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关键词： Generative adversarial network   Clothing segmentation   Clothing retrieval   Clothing retrieval   Video advertising  

摘要： This paper presents a new framework, ClothingOut, which utilizes generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate tiled clothing images automatically. Specifically, we design a novel category-supervised GAN model by learning transformation rules between clothes on wearers and clothes that are tiled. Our method features in adding category attribute to a traditional GAN model. For model training, we built a large-scale dataset containing over 20,000 pairs of wearer images and their corresponding tiled clothing images. The learned model can be straightforwardly applied to video advertising and cross-scenario clothing image retrieval. We evaluated our generated images which can be regarded as the segmentation from the wearer images from two aspects: authenticity and retrieval performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Belarus   Poland   professional behaviour   professionalism  

摘要： Aim and objectives To compare the self-reported level of professionalism among nurses in Poland and Belarus and to indicate the areas in which differences in professional behaviours of nurses in both countries exist. Background Nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare providers, and the term professionalism is closely related to nursing profession. Design This investigation is a comparative survey and descriptive analysis of professional behaviours among nurses in Poland (n = 205) and Belarus (n = 236). The study was reported according to the STROBE checklist. Methods The Professionalism in Nursing Behaviors' Inventory Image Survey adapted from Adams and Miller (2001) was used to collect the data. The questionnaire contains 46 questions addressing the following behavioural categories: educational preparation, publications, research, professional organisation, community service, competence, code for nurses, theory and autonomy. Results The mean total score of professionalism was significantly different between the two countries (p < .0001). Significant differences, with higher scores in the group of respondents from Belarus, were also revealed in the following subscales of professionalism: "Professional organisation," "Community service," "Competence" and "Publication." Nurses from Poland had higher levels of "Educational preparation" and "Use of theory." No statistically significant differences were indicated in the "Autonomy" and "Research" subscales. Conclusion Differences in the professionalism level of nurse practitioners in Poland and Belarus are related to nurses' professional position and the context in which they practice. Relevance to clinical practice The results of the present study can help the healthcare management and nursing leaders to support the professional development of nurses and strive for a higher level of professionalism.

关键词： Cognitive constraints   Syntactic hierarchy   Lexical category   Activity   Interpreting types  

摘要： While previous results based on quantitative approaches to interpreting output have evidenced distinctive lexical, syntactic and language sequence features across interpreting types as a result of processing differences, none of them has probed into the lexical category realm. In this paper, the activity index, a normalized ratio between verb and adjective occurrences in the text, was used to capture the lexical-category-related patterns across output texts of three interpreting types, namely, simultaneous interpreting (SI), consecutive interpreting (CI) and read-out translated speech (TR). The results showed that the CI outputs yielded greater activity than the SI outputs due to lower frequencies of adjectives in the former. The discrepancy remained significant when differences in activity of input, text size and average sentence length were controlled for, suggesting processing differences as the chief factor underlying this lexical category bias. Given the syntactic priority of verbs over adjectives, the striking loss of adjectives from CI processing probably derives from "underestimated" cognitive demands in CI, which may exceed those in SI. Our research captures a lexical category bias in language processing under extreme cognitive pressure, and this biased language behaviour may reflect a dynamic adaptive mechanism of language representations to accommodate cognitive constraints. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Question categories   Machine learning   Stack Overflow   Android  

摘要： On question and answer sites, such as Stack Overflow (SO), developers use tags to label the content of a post and to support developers in question searching and browsing. However, these tags mainly refer to technological aspects instead of the purpose of the question. Tagging questions with their purpose can add a new dimension to the identification of discussed topics in posts on SO. In this paper, we aim at automating the classification of SO question posts into seven question categories. As a first step, we harmonized existing taxonomies of question categories and then, we manually classified 1,000 SO questions according to our new taxonomy. Additionally to the question category, we marked the phrases that indicate a question category for each of the posts. We then use this data set to automate the classification of posts using two approaches. For the first approach, we manually analyzed the phrases to find patterns. Based on regular expressions, we implemented a classifier, for each of the categories, that determines whether a post belongs to a category. These regular expressions are derived by analyzing patterns in the phrases. In the second approach, we use the curated data set to train classification models of supervised machine learning algorithms (Random Forest and Support Vector Machines). For the machine learning algorithms, we experimented with 1,312 different configurations regarding the preprocessing of the text and the representation of the input data. Then, we compared the performance of the regex approach with the performance of the best configuration that uses machine learning algorithms on a validation set of 110 posts. The results show that using the regular expression approach, we can classify posts into the correct question category with an average precision and recall of 0.90, and an MCC of 0.68. Additionally, we applied the regex approach on all questions of SO that deal with Android app development and investigated the co-occurrence of ques

关键词： Blood pressure   Cardio-ankle vascular index   Atherosclerosis   Gender difference  

