学科服务 更多>>

关键词： 未然体   已然体   比较  

摘要： 南京境内方言“可VP”句式可具体分为三种:“格VP”(高淳方言圩乡话)、“阿1VP”(高淳方言山乡话)和“阿2VP”(南京方言).三者在基本句法分布上没有明显差异,但在“未然体”和“已然体”的构成形式上有所不同.南京方言“阿2VP”主要通过句末语气词区分“未然”和“已然”.句末语气词“啊”表示“未然”,“啦”表示“已然”.高淳方言主要通过改变句首发问词格式区分“未然”和“已然”,都是在原发问词后加“有”,但“有”字有不同的发展趋势.

关键词： 18E05   20C30   18A32   18A25   18G35   18G30  

摘要： We make several corrections and improvements to the published paper “Combinatorial categorical equivalences of Dold–Kan type”, mostly relating to the standing assumptions of the paper. In particular we have had to add one new assumption, but have been able to remove another.

关键词： 动物检疫   行政许可   行为认知  

摘要： 动物检疫行为属于行政许可范畴,相关的检疫证明和检疫标志是动物卫生监督所(监督站)对符合法律等规定条件的动物或者动物产品实施的。合格的出具证明,即“动物检疫合格证明”,不合格的,填写检疫处理通知单,并按照规定处理。对动物或动物产品依法实施检疫发放的相关法律文书,是法人或者个人进行经营、贩卖、运输等有效的法律凭证。

关键词： 冠状病毒   幼儿园   项目课程   实践探究  

摘要： 3~6岁的幼儿有着特殊的年龄特点,他们以具体形象思维为主,这就意味着幼儿园的课程与传统的中小学课程有着本质的区别。幼儿园课程不是为了成人的需求构建的,而是为了满足儿童生命成长的需要,需要站在儿童的立场上进行考虑。虞永平在《生活化的幼儿园课程》中指出:幼儿园课程不是一个冷冰冰的文本,而是一系列源源不断、引人入胜的体验活动,幼儿园课程呈现的不是人类分门别类的学科知识的地图,而是一幅儿童自身生活的画卷。

关键词： Hurthle cell   fine-needle aspiration   thyroid malignancy   Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology   rate of malignancy   oncocytes  

摘要： Background: Hurthle cell/oncocytic change is commonly reported on thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and may be considered an "atypical cell" by clinicians. This study aims to delineate the association between Hurthle cells in preoperative cytology and subsequent pathology of the indexed thyroid nodule and to report rates of malignancy. Methods: Retrospective review of records of 300 patients with Hurthle cell/oncocytic change on FNA and final surgical pathology at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2013 was performed and compared with a multi-institutional FNA cohort. The degree of Hurthle cell presence was correlated with histopathologic diagnoses. Results: In the Hurthle cell FNA group, Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) categories were as follows: I (nondiagnostic) 14 (4.7%);II (benign) 113 (37.7%);III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance) 33 (11%);IV (follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) 125 (41.6%);V (suspicious for malignancy) 12 (4%);and VI (malignant) 3 (1%). When categorized based on the degree of Hurthle cell change, 59 (29%) were classified as mild, 13 (6%) moderate, and 131 (65%) as predominant. When comparing the results with a multi-institutional FNA cohort (all with surgical confirmation), the presence of Hurthle cells was found to be associated with a lower risk of malignancy in all BSRTC categories, with a statistically significant difference in the BSRTC IV and V groups. The sole exception was when Hurthle cell presence was classified as predominant (defined as >75% of the cellular population);the rate of malignancy was significantly elevated in FNAs interpreted as benign/Bethesda II. Conclusions: Although Hurthle cells have been considered by clinicians as an "atypical cell," their presence does not increase the risk of malignancy within BSRTC categories overall. However, when predominant Hurthle cell change is present, the risk of malignancy i

关键词： 原型范畴理论   隐喻   转喻  

摘要： 词汇是最小的具有独立意义的语言单位。从认知语言学的角度来看,一个词除了自身的典型义项外,还包括通过隐喻和转喻等重要的认知机制产生的其他多义项。原型范畴理论对多义词的形成过程进行了分析,在英语词汇教学中运用原型范畴理论,有利于教师探究事物之间的代替性和相似性,便于学习者更好地理解多义词的引申义,实现深层次的语言加工。本文结合多义动词"RISE"的教学案例,详细分析多义词的教学方式,将帮助语言学习者深入地了解认知原理,从而提高教学质量和学习效果。

