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关键词： Multi-viewpoint similarity measure   Bipartite spectral algorithm   Hybrid firefly algorithm   Entropy weighted triple quality   Artificial neural network  

摘要： In recent years, the clustering ensembles emerged as a problem solver for extracting the data points into clusters in an efficient way. However, still clustering poses a serious issue due to the presence of imperfect informationwhile partitioning the data into clusters. This creates a serious issue in creating an efficient cluster with cluster ensembles. In this paper, we propose a solution to solve the degradation in clustering during data partitioning. The initial clusters are generated using firefly algorithm. A linked cluster ensemble approach uses similarity measurement using multi-viewpoint and weighted triple quality using entropy measurements that ensembles the data points into clusters. This avoids the problem of local optimum and avoids the issues arise from highdimensional datasets and improve the quality of clustering. Here, the data partitioning is done with bipartite spectral algorithm and similarity measurement. Finally, the artificial neural network is used to generate classified results from the optimized clustered datasets. The experimental results are carried out over UCI repository datasets and the results show that the proposed method attains an effective ensemble clustering with higher clustering accuracy than the conventional ones.

关键词： diabetes mellitus   diet   hyperglycemia   hypoglycemia  

摘要： This study aims to evaluate the levels of knowledge of different food categories and analyze the association between the levels of dietary knowledge and glycemia in Chinese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 334 patients with T2DM were recruited from six hospitals from July to October 2014 in China. The Diabetes Dietary Knowledge Scale was utilized to obtain dietary knowledge. The results showed the item examining knowledge of carbohydrates received the highest score, whereas the item examining knowledge of healthy fats received the lowest score. The item "nuts" (B = -0.49;95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.38, 0.99]) was associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia. The item "foods when hypoglycemic" (B = 0.42;95% CI = [1.22, 2.07]) was associated with the incidence of hypoglycemia. There were different knowledge levels of different food categories in patients with T2DM, and these have implications for blood glucose control.

关键词： Linearly compact   Topological entropy   Algebraic dynamical system   Dual Goldie dimension   Corank   Bernoulli shift  

摘要： For a topological flow (V, phi) - i.e., V is a linearly compact vector space and phi a continuous endomorphism of V - we gain a deep understanding of the relationship between (V, phi) and the Bernoulli shift: a topological flow (V, phi) is essentially a product of one-dimensional left Bernoulli shifts as many as ent*(V, phi) counts. This novel comprehension brings us to introduce a notion of corank for topological flows designed for coinciding with the value of the topological entropy of (V, phi). As an application, we provide an alternative proof of the so-called Bridge Theorem for locally linearly compact vector spaces connecting the topological entropy to the algebraic entropy by means of Lefschetz duality. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Maximal Cohen-Macaulay module   Definable categories   Cotorsion pair   Direct limit closure   Balanced big Cohen-Macaulay module  

摘要： Over a Cohen-Macaulay local ring we consider two extensions of the maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules from the viewpoint of definable subcategories, which are closed under direct limits, direct products and pure submodules. After presenting these categories, we compare them and consider which properties they inherit from the maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules. We then consider some further properties of these classes and how they interact with the entire module category. Crown Copyright (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： cytology   fine-needle   molecular testing   thyroid  

摘要： Background Cases with abnormal category, determined by thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), frequently undergo surgical resection, despite the majority of cases being identified as benign after resection. Additional diagnostic markers are needed to guide the management of patients with abnormal thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods The retrospective study enrolled 150 cases diagnosed abnormal by FNA cytology that had undergone molecular testing with three markers (BRAF V600E, NRAS, and KRAS) on the cell block. Seventy-one cases had a surgical follow-up. Results When NIFTP is not considered as malignant, positive predictive values (PPVs) of cytology and combined cytology and molecular testing (CC-MT) were 67.6% (95% CI: 0.555-0.782) and 89.2% (95% CI: 0.746-0.970) (P = .004), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC-MT was 68.8%, specificity was 82.5%, and the false-positive rate was 17.4%. When NIFTP is considered as malignant, PPVs of cytology and CC-MT were 83.1% (95% CI: 0.743-0.918) and 94.6% (95% CI: 0.873-1.018) (P = .047), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC-MT was 59.3%, specificity was 83.3%, and the false-positive rate was 16.7%. Conclusion The addition of molecular testing with a small panel to FNA cytology may increase the PPV of cytology in abnormal categories. Small panel (BRAF V600E, KRAS, and NRAS) with high specificity and high PPVs may be used particularly for the detection of thyroid malignancy. Cell blocks can be an especially useful and straightforward method for molecular diagnostic studies.

