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关键词： Aluminium profile surface defects   Common and rare defects   Attention mechanism   Proposal feature maps  

摘要： It is difficult to achieve automatic visual detection of aluminium profile surface defects (APSD) owing to their various categories, irregular shapes, random distribution, and unbalanced samples. Utilising the attention mechanism, the unified detection method attempts to address these challenges for both common and rare defects. We formulate our method as a variant of few-shot learning to recognise the common and rare defect categories. First, a category representation network is applied to extract common category feature maps (CCMs). Second, an attention module is proposed to generate the proposal feature maps (PMs) of each rare category. Third, rare category feature maps (RCMs) are transformed from the CCMs under the guidance of the PMs. Finally, the scores of each category are obtained through the spatial pooling of both CCMs and RCMs. Experimental results on our constructed dataset show that our method is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

摘要： An omega-categorical group of finite burden is virtually finite-by-abelian;an omega-categorical ring of finite burden is virtually finite-by-null;an omega-categorical NTP2 ring is nilpotent-by-finite.

关键词： Digital multiplication   Digital H-space   Digital homotopy associativity   Digital homotopy commutativity   Digital H-function   Magma   Magma homomorphism   Action  

摘要： We apply fundamental ideas from algebraic topology in mathematics to the digital world in computer science. We develop digital H-spaces and digital H-functions between the digital H-spaces with digital multiplications, and construct a necessary and sufficient condition for a digital H-space (or a digital homotopy associative H-space, a digital homotopy commutative H-space, or a digital H-group) to satisfy certain conditions in the category of magmas or a category of algebraic objects such as semigroups, monoids, or groups. We also investigate an action on the set of pointed digital homotopy (associative or commutative) multiplications to create new digital homotopy (resp., associative or commutative) multiplications.

关键词： Fractional stochastic integer programming   Low impact development   Optimization   Uncertainty   Facility category selection  

摘要： Uncertainties in nature and human society influence low impact development (LID) facility category selection during LID facility optimization distribution, however the investigation of this area is seldom. There are still two problems with uncertainty which influence LID facility distribution 1) how uncertainty factors affect LID facility selection and 2) in the case of a number of LID facilities of multiple categories are to be set, how to construct the LID facility optimization distribution model for LID facility category selection under uncertainty. To handle the problems, this study develops a fractional stochastic interval programming model to process LID facility category selection under the influence of uncertainty. The model can either process multiple objectives via objective maximization and minimization or process the stochastic uncertainty and interval uncertainty. The study shows that the uncertainties which influence LID facility category selection exist in rainfall, infiltration rate, release coefficient, unit price and budget. and the study reveal that the key constraint of LID facility category selection is the uncertainty parameter characteristic of the LID facility, in which different parameters lead to various LID facility optimization schemes. Results of the model include a series of LID facility optimization distribution schemes in multiple *** also provide a series of feasible schemes for decision makers, and the manager can select the most appropriate scheme according to water processing level or budget. The developed model could 1) identifying the uncertainty which impact the LID facility distribution. 2) processing the LID facility category selection under interval uncertainty and stochastic uncertainty during LID facility optimization distribution. The method can also be used to estimate the rationality of the LID facility optimization scheme. Moreover, the proposed method is universal and could be extended to other cases of

关键词： Sovereign wealth funds   Employees   Pensions   Corporate governance   Macroeconomic stability   Institutions   Comparative HRM  

摘要： This article reviews the existing literature on SWFs and the firm, focusing particular attention on the implications of the rise of SWFs strategic agility and HRM. This paper outlines three main channels through which sovereign wealth fund (SWF) investment has implications for employees. First, SWFs influence macroeconomic environments, and hence affect labor conditions. Second, institutional conditions in different countries shape the behavior of SWFs around the world, which in turn has implications for HR strategy and practice. Third, SWFs can have a direct effect on the corporate governance and hence HR strategies and employees of organizations in which they invest. We review and discuss these three channels and outline avenues for future research.

关键词： Response adaptive design   ordinal categorical responses   cumulative odds ratio  

摘要： A multi-treatment response adaptive procedure is developed considering "comparison with the best" philosophy of multiple comparison procedures for clinical trials with ordinal categorical responses, when there is no shared control. For each response category, we arbitrarily create two outcome groups;one by combining the categories more favorable to it and the other by merging the categories at most as favorable to it and hence define the odds (i.e. cumulative odds). Pairwise ratios of such odds (i.e. cumulative odds ratios) based on pairs of treatments are combined conveniently to derive a measure of relative superiority and hence the allocation probability functions. For practical implementation, we suggest response-adaptive randomization (RAR), that is, update the allocation probabilities dynamically using the available allocation and response information to favor the treatment doing better. Empirical as well as large sample properties following the randomization are investigated in detail. Moreover, a real clinical trial with trauma patients is redesigned using the proposed RAR to envisage practical applicability.

