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关键词： Differences   Martial arts   Fight  

摘要： Objective: This research was motivated by the importance of knowing the psychological characteristics of martial sports athletes and knowing the difference of psychological characteristics between category art and fight. Method: The population in this research is the Indonesian athletes' martial sports in the Nasional Training Camp. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the subject of 65 athlete match category and 28 athlete art category, Consists of six martial sports;Taekwondo, Karate, Wushu, Pencak Silat, Boxing, and Judo. This research used the method ex post facto with a retrospective causal-comparative design. The data were collected using the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS) questionnaire. Data analysis technique with Independent sample t-test with significance level 0.05. Result: The research findings the psychological characteristics of Indonesian martial sports athletes in the High category. The results of data analysis value of Sig (2-tailed) 0.452. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is the psychological characteristics of Indonesian martial sports athletes were "high". Then, there was no significant difference in the psychological characteristics of athletes martial sport between category art and fight. (C) 2020 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

关键词： 数字技术   机器人   电气自动化  

摘要： 将数字技术应用于工业电气自动化中,能够借助数字技术的方便快捷且高效等特点与优势,为电气自动化带来了新的发展动力,为提升工业的自动化水平并提高产业生产效益奠定了技术。本文结合工作实践,主要结合自身企业在数字技术方面的应用技术,尤其提出基于工业现场总线的工业机器人生产线应用技术,实现机器人柔性制造单元的通信与控制,提高系统的电气自动化程度,提升控制系统本身的柔性和可扩展性,以供参考。

摘要： An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

关键词： Epidemiology   Renal disease   Diabetes   Electronic health records  

摘要： Studies of progression of kidney dysfunction typically focus on renal replacement therapy or percentage decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as outcomes. Our aim was to compare real-world patients with and without T2D to estimate progression from and to clinically defined categories of kidney disease and all-cause mortality. This was an observational cohort study of 31,931 patients with and 33,201 age/sex matched patients without type 2 diabetes (T2D) who had a serum creatinine and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) or dipstick proteinuria (DP) values. We used the first available serum creatinine value between 2006 and 2012 to calculate baseline eGFR and categorized them and the corresponding UACR/DP values using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categories. To assess our primary outcomes, we extracted probabilities of eGFR progression or mortality from life-table analyses and conducted multivariable Cox regression analyses of relative risk adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and use of renal-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Patterns of eGFR decline were comparable among patients with vs. without T2D with larger percentage declines at higher albuminuria levels across all eGFR categories. eGFR decline was generally larger among T2D patients, particularly in those with severely increased albuminuria. Across all CKD categories, risk of progression to the next higher category of eGFR was substantially increased with increasing albuminuria. For example, the risk was 23.5, 36.2, and 65.1% among T2D patients with eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2 and UACR < 30, 30–299, and > 300 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). Other comparisons were similarly significant. Among patients with low eGFR and normal to mildly increased albuminuria, the relative risk was up to 8-fold greater for all-cause mortality compared with the non-CKD subgroup (eGFR> 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with normal to mildly increa

关键词： Systematic classroom observation   classroom behaviour   categorical time series  

摘要： Arguably one of the most valuable tools for investigating pupil behaviour in an educational environment is systematic classroom observation. Classroom observation is often cited as having the potential to enable research of the learning process in action. Low inference classroom observation instruments are designed to record a sequence of data points consisting of successive measurements made over a time interval, making them particularly appropriate as measurement tools of the latent learning process. This study aimed to demonstrate that the frequently used method of analyzing this inherently temporal data proportionally is failing to consider variability between individual pupils that is identifiable in the original time series. Using a combination of real and simulated data, substantially more unique patterns of behaviour were found with time series analyses of the same data than with proportional analyses. It was also found that proportional analyses explained very little variability in the time series data of the same pupils. Modifying the number of samples and categories in an observation schedule did not vastly improve the relationship between proportional and time series analyses. We argue that if the methodological focus of classroom observation is on examining differences between pupils, then methods that maintain temporal aspects are preferable.

关键词： Breast-specific gamma imaging   BSGI   Mammography   Ultrasound   Breast cancer  

摘要： BackgroundWe sought to determine the diagnostic efficacy of Breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in Chinese women with BI-RADS 4 category lesions and to compare this efficacy to that of ultrasound/*** retrospectively analyzed data from 177 women that had undergone BSGI of BI-RADS 4 category lesions originally detected via ultrasound and/or *** these 177 cases, 117 (66.1%) were malignant lesions and 60 (33.9%) were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of BSGI were 94.9% (111/117), 78.3% (47/60), 89.5% (111/124), and 88.7% (47/53), respectively. The specificity and positive predictive values for mammography were 48.3% (29/60) and 77.5% (107/138), while for ultrasound they were 53.3% (32/60) and 79.6% (109/137), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of BSGI for the detection of lesions <= 1cm in size were 90.9% (10/11) and 88.0% (22/25), respectively, while for breast lesions >1cm in size these values were 94.3% (100/106) and 71.4% (25/35), respectively. In addition, BSGI sensitivity and specificity values for dense breast tissue were 94.0% (79/84) and 78.0% (39/50), respectively, whereas for non-dense breast tissue these vales were 97.0% (32/33) and 80.0% (8/10), respectively. The sensitivity of BSGI for invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) was 98.9% (95/96) and 75.0% (9/12), respectively. The tumor to normal tissue ratio of BSGI for malignant lesions was significantly higher than for benign lesions (2.181.17 vs 1.66 +/- 0.40, t=7.56, P<0.05).Conclusions p id=Par These results indicate that BSGI is highly sensitive for the detection of such lesions, achieving good positive/negative predictive values. This suggests that for IDC in particular, BSGI is superior to ultrasound and mammography for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 category lesions, although this was less apparent for the diagnosis of DCIS lesions. BSGI exhibited excellent perform

