supported our hypothesis that the GES-guided drug-disease association method is better suited for some subgroups or pathways such as drugs and diseases associated with the immune system, diseases of the nervous system, non-chemotherapy drugs or the mTOR signaling pathway.

关键词： right Gorenstein subcategory   self-orthogonal subcategory   relative projective dimension   cotorsion pair   kernel   (weak) Auslander-Buchweitz context  

摘要： We introduce the right (left) Gorenstein subcategory relative to an additive subcategory C of an abelian category A, and prove that the right Gorenstein subcategory rG(C) is closed under extensions, kernels of epimorphisms, direct summands and finite direct sums. When C is self-orthogonal, we give a characterization for objects in rG(C), and prove that any object in A with finite rG(C)-projective dimension is isomorphic to a kernel (or a cokernel) of a morphism from an object in A with finite C-projective dimension to an object in rG(C). As an application, we obtain a weak Auslander-Buchweitz context related to the kernel of a hereditary cotorsion pair in A having enough injectives.

关键词： Double category   Gray monoidal product   Symmetric closed monoidal category  

摘要： The category of double categories and double functors is equipped with a symmetric closed monoidal structure. For any double category A\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbb {A}}$$\end{document}, the corresponding internal hom functor sends a double category B\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbb {B}}$$\end{document} to the double category whose 0-cells are the double functors A -> B\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbb {A}} \rightarrow {\mathbb {B}}$$\end{document}, whose horizontal and vertical 1-cells are the horizontal and vertical pseudo transformations, respectively, and whose 2-cells are the modifications. Some well-known functors of practical significance are checked to be compatible with this monoidal structure.

关键词： salinity   uncertainty   groundwater quality   airborne electromagnetics   geophysics  

摘要： Growing water stress has led to emerging interest in protecting fresh and brackish groundwater as a potential supplement to water supplies and raised questions about factors that could affect the future quality of fresh and brackish aquifers. Limited well infrastructure, particularly in regions where elevated salinity has led to limited historical groundwater development, hinders traditional mapping of salinity distributions through groundwater sampling. This paper presents a quantitative salinity mapping approach of the upper 300 m using high-resolution, regionally comprehensive resistivity models derived from Bayesian inversion of an airborne electromagnetic survey adjacent to the Lost Hills and Belridge oil fields in the southwestern San Joaquin Valley of California. Using local water quality observations as an interpretational foundation, a probabilistic approach yields maps of fresh, saline, and brackish groundwater while quantifying joint uncertainty inherited from the geophysical data and interpretational relations. Saline and fresh regions are mapped with relatively high confidence in many locations, while areas of lower confidence, particularly at depth, can be mapped as their most probable salinity category while reflecting the relative uncertainty in the interpretation. These maps identify a stratified salinity structure, where saline water commonly occurs in the surficial aquifer overlying fresher groundwater in the Tulare aquifer, separated by regional confining clay layers. Downgradient of unlined surface water diversions, recharge of imported surface water results in relatively fresh groundwater throughout the depth of investigation. Plain Language Summary Salinity, a measure of salt concentration, can impact the potential use of groundwater. Salinity can be difficult to map using wells alone, especially where groundwater development has been limited in the past. Dissolved salts are excellent conductors of electricity, and resistivity measurements are

关键词： Irreducible morphisms   Degrees   Radical   tilting module  

摘要： Given a finite dimensional algebra A over an algebraically closed field we study the relationship between the powers of the radical of a morphism in the module category of the algebra A and the induced morphism in the module category of the endomorphism algebra of a tilting A-module. We compare the nilpotency indices of the radical of the mentioned module categories. We find an upper bound for the nilpotency index of the radical of the module category of iterated tilted algebras of Dynkin type.