摘要： Background: The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for hypertension have lowered the threshold of normal blood pressure (BP). However, how this updated guideline should be applied to the general population is still under debate, and may depend on gender because of a substantial gender difference in the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to clarify the gender difference in the association between BP category and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, using a community-based cohort. Methods: We examined 1,241 subjects (699 males and 542 females) who underwent health check-ups at our institute. We defined normal pressure as systolic (s)BP <130 mmHg and diastolic (d)BP <80 mmHg, stage 1 hypertension as 130 mmHg <= sBP < 140 mmHg or 80 mmHg <= dBP <90 mmHg and stage 2 hypertension as sBP >= 140 mmHg or dBP >= 90 mmHg, including subjects on antihypertensive medications. High CAVI was defined as CAVI >= 9.0. Results: Age and the prevalence of most of atherosclerotic risk factors increased with increasing BP category in both male and female subjects. A linear relationship between the prevalence of high CAVI and high BP category was observed in males, but not in females. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that BP category was independently associated with high CAVI in males but not in females. Conclusion: There was a difference seen between males and females in the association between BP category, according to the updated ACC/AHA guideline, and CAVI, suggesting that the optimal management strategy for hypertension may depend on not only age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, but also gender. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Japanese College of Cardiology.

关键词： Freight   Logistics facility   Land use   Location choice modeling   City logistics   Paris Region  

摘要： While many past studies analyze the changes in the spatial distribution of logistics facilities and provide insights on the factors that drive the migration of logistics facilities, only a few studies analyze the factors of location choice at the individual facility level. Furthermore, the differences among various facility types, with respect to the key locational characteristics that attract logistics facility developments, are still not clear. This research attempts to fill the research gap by analyzing the location choices for logistics facility development. Using the data from the Paris Region, we characterize the locations and activities of logistics facilities and estimate a logistics facility location choice model for each activity category. The analysis reveals the key locational characteristics that influence logistics facility locations, such as zoning regulations, wholesale job accessibility, population density, and the accessibility to autoroute (controlled-access highway), as well as the heterogeneity in the effects of these characteristics by activity category. Zoning and traditional clusters play a significant role for the locations of newly developed logistics facilities, which underlines the importance of public policies for logistics land use in the Paris region. The effect of the accessibility to population is identified for the group of facilities which serve for retail shops and end-consumers only under the assumption that alternative locations are limited to specialized economic activity/logistics zones, indicating that population accessibility is a secondary factor to the designation as the specialized zone. Zoning changes to/from economic activity/logistics zones may cause significant impacts on the spatial distribution of logistics facilities, and thus, the distribution of goods vehicle traffic flow.

关键词： Automatic image annotation   Image understanding   Deep learning   Sparse coding  

摘要： Automatic image annotation aims to assign relevant keywords to images and has become a research focus. Although many techniques have been proposed to solve this problem in the last decade, giving promissing performance on standard datasets, we propose a novel automatic image annotation technique in this paper. Our method uses a label transfer mechanism to automatically recommend those promising tags to each image by using the category information of images. As image representation is one of the key technique in image annotation, we use sparse coding based spatial pyramid matching and deep convolutional neural networks to model image features. And metric learning technique is further used to combine these features to achieve more effective image representation in this paper. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method get similar or better results than the state-of-the-art methods on three standard image datasets.

关键词： Third-order flow equation of the Kaup-Newell system   Darboux transformation   Exact solutions   Solitons   Positons   Breathers   Rogue waves  

摘要： In this paper, we introduce the third-order flow equation of the Kaup-Newell (KN) system. We study this equation, and we obtain different types of solutions by using the Darboux transformation (DT) and the extended DT of the KN system, such as solitons, positons, breathers, and rogue waves. The extended DT is obtained by taking the degenerate eigenvalues lambda i ->lambda 1(i=3,5,7, horizontal ellipsis ,2k-1) and by performing the Taylor expansion near lambda 1 of the determinants of DT. Some analytic expressions are explicitly given for the first-order solutions. We study the unique waveforms of both the first-order and higher-order rogue-wave solutions for special choices of parameters, and we find different types of such wave structures: fundamental pattern, triangular, modified-triangular, pentagram, ring, ring-triangular, and multi-ring wave patterns. We conclude that the third-order dispersion and quintic nonlinear term of the KN system modify both the trajectories and speeds of the solutions as compared with those corresponding to the second-order flow equation of the KN system.

关键词： evidence   infrastructure   knowledge   power   regulation   renewable energy  

摘要： Regulation is often considered as an arena of conflicts, where power is exercised by the state or developers. This article looks beyond this to consider how power operates in a distributed way through the relationships of the regulatory process. It develops a theoretical framing drawing on Foucauldian and Actor-Network Theory perspectives that emphasises the securing of consent, performativity and the interrelation of knowledge and power . Using research into the regulation of major renewable energy infrastructure, it develops an analytics of power looking at silences, categorisation and black-boxing. This shows how power is operationalised through regulatory practice, so that local communities' concerns are only partially heard, differential attention is paid to project impacts and knowledge claims are selectively warranted as an evidence-base.

关键词： FATIGUE   FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging  

摘要： MS fatigue is neither the specific consequence of an MS relapse nor is it sufficient to be evidence of MS progression. Drawing from the CLIMB cohort, they stratify patients based on Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) cutoffs into groups they define as sustained fatigue (SF), 1-time fatigue, reversible fatigue (RF), and never fatigued (NF). Dividing MS patients into groups of "RF" or "SF" on the basis of changes in these scores over several I years i may not provide sufficiently granular information about fatigue phenomenology or severity. [Extracted from the article]