关键词： Bayes factor   Change-point detection   Dirichlet-multinomial mixtures   Online strategy  

摘要： Change-point detection for categorical data has wide applications in many fields. Existing methods either are distribution-free, not utilizing categorical information sufficiently, or have limited performance when there exists "rare events" (events that occur with low frequency). In this paper, we propose a Bayesian change-point detection model for categorical data based on Dirichlet-multinomial mixtures. Because of the introduction of prior information, our method performs well for the existence of "rare events". An online parameter estimation procedure and an online detection strategy are then designed to adapt to data streams. Monte Carlo simulations discuss the power of the proposed method and show advantages compared with existing algorithms. Applications in biomedical research, document analysis, health news case study and location monitoring indicate practical values of our method. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 法理时代   环境法学   范畴体系  

摘要： 随着自然和环境资源破坏和减少所带来的人类生存压力的增强,人们的环境保护以及资源合理利用的意识不断加强,在此背景下应运产生了环境法学。由于环境法学是一门新兴交叉学科,相关学者对环境法学的范畴体系进行了广泛的讨论研究,主要就环境法学的核心范畴来提出不同的观点,还未达到广泛的共识。本文笔者会对已有观点进行简要概述并提出了自己关于环境法学核心范畴的思考,环境法学范畴体系最为核心部分为环境正义,环境权利与环境义务相辅相成,都是环境法学范畴体系的核心。

关键词： Environmental product declaration   Life cycle assessment   Allocation   Wood-based products   Sawmilling  

摘要： Nowadays, several novel standards guide the environmental assessment work in the field of construction products. In this study, allocation methods presented in EN 15804 standard are demonstrated in a comparable manner for sawmilling products. Cradle to gate assessment was done for three European sawmills, where different allocation methods were used in manufacturing phase. Firstly, were used physical allocation (volume based) and economic allocation (value based). Secondly, manufacturing process steps were divided (subdivision) and physical and economic allocation were used for these. In the third option, used as a reference, all environmental impacts of the manufacturing stage were allocated to the main product. This study focuses on indicators for describing environmental impacts and use of primary energy. Results indicate that allocation influences how impacts are distributed to the sawmilling products. As supposed, sawn timber as main product is getting biggest impact in all cases, because of the biggest quantity in production. Physical allocation is looking volumetric distribution of the products, where economic allocation is also considering value of the products. Additional, subdivision will give more holistic approach based on different production steps together with physical or economic quantities. Based on the results, the subdivision with economic allocation or the economic allocation gives more realistic impacts to low value by-products. Subdivision with economic allocation is the most holistic option, because impacts are allocated by processes, volumes and values. Despite of all standardization work, many different assessment methods can and are still used for the environmental assessment of the building products. That has led to a situation where different datasets are not comparable with each other and this causes confusion in users of the environmental datasets. Therefore, transparent datasets are needed to avoid misunderstandings and the reporting s

关键词： visual expertise   perceptual learning   object recognition   category learning   mental representations  

摘要： Irrespective of whether one has substantial perceptual expertise for a class of stimuli, an observer invariably encounters novel exemplars from this class. To understand how novel exemplars are represented, we examined the extent to which previous experience with a category constrains the acquisition and nature of representation of subsequent exemplars from that category. Participants completed a perceptual training paradigm with either novel other-race faces (category of experience) or novel computer-generated objects (YUFOs) that included pairwise similarity ratings at the beginning, middle, and end of training, and a 20-d visual search training task on a subset of category exemplars. Analyses of pairwise similarity ratings revealed multiple dissociations between the representational spaces for those learning faces and those learning YUFOs. First, representational distance changes were more selective for faces than YUFOs;trained faces exhibited greater magnitude in representational distance change relative to untrained faces, whereas this trained-untrained distance change was much smaller for YUFOs. Second, there was a difference in where the representational distance changes were observed;for faces, representations that were closer together before training exhibited a greater distance change relative to those that were farther apart before training. For YUFOs, however, the distance changes occurred more uniformly across representational space. Last, there was a decrease in dimensionality of the representational space after training on YUFOs, but not after training on faces. Together, these findings demonstrate how previous category experience governs representational patterns of exemplar learning as well as the underlying dimensionality of the representational space.