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关键词： 实践活动   社会参与能力   社会参与   评价机制  

摘要： 我们知道在小学低段教学中不仅要学到人文知识,更要将知识运用于今后的生活之中,将实践精神坚持到底,不断提高自身的社会参与度,培养自身的社会参与能力,通过学习不断锻炼、提高,真正为成为社会主义事业的建设者和开创者。

关键词： Naming game   Complex networks   Categorization  

摘要： To reach consensus among interacting agents is a problem of interest for social, economical, and political systems. To investigate consensus dynamics, naming game, as a computational and mathematical framework, is commonly used. Existing works mainly focus on the consensus process of vocabulary evolution in a population of agents. However, in real-world cases, naming is not an independent process but relies on perception and categorization. In order to name an object, agents must first distinguish the object according to its features. We thus articulate a likelihood category game model (LCGM) to integrate feature learning and the naming process. In the LCGM, self-organized agents can define category based on acquired knowledge through learning and use likelihood estimation to distinguish objects. The information communicated among the agents is no longer simply in some form of absolute answer, but involves one's self perception and determination. With its distinguished features, LCGM allows coexistence of multiple categories for an observation. It also provides quantitative explanation that consensus is hard to be reached among serious agents who have a more complex knowledge formation. The proposed LCGM and this study are able to provide new insights into the emergence and evolution of consensus in complex systems. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HIV-1   Envelope   gp120   V1 domain   O-glycosylation   broadly neutralizing antibodies   immune evasion   escape mechanism  

摘要： Approximately 50% of the mass of the Envelope (Env) glycoprotein surface subunit (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is composed of N-linked carbohydrate. Until now, the dogma has been that HIV-1 lacks O-linked carbohydrate on Env. Here we show that a subset of patient-derived HIV-1 isolates contain O-linked carbohydrate on the variable 1 (V1) domain of Env gp120. We demonstrate the presence of this O-glycosylation both on virions and on gp120 expressed as a secreted protein. Further, we establish that these O-linked glycans can confer a more than 1,000-fold decrease in neutralization sensitivity (IC50) to V3-glycan broadly neutralizing antibodies. These findings uncover a structural modification to the HIV-1 Env and suggest a functional role in promoting viral escape from one category of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

关键词： Satisfaction   Purchase intention   WOM   PLS-SEM   Relationship proneness   Product category involvement  

摘要： Purpose Product category involvement and relationship proneness are crucial in explaining relationship outcomes. Nevertheless, the authors know little about their roles in the formation of loyalty, especially in the retail industry. Individual consumer traits and preferences are likely to play a critical role in the success of relationship marketing. Yet, relationship marketing studies have fallen short of considering such individual differences. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effects of product category involvement and relationship proneness on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty in retail clothing stores. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using a survey of 220 consumers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed theoretical model. Findings The results show that satisfaction significantly affects product category involvement and relationship proneness, which, in turn, significantly affect purchase intention and word-of-mouth (WOM). The results also show that product category involvement and relationship proneness partially mediate the impact of satisfaction on purchase intention and WOM. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to explore the mediating effects of product category involvement and relationship proneness on the relationship between satisfaction, purchase intention and WOM in the retail industry.

关键词： dummy variables   multicategory   penalized regression   sign consistency   transformation  

摘要： Models for the ordered multiple categorical (OMC) response variable have already been extensively established and widely applied, but few studies have investigated linear regression problems with OMC predictors, especially in high-dimensional situations. In such settings, the pseudocategories of the discrete variable and other irrelevant explanatory variables need to be automatically selected. This paper introduces a transformation method of dummy variables for such OMC predictors, an L-1 penalty regression method is proposed based on the transformation. Model selection consistency of the proposed method is derived under some common assumptions for high-dimensional situation. Both simulation studies and real data analysis present good performance of this method, showing its wide applicability in relevant regression analysis.

关键词： Visual word perception   Early expectation effect   Print tuning   Reading  

摘要： How and when top-down information modulates visual-orthographic processing is an essential question in reading research. In a previous study, we showed that task modulation of print-tuning started at around 170 ms after stimulus presentation in the N1 offset of the ERP, while the N1 onset was yet unaffected. Here we test how prior category-level expectation affects visual-orthographic processing. Familiar, left/right-structured Chinese characters and stroke number matched, unfamiliar Korean characters were presented, while expectation about the upcoming stimuli was manipulated with green and blue colored frames (high Chinese vs. high Korean expectation). EEG data of 18 native Chinese speakers were recorded while participants performed an expectation judgment task. Results from occipito-temporal and whole map analyses revealed that effects of prior expectation changed throughout the N1. Accordingly in the N1 onset, a print tuning main effect was found, with a stronger N1 to Chinese characters than Korean characters, irrespective of expectation. In the N1 offset, an expectation-bycharacter interaction was observed at the whole map level, with a more negative N1 to Korean characters than Chinese characters when expecting a Chinese character, but no such difference when expecting a Korean character. Moreover, the expectation-by-character interaction continued to the N250, with similar responses to Chinese and Korean characters under the Chinese expectation condition, while less negative N250 to Korean than Chinese under the Korean expectation condition. Taken together, the current study provides evidence that prior category-level expectation starts to take effect at an early stage even within 200 ms by facilitating the processing of expected stimuli, suggesting that category-level expectation can influence early visual-orthographic processing during word recognition.

关键词： Meta-analysis   mixed-effects model   subgroup analyses   residual between-studies variance  

摘要： Mixed-effects models can be used to examine the association between a categorical moderator and the magnitude of the effect size. Two approaches are available to estimate the residual between-studies variance, -namely, separate estimation within each category of the moderator versus pooled estimation across all categories. We examine, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation study, both approaches for estimation in combination with two methods, the Wald-type and F tests, to test the statistical significance of the moderator. Results suggest that the F test using a pooled estimate of across categories is the best option in most conditions, although the F test using separate estimates of is preferable if the residual heterogeneity variances are heteroscedastic.

关键词： Gorenstein投射复形   纯正合列   FP-投射复形  

摘要： 引入了Gorenstein投射复形范畴中的纯正合列.通过Gorenstein投射复形范畴中绝对纯性的研究,引入了Gorenstein投射复形范畴中的FP-投射复形,给出了FP-投射复形的等价刻画.

关键词： 艺术理论   范畴   界域  

摘要： 美学从哲学中分离出来后,艺术学又从美学中独立出来。德国和日本的艺术学研究走在了我们前面,宗白华和马采分别继承了德国和日本的学术传统,成为中国近代艺术学理论的先驱。但中国艺术学应该建基在中国历史和艺术的基础之上,其理念和方法也应该是"中国"的,而不能简单运用西方的理论生硬地套用。借鉴西方理论的程度和界域是颇难把握的一种技术,如何做到恰到好处是艺术学界的学人应该思考的现实问题。