关键词： BGG category O   Equivalences   Bruhat order   Quasi-hereditary algebras  

摘要： We classify all equivalences between the indecomposable abelian categories which appear as blocks in BGG category O for reductive Lie algebras. Our classification implies that a block in category O only depends on the Bruhat order of the relevant parabolic quotient of the Weyl group. As part of the proof, we observe that any finite dimensional algebra with simple preserving duality admits at most one quasi-hereditary structure.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma   liver imaging reporting and data system   magnetic resonance imaging   systematic review   meta-analysis  

摘要： Background and AimsThe Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category M (LR-M) was introduced to preserve the high specificity of LI-RADS algorithm for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to systematically determine the probability of the LR-M for HCC and non-HCC malignancy, and to determine the sources of heterogeneity between reported results. MethodsOriginal studies reporting the probability of LR-M for HCC and non-HCC malignancy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE. The meta-analytic pooled percentages of HCC and non-HCC in LR-M were calculated. Meta-regression analysis was performed to explore study heterogeneity. The meta-analytic frequency of each LR-M imaging feature was determined. ResultsWe found 10 studies reporting the diagnostic performance of LR-M (1819 lesions in 1631 patients), and six reporting the frequency of LR-M imaging features. The pooled percentages of HCC and non-HCC malignancy for LR-M were 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.8%-33.1%;I-2 = 83%) and 69.6% (95% CI, 64.6%-74.1%;I-2 = 83%) respectively. The study type and MRI scanner field strength were significantly associated with study heterogeneity (P <= .04). Of the seven imaging features, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement showed the highest frequency in both non-HCC (48.9%;95% CI, 43.0%-54.8%) and HCC groups (9.8%;95% CI, 6.9%-13.6%). ConclusionsThe LR-M category most commonly included non-HCC malignancy but also included 28.2% of HCC. Substantial study heterogeneity was noted, and it was significantly associated with study type and MRI scanner field strength. In addition, the frequency of LR-M imaging features was variable.

关键词： Anthropodenial   Anthropological difference   Anthropomorphism   Category mistake   Logic of primate research   Philosophical Primatology   Primatology  

摘要： This article investigates the deep-rooted logical structures underlying our thinking about other animals with a particular focus on topics relevant for cognitive primate research. We begin with a philosophical propaedeutic that makes perspicuous how we are to differentiate ontological from epistemological considerations regarding primates, while also accounting for the many perplexities that will undoubtedly be encountered upon applying this difference to concrete phenomena. Following this, we give an account of what is to be understood by the assertion of a thesis of anthropological difference, identifying, inter alia, a property that fulfils the exclusivity, universality, and constitution criteria and demarcates the differentia specifica between humans and other animals. Also, we systematically develop how such theses can be formulated more moderately. Furthermore, we account for different theoretical frameworks, argumentative schemes, and sociological factors whose employment is associated with theses as such. This endeavor is carried out under the guise of anthropomorphism and anthropodenial. Doing so, we show that both are favored by the logic of cognitive primate research. Put briefly, concepts like cladistic parsimony and arguments by analogy favor anthropomorphism whereas concepts like traditional parsimony and Morgan’s canon favor anthropodenial. We close by framing these topics in the light of the self-other category mistake that lies in ascribing exclusive self-properties to some other. Lastly, we probe this category mistake for potency and scope of implications and find it to be central to and unavoidably ingrained in our thinking about other animals. © 2019, Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research.

关键词： Module category   Cowreath   Entwined module   Frobenius functor   Separable functor   Frobenius coalgebra   Coseparable coalgebra  

摘要： Entwined modules over cowreaths in a monoidal category are introduced. They can be identified to coalgebras in an appropriate monoidal category. It is investigated when such coalgebras are Frobenius (resp. separable), and when the forgetful functor from entwined modules to representations of the underlying algebra is Frobenius (resp. separable). These properties are equivalent when the unit object of the category is a circle times-generator.

关键词： Regression models   Heavy-tailed distributions   Explicit MLE   Insurance claim modeling  

摘要： Generalized linear models with categorical explanatory variables are considered and parameters of the model are estimated by an exact maximum likelihood method. The existence of a sequence of maximum likelihood estimators is discussed and considerations on possible link functions are proposed. A focus is then given on two particular positive distributions: the Pareto 1 distribution and the shifted log-normal distributions. Finally, the approach is illustrated on an actuarial dataset to model insurance losses.