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关键词： Spatial processing   Handedness   Categorical   Coordinate  

摘要： A previous study reported superior categorical and coordinate spatial task performance in inconsistent-versus consistent-right-handers (ICH versus CRH). Propper et al. used a three-dimensional (3D) computer-based task wherein individuals navigated to 21 locations within a realistic cityscape. During testing, participants were queried on their categorical and coordinate spatial knowledge of the map. In that study, the categorical and coordinate tasks may have inadvertently encouraged language coding of learned spatial information, potentially confounding spatial processing with recall ability for language-based information. Also, that study used a between-subjects design, which precludes examination of relationships between spatial knowledge as a function of handedness. The present study duplicated the learning task in Propper et al. using test stimuli that more faithfully represent spatial, and not language-based, information, as well as a within-subjects design. Results did not significantly replicate the previous study. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed.

关键词： categorical attributes   discretization   grouping   ILP   numerical attributes  

摘要： Inductive logic programming (ILP) induces concepts from a set of positive examples, a set of negative examples, and background knowledge. ILP has been applied on tasks such as natural language processing, finite element mesh design, network mining, robotics, and drug discovery. These data sets usually contain numerical and multivalued categorical attributes;however, only a few relational learning systems are capable of handling them in an efficient way. In this paper, we present an evolutionary approach, called Grouping and Discretization for Enriching the Background Knowledge (GDEBaK), to deal with numerical and multivalued categorical attributes in ILP. This method uses evolutionary operators to create and test numerical splits and subsets of categorical values in accordance with a fitness function. The best subintervals and subsets are added to the background knowledge before constructing candidate hypotheses. We implemented GDEBaK embedded in Aleph and compared it to lazy discretization in Aleph and discretization in Top-down Induction of Logical Decision Trees (TILDE) systems. The results obtained showed that our method improves accuracy and reduces the number of rules in most cases. Finally, we discuss these results and possible lines for future work.

关键词： Bag of words   Complaint letters   Semantic fields   Service providers   Supervised machine learning   Text classification  

摘要： In the technological age, the phenomenon of complaint letters published on the Internet is increasing. Therefore, it is important to automatically classify complaint letters according to various criteria, such as company categories. In this research, we investigated the automatic text classification of complaint letters written in Hebrew that were sent to various companies from a wide variety of categories. The classification was performed according to company categories such as insurance, cellular communication, and rental cars. We conducted an extensive set of classification experiments of complaint letters to seven/six/five/four company categories. The classification experiments were performed using various sets of word unigrams, four machine learning methods, two feature filtering methods, and parameter tuning. The classification results are relatively high for all six measures: accuracy, precision, recall, F1, PRC-area, and ROC-area. The best accuracy results for seven, six, five, and four categories are 84.5%, 88.4%, 91.4%, and 93.8%, respectively. An analysis of the most frequently occurring words in the complaints about almost all categories revealed that the most significant issues were related to poor service and delayed delivery. An interesting result shows that only in the domain of hospitals was the subject of the domain itself (i.e., the patient, the medical treatment, the place of the treatment, and the medical staff) the most important issue. Another interesting finding is that the issue of "price" was of little or no importance to the complainants. These findings suggest that in their pre-occupation with their bottom line of profitability, many service providers are blind to how paramount good service and timely delivery (and, in the case of hospitals, the domain itself) are to their clientele.

关键词： Magnesium alloys   Scanning transmission electron microscopy   Metastable phase beta(F)' - beta(F)' configurations   Transformation  

摘要： The morphology and the structure of beta(F)' metastable phase were studied in aged binary Mg-Nd alloy by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The proposed three categories of beta(F)' - beta(F)' configurations are respectively aligned, staggered and inserted configurations, which can explain well the beta"' structure proposed previously based on the experimental images and constructed models. The inserted beta(F)' - beta(F)' configuration is the most important one during the structural evolution of aging, which play a crucial role in the in-situ transformation from the D0(19)-like to the quasi-beta(1) structures. (C) 2019 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Idiopathic intracranial hypertension   Primary open angle glaucoma   Meniere's disease   Fluid tension disorders  

摘要： Open-angle glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and Meniere's disease are disorders managed by different specialties in medicine viz. ophthalmology, neurology, and otorhinolaryngology respectively. By working in silos, the similarity of these disorders is overlooked. Close inspection of these disorders reveals the presence of signs and symptoms triggered by fluid under high pressure within relatively closed chambers. There is a similarity in the capillary production of fluid, which then circulates and drains into the venous system. Management practices that reduce fluid production, decrease fluid pressure or enhance fluid drainage are employed for the treatment of all three disorders. A search for a unifying mechanism explaining the pathophysiology of all three disorders may unlock effective and perhaps curative measures for these disorders.

