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关键词： 科技文本   英汉翻译   范畴转换   补偿策略  

摘要： 科学技术是当今社会的发展主流，也是中流砥柱。其中交叉领域的发展势头更是为社会进步创造了无限可能，尤其是生物技术与医学领域的交叉，为生命带来了许多奇迹。本次翻译实践的源文本是一篇有关卵巢癌治疗的报告，名为《DNA damage response and repair in ovarian cancer:Potential targets for therapeutic strategies》。2019年年底该文发表于NCBI，是篇最新的研究成果，其内容主要涉及卵巢癌中DNA损伤修复机制的探究。\n 由于英汉两种语言分属不同语系，同时又存在不同的语言习惯和表达方式，因此，笔者在翻译时采取了卡特福德的翻译转换理论中的范畴转换类型以期翻译过程中译入语对源语形式对应的脱离，即语言在结构、词类、等级和内部体系范畴做相应的调节，增强目的语的可读性。然而，卡特福德的翻译转换理论不足以解释所有发生在语言层面上的转换，也就是说当转换发生后，源文和译文在文化、心理、社会等非语言因素上不对等，造成了信息损失。\n 为了实现功能对等，笔者又借助了赫维和希金斯的翻译补偿策略，以尽可能完整的传达源文信息。因此报告中分析了范畴转换视角下的翻译补偿策略的应用。通过探讨范畴转换与翻译补偿策略的相互契合点，作者分析了结构转换、类别转换和单位转换与换位补偿、溶合和拆译补偿及类比补偿在句子层面结合应用的具体表现。最后总结了本次翻译实践的切身体会，希望能为英汉科技文本的翻译提供有效的实践策略。

关键词： 正常分娩   概念   范畴   自然分娩   异常分娩  

摘要： 回顾正常分娩的概念和范畴的发展历程,分析和总结正常分娩可采取的有利干预措施、不属于正常分娩范畴的措施,以及正常分娩与相关概念的鉴别,为临床实践和今后的研究提供参考.

关键词： Quiver representations   Abelian categories  

摘要： We introduce the notion of (twisted) quiver representations in abelian categories and study the category of such representations. We construct standard resolutions and coresolutions of quiver representations and study basic homological properties of the category of representations. These results are applied in the case of parabolic vector bundles and framed coherent sheaves. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： 不可译性   原型范畴理论   《摩登家庭》  

摘要： 翻译中的“不可译性”是由源语和译入语本身语言特征和文化背景的不同导致的，要做到译作和原作完全对等几乎是不可能的。目前已有不少关于不可译性的研究，但对于喜剧作品中幽默语言不可译性的研究并不多见。本文将以美国情景喜剧《摩登家庭》为例，从原型范畴视角出发，探讨英语汉译中幽默感的不可译性。

关键词： attention   event-related potential   face   forward masking   human   low spatial frequency   recognition   vision  

摘要： Abstract: A psychophysiological experiment was carried out with participation of 20 healthy volunteers to analyze the efficiency of a forward masking of everyday objects with socially significant images of two categories, buildings and human faces, and to evaluate the effect of a low-pass filtering of the mask. Black-and-white photographs of everyday objects, buildings, and faces served as stimuli and masks. The reaction time (RT) of stimulus recognition depended on the mask category;i.e., a stimulus was identified faster when masked with a face image than with a building image. An analysis of the RT distribution showed that the mask category influenced the mean RT and that the spatial frequency of the mask influenced the distribution variance, which increased in the case of low-spatial-frequency (LSF) masks. The identification accuracy did not depend on the mask category. Low-pass filtering decreased the identification accuracy in the case of building-type masks. Amplitudes of the early components of event-related potentials (ERPs) depended on the mask category and spatial frequency. Face-type masks were associated with greater amplitudes of the occipital-temporal N50 and frontal P50 components as compared with building-type masks. LSF masks decreased the components. The mid-latency components N150 and P200 depended more on the spatial frequency than on the mask category. LSF masks increased N150 in the frontal and occipital-temporal areas and decreased P200 in the occipital areas. The mask category influenced only the amplitude of the occipital-temporal N150 component, which was higher with face-type masks. A weaker masking effect of face images was associated with their potential to increase spatial attention. Low-pass filtering made it more difficult to process information about the masking image, thus interfering with discrimination between mask and target stimuli. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

