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关键词： Steel moment frames   Risk category   Collapse risk   Earthquake loss assessment   Expected annual losses   Seismic effects  

摘要： y This paper quantifies the collapse risk and earthquake-induced economic loss in low- to mid-rise steel frame buildings assigned to different risk categories, which are designed with perimeter special moment-resisting frames in highly seismic regions in North America. Each archetype building is designed in accordance with two seismic design force levels as permitted within current seismic building code provisions. For this purpose, a probabilistic framework that can explicitly account for various uncertainties inherent in seismic hazard, structural response, and resulting damage is used. It is shown that, depending on the seismic design practice, the collapse risk of the archetype buildings may be of fundamental concern. In this case, it is suggested that the upper-bound design practice, which provides the maximum strength and stiffness to the relevant building, should be used in the structural design process. For moderate-to-high seismic events, the expected economic loss due to building demolition and replacement is the greatest contributor to the total economic losses in low- to mid-rise standard office buildings of an ordinary use, whereas the repair of nonstructural components is the most significant contributor to the total loss in higher-occupancy archetype buildings. For frequent seismic events, the repair to acceleration-controlled nonstructural components accounts for most of the economic losses regardless of assigned risk category.

关键词： Invertible module   Stable category   Endotrivial module  

摘要： We construct a well-behaved stable category of modules for a large class of infinite groups. We then consider its Picard group, which is the group of invertible (or endotrivial) modules. We show how this group can be calculated when the group acts on a tree with finite stabilisers. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automatic clustering   Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA)   Pareto approach   Statistical test  

摘要： Many clustering algorithms categorized as K-clustering algorithm require the user to predict the number of clusters (K) to do clustering. Due to lack of domain knowledge an accurate value of K is difficult to predict. The problem becomes critical when the dimensionality of data points is large;clusters differ widely in shape, size, and density;and when clusters are overlapping in nature. Determining the suitable K is an optimization problem. Automatic clustering algorithms can discover the optimal K. This paper presents an automatic clustering algorithm which is superior to K-clustering algorithm as it can discover an optimal value of K. Iterative hill-climbing algorithms like K-Means work on a single solution and converge to a local optimum solution. Here, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) find out near global optimum solutions, i.e. optimal K as well as the optimal cluster centroids. Single-objective clustering algorithms are adequate for efficiently grouping linearly separable clusters. For non-linearly separable clusters they are not so good. So for grouping non-linearly separable clusters, we apply Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) by minimizing the intra-cluster distance and maximizing inter-cluster distance. Many existing MOGA based clustering algorithms are suitable for either numeric or categorical features. This paper pioneered employing MOGA for automatic clustering with mixed types of features. Statistical testing on experimental results on real-life benchmark data sets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository proves the superiority of the proposed algorithm. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpretive structural modelling (ISM)   International projects   Project risk   Project strategies  

摘要： Purpose International projects very commonly experience failure due to various factors at the global level. Especially, large projects at the international level virtually have no chance of meeting scope, time, cost and quality. This fact has been underlined by most of the international surveys and published literature. Effective risk management plays a vital role in preventing projects from failure by implementing appropriate risk response strategies. The success of risk management will be based on the understanding of various risk categories which specifically affect international projects, analysis of their interdependence, prioritize them according to their importance and develop strategies for risk management based on the prioritization. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper represents typical eight risk categories frequently observed in the international projects through literature survey and feedback from project professionals. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Matrice d'Impacts croises-multiplication applique ' an classment (MICMAC) analysis have been used to analyze the interactions among the risk categories and prioritize them. The strategy management tool threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) matrix has been used to develop the strategies for effective project risk management. Findings The analysis represents political risks, contractual and legal risks, cultural risks, and financial and economic risks as the highest priority risk categories, the mitigation of which should be paid the highest attention. The strengths-threats strategy has been applied to develop the strategies by identifying the various internal strengths of project organization to overcome the various threats caused by the eight risk categories observed in international projects. Originality/value This paper uses ISM and MICMAC for risk prioritization in international projects and TOWS matrix for developing risk managemen

关键词： 爽   范畴   特征  

摘要： 中国古典美学是中国诗性智慧灵动而又鲜活的载体,对于以感性经验为对象的直觉思维,建构互相指涉彼此渗透的动态范畴体系是较为妥贴的一种“言说”方式。“爽”作为中国古典美学的核心范畴之一,衍生出其独特的序列范畴和合体范畴,对古代文人的文艺创作、批评和鉴赏等各方面带来深刻影响,具有感官性、灵活性和超越性的特征。

关键词： 魏晋书论   文艺品评   "骨"   美学概念  

摘要： "骨"说是魏晋书论中的核心范畴,与"力""体""势""意""神韵"等美学概念相互关系,涉及书法的各个层面。本文通过对"骨"概念及其搭配的廓清和梳理,说明"骨"之内涵如何演变成一种特定的审美价值取向,进而对书论中"骨"说的范畴及释义进行分类整理,兼论唐宋以后"骨"说的继承与流变。

关键词： p-可除模   模范畴   商范畴   等价  

摘要： 将所有能被p-可除kG-模分解的同态映射做成一个理想,利用该理想构造了有限群G的模范畴的商范畴,分析了该商范畴中的零对象,并得到该商范畴的3个等价函子。

关键词： 原型范畴   被动结构   习得规律   俄语教学  

摘要： 原型范畴理论是认知语言学中的重要理论之一,它为语言研究及语言教学提供了新的视角。本文在阐释俄语被动结构的意义和形式-语义类别的基础上,以原型范畴理论为视角,分析被动结构的核心成员和边缘成员,探究习得规律。一方面意在丰富俄语被动结构的理论研究,另一方面皆在推动原型范畴理论在俄语教学中的广泛应用。

关键词： Ω-左R-子模范畴   双诱导函子   伴随性  

摘要： 本文给出了Ω-左R-子模范畴的概念,得到了一对双诱导函子,证明了双诱导函子的伴随性.

关键词： 思想政治教育   规律   本质   矛盾   范畴  

摘要： 思想政治教育的规律是思想政治教育中的本质联系和必然趋势,是对思想政治教育本质的集中反映。思想政治教育基本规律的揭示要立足于"思想""政治""教育"三组核心范畴,从中找寻出思想政治教育的三对基本矛盾:宏观层次,"政治的教育"与"教育的政治"之间的矛盾;中观层次,思想政治教育主客体的思想矛盾;微观层次,思想政治教育对象的思想自为同思想自在之间的矛盾。并由此推断出思想政治教育的三大基本规律:宏观层面的科学价值统一律,即从属性上看,思想政治教育以科学性为前提,以价值性为追求,两者相互融合;中观层面的主客体双向互动律,即思想政治教育主客体以"业"为内容,以"惑"为焦点,在交流互动中,实现"道"的追求;微观层面的社会意识内化外化律,即个体要经由将社会意识内化为思想观念,并将思想观念外化为行为习惯的过程,以实现从思想自在状态向思想自为状态的转化。