关键词： Lung cancer   NSCLC   Pemetrexed   Chemotherapy   Performance status   ECOG  

摘要： Maintenance chemotherapy (MC) with pemetrexed is a commonly used strategy in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. However, most of the available evidence is from subjects with good performance status (PS), while data on the real-world utility and safety of this strategy in subjects with various categories of PS is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis of multicentric data of 3 centers from India. All patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer who received MC with pemetrexed after induction chemotherapy were included. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based on baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score before initiation of induction chemotherapy as good PS (<2) and poor PS (>= 2). Progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity were assessed in the study population. A total of 290 subjects were included in the study, of whom a significant proportion (n=104, 35.9%) had poor PS. Survival was better in subjects with good PS as compared to those with poor PS (1-year progression-free survival: 43.5% vs 29.8%, P=0.021;1-year overall survival: 61.8% vs 48.1%, P=0.023). Grade 3/4 toxicity was observed in 14.5% of subjects during MC and was not different between both groups (P=0.287). Renal dysfunction was more common in subjects who received >= 10 cycles of MC (10.7% vs 4.2%, P=0.040). MC with pemetrexed appeared to be beneficial and safe in the real-world setting regardless of the baseline PS. However, survival benefit was more pronounced in subjects with good PS at baseline. Renal dysfunction was more frequently encountered in subjects who received prolonged MC. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： anxiety disorders   arousal   conditioning (psychology)   extinction   psychological   mri of brain with functional imaging   prefrontal cortex  

摘要： Key PointsQuestionWhat can DSM-IV-based and Research Domain Criteria-based analytic approaches contribute to the understanding of threat and extinction learning in individuals with anxiety disorders? FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 114 adults with and without anxiety disorders, the categorical DSM-IV-based approach indicated that all groups of individuals with an anxiety disorder, irrespective of DSM-IV diagnosis, exhibited hypoactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during extinction recall. The dimensional research domain criteria-based approach revealed that higher arousal to the unconditioned stimulus during threat learning was associated with higher threat responses during extinction recall. MeaningPersonalized medicine may be better served with the inclusion of both DSM-IV-based and research domain criteria-based approaches, as they provide distinct yet complementary information. ImportanceThe Research Domain Criteria project of the National Institute of Mental Health aims to guide neuropsychiatry toward precision medicine. Its inception was partly in response to the overlap of clinical manifestations between different DSM-IV diagnoses within a category. For example, anxiety disorders comprise a DSM-IV category that includes diagnoses that differ from each other but are all characterized by dysregulated fear levels. Whether DSM-IV-based and Research Domain Criteria-based analytic approaches provide distinct or similar information with regard to the fear circuitry of individuals with anxiety disorders has not been directly tested. ObjectiveTo use a threat conditioning and extinction protocol to conduct categorical (DSM-IV-based) and dimensional (Research Domain Criteria-based) assessments of psychophysiological, neural, and psychometric responses in individuals with and without anxiety disorders. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts

关键词： Omega-category   Polygraph   Poset topology   Pasting diagram   Directed complex   Constructible complex  

摘要： We introduce constructible directed complexes, a combinatorial presentation of higher categories inspired by constructible complexes in poset topology. Constructible directed complexes with a greatest element, called atoms, encompass common classes of higher-categorical cell shapes, including globes, cubes, oriented simplices, and a large sub-class of opetopes, and are closed under lax Gray products and joins. We define constructible polygraphs to be presheaves on a category of atoms and inclusions, and extend the monoidal structures. We show that constructible directed complexes are a well-behaved subclass of Steiner's directed complexes, which we use to define a realisation functor from constructible polygraphs to omega-categories. We prove that the realisation of a constructible polygraph is a polygraph in restricted cases, and in all cases conditionally to a conjecture. Finally, we define the geometric realisation of a constructible polygraph, and prove that it is a CW complex with one cell for each of its elements.

摘要： AIM: To determine useful imaging features for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) categorised as LR-M from non-HCC malignancies in using the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients at high-risk for HCC with surgically confirmed HCCs (n=131) and non-HCC malignancies (n=90) and who had undergone gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were included. LI-RADS categories were assigned to identify hepatic observations defined as LR-M by two radiologists. Major and ancillary imaging features of hepatic observation with targetoid appearance including intratumoural septa were compared between HCCs and non-HCC malignancies. A classification tree analysis (CTA) was applied to differentiate high-risk HCCs from non-HCC malignancies in the LR-M category. RESULTS: A total of 36 HCCs (27.5%) and 70 non-HCC malignancies (77.8%) were assigned as LR-M. An enhancing capsule (p=0.0293), blood products in the mass (p=0.0393), non-targetoid restriction (p=0.018), and a septum (p=0.0053) were significantly predictive of HCC. On CTA, the presence of a septum was an initial predictor for a high probability of HCC followed by non-targetoid restriction. The CTA model has a sensitivity of 63.9%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 81.1% for differentiating HCC assigned LR-M from non-HCC malignancy. CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of HCCs could have been categorised as LR-M as they had a targetoid appearance on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. An intratumoural septum and non-targetoid restriction as well as enhancing capsule and blood products in the mass may be useful for differentiating HCC assigned to LR-M from non-HCC malignancy on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.

关键词： Deep learning   Computer vision   Convolutional neural network   Data augmentation   Dropout   Fruit category classification   Parametric rectified linear unit  

摘要： In this paper, we apply an improved deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in fruit category classification, which is a hotspot in computer vision field. We created an 8-layer deep convolutional neural network, and utilized parametric rectified linear unit to take the place of plain rectified linear unit, and placed dropout layer before each fully-connected layer. Data augmentation was used to help avoid overfitting. Our 8-layer deep convolutional neural network secured an overall accuracy of 95.67%. This proposed 8-layer method performs better than five state-of-the-art methods using traditional machine learning methods and one state-of-the-art CNN method.