关键词： Incident investigation   Categorical data analysis   Safety interventions   Axiomatic design   Data mining   Accident causation  

摘要： Although analysing categorical data from incident investigation reports provides meaningful associations amongst causal factors of incidents, however, to date, no studies considered these associations in designing actionable interventions for safety improvement. We propose a methodology using descriptive analytics and axiomatic design framework. In this study, we have analysed injury, and 'property-damage' data, collected for 45 months from a large integrated steel plant. The data are analysed using the contingency table, Cramer's V, Phi coefficients (phi) and Fisher's exact test. The 'wire-making division' is the most injury-prone. Unsafe acts done by fellow workers are significantly causing injuries in 'support services', maintenance and 'steel-making'. The property-damage cases are mostly reported in 'steel-making division', and caused by material-handling, crane-dashing, toxic-chemical, hot-metal and process-related incidents. It is also found that SOP inadequacy and noncompliance are significantly associated with 'property-damage' incidents. The key interventions from axiomatic design are as follows. For process-related incidents, regular inspection and maintenance of safety-critical equipment should be done. Safety-critical instrument and alarms can also be used to monitor safe operating limits of processes. Unsafe acts by fellow workers are the result of lack of coordination and communication. So, the management should identify and provide the types of safety training necessary to improve the same. The material-handling related problems can be handled through improved staff competency and communication. To address the SOP related issues, operating procedures should be reviewed, revised and communicated regularly.

关键词： Guillain-Barre syndrome   Cerebrospinal fluid protein   Albuminocytologic dissociation   Immune neuropathy  

摘要： The discriminative value of CSF total protein (CSF-TP) in subtypes of Guillain-Barre syndrome has not been well documented in North-American patients. We reviewed 173 cases from a single institution, comprising the following clinical categories of neuropathy: 134 Sensorimotor (SM) GBS, 13 Motor (M) GBS, 8 Localized (L) GBS, and 18 Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). We grouped the electrophysiological interpretation in primarily demyelinating, primarily axonal and normal / equivocal categories. Mean CSF-TP were substantially higher for SM and L-GBS, as well as cases classified as Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. They were lower for M-GBS and L-GBS. The most statistically significant correlation was found for elevated CSF-TP in GBS cases showing an electrophysiologic pattern classified as demyelinating (1.56 g/L) compared with axonal (0.68 g/L) or normal/ equivocal patterns (0.65 g/L). There was a correlation between CSF-TP and time interval between symptom onset and lumbar puncture. There was a weak correlation between CSF-TP and maximal overall-clinical severity grade, which was likely mostly determined by the electorphysiological pattern. Though CSF-TP is a sensitive test for GBS in the second week after onset, it may not be a reliable predictor of clinical severity. There is a robust association of CSF-TP elevation and a demyelinative electrophysiologic pattern and a suggestion that lower mean CSF-TP values can be expected in GBS-spectrum disorders thought to represent nodo-paranodopathies.

关键词： FARMS   PROPANE  

摘要： The article reports that Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) added an agronomic heat treatment systems equipment category to its 2020 Propane Farm Incentive Program, which offers up to of qualifying propane-powered equipment.

关键词： Leibniz   Aristotle   categorical syllogism   hypothetical syllogism   reductio ad absurdum   relevance logic  

摘要： Greek antiquity saw the development of two distinct systems of logic: Aristotle's theory of the categorical syllogism and the Stoic theory of the hypothetical syllogism. Some ancient logicians argued that hypothetical syllogistic is more fundamental than categorical syllogistic on the grounds that the latter relies on modes of propositional reasoning such as reductio ad absurdum. Peripatetic logicians, by contrast, sought to establish the priority of categorical over hypothetical syllogistic by reducing various modes of propositional reasoning to categorical form. In the 17th century, this Peripatetic program of reducing hypothetical to categorical logic was championed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In an essay titled Specimina calculi rationalis, Leibniz develops a theory of propositional terms that allows him to derive the rule of reductio ad absurdum in a purely categorical calculus in which every proposition is of the form A is B. We reconstruct Leibniz's categorical calculus and show that it is strong enough to establish not only the rule of reductio ad absurdum, but all the laws of classical propositional logic. Moreover, we show that the propositional logic generated by the nonmonotonic variant of Leibniz's categorical calculus is a natural system of relevance logic known as RMI (sic).