摘要： Publishers should send books for review to Ejaz Ahmed, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 (mailto:***@***). The book purchase programs of the American Society for Quality can provide some of these books at reduced prices for members. I Lectures on Categorical Data Analysis i is an outstanding book presenting the fundamental results in categorical data analysis. [Extracted from the article]

关键词： Multisensory   Consciousness   Neural networks   Psychophysics   Global neuronal workspace  

摘要： Neural evidence suggests that mechanisms associated with conscious access (i.e., the ability to report on a conscious state) are "all-or-none". Upon crossing some threshold, neural signals are globally broadcast throughout the brain and allow conscious reports. However, whether subjective experience (phenomenal consciousness) is categorical (i.e., transitioning abruptly from unconscious to conscious states) or graded (i.e., characterized by multiple intermediate states) remains an open question. To address this issue, we built a series of artificial neural networks containing distinct feedback connectivity from "multisensory" to "unisensory" cortices. In line with consciousness theories, we operationalized perceptual consciousness by the presence of feedback from higher-order nodes back to unisensory nodes which allow 'neural ignition' - a rapid, non-linear boost in response putatively leading to phenomenal consciousness. When simulating how these networks responded to unisensory and multisensory inputs, we found the fastest responses for multisensory presentations associated with multisensory feedback, and the slowest responses for multisensory presentations without feedback. Most interestingly, despite being built in line with "all-or-none" models of consciousness, multisensory stimuli associated with unisensory feedback (i.e., auditory or visual), and hence consistent with unisensory phenomenology according to theories of consciousness, generated intermediate reaction times. To extend these models to human perception and performance, we conducted extensive psychophysical testing in 29 subjects who each completed 10 h of a multisensory cue-congruency task. Consistent with the modeling results, we found that reaction times to multisensory cues reported as unisensory were intermediate between those of fully aware and fully unaware cues. These results support the existence of graded forms of phenomenological consciousness that can be instantiated by simple neural net

关键词： 14M15   20G42 (primary)  

摘要： Truncated shifted Yangians are a family of algebras which naturally quantize slices in the affine Grassmannian. These algebras depend on a choice of two weights lambda and mu for a Lie algebra g, which we will assume is simply laced. In this paper, we relate the category O over truncated shifted Yangians to categorified tensor products: For a generic integral choice of parameters, category O is equivalent to a weight space in the categorification of a tensor product of fundamental representations defined by the third author using KLRW algebras. We also give a precise description of category O for arbitrary parameters using a new algebra which we call the parity KLRW algebra. In particular, we confirm the conjecture of the authors that the highest weights of category O are in canonical bijection with a product monomial crystal depending on the choice of parameters. This work also has interesting applications to classical representation theory. In particular, it allows us to give a classification of simple Gelfand-Tsetlin modules of U(gln) and its associated W-algebras.

关键词： babbling   consonant place of articulation   infants   intersensory matching   perception-production link   phoneme categorization  

摘要： The influence of motor knowledge on speech perception is well established, but the functional role of the motor system is still poorly understood. The present study explores the hypothesis that speech production abilities may help infants discover phonetic categories in the speech stream, in spite of coarticulation effects. To this aim, we examined the influence of babbling abilities on consonant categorization in 6- and 9-month-old infants. Using an intersensory matching procedure, we investigated the infants' capacity to associate auditory information about a consonant in various vowel contexts with visual information about the same consonant, and to map auditory and visual information onto a common phoneme representation. Moreover, a parental questionnaire evaluated the infants' consonantal repertoire. In a first experiment using /b/-/d/ consonants, we found that infants who displayed babbling abilities and produced the /b/ and/or the /d/ consonants in repetitive sequences were able to correctly perform intersensory matching, while non-babblers were not. In a second experiment using the /v/-/z/ pair, which is as visually contrasted as the /b/-/d/ pair but which is usually not produced at the tested ages, no significant matching was observed, for any group of infants, babbling or not. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the emergence of babbling could play a role in the extraction of vowel-independent representations for consonant place of articulation. They have important implications for speech perception theories, as they highlight the role of sensorimotor interactions in the development of phoneme representations during the first year of life.

关键词： Attribute data   Bayesian network   Quality control   Multinomial distribution   Statistical process control  

摘要： A Bayesian network is developed to monitor a production process where categorical attribute data are available. The number of sample items in each category is entered each time period, allowing the revised probability that the system is in-control or in one of multiple out-of-control states to be calculated. In contrast to other Bayesian methods, qualitative knowledge can be combined with sample data. The network permits the classification of the system into more than two states, so diagnostic analysis can be performed simultaneously with inference. The system state can be updated to reflect evidence on variables that complements the sample data. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.