关键词： Obesity   NCD prevention   Food price   Price promotions   Generic brands   Public health policy  

摘要： Price is a key determinant of food choice, particularly for low-income households who may be more sensitive to price-lowering strategies such as price promotions and generic/retailer-owned brands. Price-lowering strategies may therefore represent important policy targets to improve population nutrition and reduce inequities. This study aimed to describe household purchasing patterns of price promoted and generic branded foods and beverages in New Zealand (2016-2017). One year of grocery purchase data from a national consumer research panel in New Zealand (n = 1778 households) were analysed. Purchases were classified by processing level and food type. Linear mixed models were fitted to estimate the mean proportion of annual household purchases (unique items and volumes (kg/L)) that were price promoted or generic branded (overall and by food category), and to assess whether purchasing patterns were modified by income level. On average, price promoted products constituted 50% (95%CIs;49,51) of all unique annual household grocery items purchased. Fifty-nine percent (95%CIs;58,60) of processed, 55% (95%CIs;54,56) of ultra-processed, 45% (95%CIs;44,46) of unprocessed and 45% (95%CIs;44,46) of ingredient purchases were price promoted. By volume, the proportion of purchases that were price promoted was highest for meat (65%[95%CIs;64,66]), sugar-sweetened beverages (64%[95%CIs;62,65]), dairy foods (64%[95%CIs;63,66]), confectionary (64%[95%CIs;63,66]), snack foods (63%[95%CIs;61,64]), oils (61%[95%CIs;60,62]) and non-sugar-sweetened beverages (60%[95%CIs;58,62]), and lowest for dairy beverages (30%[95%CIs;28,31]), sugar/honey (33%[95%CIs;32,35]) and sauces/spreads (39%[95%CIs;37,40]). On average, generic brands constituted 10% (95%CIs;9,10) of all household purchases. Overall, a significantly greater proportion of purchases made by low and middle-income households were price promoted and generic branded compared to high-income households (p < 0.001 for both), a pattern gene

关键词： 原型范畴理论   多义词   抄  

摘要： 多义词是人类语言中普遍存在的现象,既是语言经济性原则的客观要求,也是人类认知范畴化和概念化的具体体现。"抄"是现代汉语中的一个常用词,且有多个义项,但各个义项之间不是毫无关联的,运用认知语言学中的原型范畴理论,对多义词"抄"的语义范畴进行分析,梳理脉络,发现这些义项之间基本上遵照人类的认知规律,通过隐喻、转喻等认知机制演变而来。

关键词： 刀马旦身段   流派特征   锣鼓与节奏  

摘要： 京剧刀马旦演员是运用京剧的"四功五法"综合表演手段塑造人物的,其中,刀马旦的身段给观众留下了深刻的印象,京剧刀马旦演员需要掌握深厚的表演技巧。京剧刀马旦的表演在不同剧目、不同人物身上展现的风格不同,使得刀马旦人物各有风采。在京剧刀马旦这一行当的发展中,形成了多个流派,各流派风格迥异。

关键词： 风景园林   生态伦理   环境伦理   环境美学  

摘要： 生态伦理的概念在其演化进程中因语境转换出现了多种阐释方向。当代风景园林规划设计的基础更加偏向于依据生态学框架对传统伦理学范畴进行拓展的狭义生态伦理,其框架是由科学描述推出道德规定。在实践应用中,生态伦理的伦理优越性易被表象化为特定研究方法或量化指标的绝对正确性,从而产生消极影响。对此,近年来学科内不断涌现拓展生态设计人文维度、松动人与自然物二元对立模型的探索。

关键词： 阐释学   共识   公共理性   社会历史范畴  

摘要： 张江教授采用正态分布描述各种阐释观点获得接受的概率,很大程度上,正态分布肯定的概率默认了公共理性的前提。然而,数学语言的抽象性滤掉了社会历史范畴——数学语言擅长的是表述各种超历史的现象。因此,概率无法说明为什么另一些偏执的文本阐释可能在特定的时间与空间突如其来地成为正统,并且形成特殊的效应。阐释的有限与无限构成一个巨大的理论漩涡,剧烈地冲击着见仁见智的多元阐释。必须穿过数学语言的帷幕持续地追溯社会历史范畴,探寻何种历史土壤促成了现代阐释的急速发育。