关键词： Adam Smith   Enlightenment   Epistemology   Individualism   Mill JS   Utilitarianism  

摘要： Individualism and individualization processes uniquely characterize the birth and development of modernity (Burckhardt;Horkheimer;Taylor). The literature on this topic is endless, even though the impression persists of profound and significant uncertainties concerning the category of individualism. A rapid look at some of the authors who have analyzed the features of modern individualism shows the non-episodic character of the discontent about it. In 1904–1905, Weber observed the difficulty of a univocal definition of “the term ‘individualism’,” which “embraces the utmost heterogeneity of meanings.” In 1930, Dewey manifested his preoccupation with reference to the old category, emphasizing its inadequacy for the solution of the current problems, since it had produced a true “perversion of the whole ideal of individualism” (Dewey). In 1945, Hayek showed his bewilderment about the astonishing “confusion about the meaning of individualism” a category “abused and … misunderstood,” “distorted … into an unrecognizable caricature” by its critics and its followers. More recently, Lukes recalls the difficulty of disentangling the “rich semantic history” of individualism, while Elliot and Ch. Lemert focus on the complexity of the “many selves,” making univocal meanings problematic. Obviously, in this paper we cannot give responses to the vast array of questions linked to the analysis of individualism. Our limited purpose is to go back to a crucial moment in the reflection on individualism, where a strong divergence between two models of individualism arose: Smith’s “historically oriented” inquiry and Mill’s aprioristic analysis. As a result, we will reflect on the following aspects: (1) the rich inquiry into modern individualism carried on by A. Smith, in the context of the Enlightenment;(2) Smith’s attempt to problematically connect modern individualism and the original features of “commercial society”;(3) the approach of J. Stuart Mill, who departs from the Smithian histori

关键词： 范畴化   数据   词汇  

摘要： 词汇是构成语言的基本要素,是人类进行思维和语言交际的重要工具。对于语言学习者而言,词汇学习是一个充满困难的过程,而且词汇能力不足的问题即使在语言学习的高级阶段也依然突出。如何有效地学习和掌握单词、提高学习者的词汇运用能力成为了语言教学研究的重点。本文通过整合认知语言学范畴化研究的理论体系和研究成果,对英语词汇学习的范畴化问题进行研究,并通过教学实验和调查问卷等方式获得相应数据,验证英语词汇学习的范畴化原则,以期提高学习者的词汇学习效率。

关键词： 译文学   译介学   创造性叛逆   学科范畴  

摘要： 谢天振先生《“创造性叛逆”本意与误释——兼与王向远教授商榷》一文,在“创造性叛逆”者究竟指的是“译者”还是“译文”、译介学所处理的是“广义上的翻译”还是“狭义上的翻译”等概念术语的表述上含混不清。站在“译文学”立场看,这与译介学学科范畴界定过于宽泛有关,在等同于“翻译学”“翻译研究”乃至“外国文学”等广阔学术领域的“译介学”界定中,对相关术语概念的辨析势必难以精细精确,也容易引发误解与争论。而译介学的核心概念“创造性叛逆”之所以引起很多的误解误用,原因也在于缺乏精细的界定,以致有人试图拿这个词解释翻译的一切问题。实际上,译介学既然是一个学科概念,就不可能无所不包,以一个“创造性叛逆”作为核心概念,也不可能有效地解释翻译的所有方面尤其是译文方面的问题。译介学本质上属于文化翻译模式,它与译文学不应是相互排斥的关系,而应相辅相成,各从其独特方面贡献于中国的翻译研究与翻译理论建构。

关键词： 中国传统音乐   音乐形态   研究范畴   研究角度   回顾  

摘要： 文章以回顾现状和提出问题的方式,对中国传统音乐形态研究中的两个问题——范畴与角度——进行了探讨。所谓范畴,是指研究的领域、范围。其中列举了王光祈、赵宋光、沈洽、伍国栋、杨民康、褚历、蔡际洲等人的不同主张。所谓角度,是指观察问题的切入点。计有:系统性分析与选择性分析;定性分析与定量分析;静态分析与动态分析;直觉式分析与逻辑式分析等等。最后,还提出了一些值得关注、思考的问题。