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关键词： prisoner reentry   gender   race   inequality   organizations  

摘要： Since gender organizes key reentry services such as housing, formerly incarcerated people seeking resources must successfully inhabit a gender category. Drawing on seven months of ethnography and 79 interviews with service providers and formerly incarcerated transgender people, I show that these organizational practices of gender categorization are racialized and impact resource access. Most gender-segregated housing programs rely on biology-based definitions of gender. These gender rules create workable options for trans men to stay with women, but bar trans women from women's spaces. Once in gendered housing programs, clients need to navigate gender assessment in interactions. Trans men employed several strategies to establish gendered selves who were easily categorized as either male or female, which allowed them to access stable housing. Gender sanctioning posed a major problem for black trans women. Black trans women were highly scrutinized in women's programs, characterized as illegitimate based on biological definitions of gender, and harassed for any perceived deviation from gender norms. When harassment escalated into conflict, they were expelled from programs. Regulation of black trans women's womanhood led to systematic material deprivation. By understanding the connections between categorical exclusions and exclusion from resources we can better understand the reproduction of reentry hardship and inequality more broadly.

关键词： genetic inheritance   Algebra   Category   Heredity  

摘要： Recollements of abelian categories are used as a basis of a homological and recursive approach to quasi-hereditary algebras. This yields a homological proof of Dlab and Ringel's characterisation of idempotent ideals occurring in heredity chains, which in turn characterises quasi-hereditary algebras recursively. Further applications are given to hereditary algebras and to Morita context rings.

关键词： Excoriation disorder   Skin picking disorder   Obsessive-compulsive   Impulse control disorders   Gambling disorder   Comorbidity   DSM-5  

摘要： Excoriation disorder (ED) is currently classified in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' Obsessive compulsive and Related Disorders section (OCRD). However, there remain debates regarding whether ED is related to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) or whether it is better conceptualized as a behavioral addiction. The present research compared the diagnostic overlap and psychiatric comorbidities of 121 individuals seeking treatment for ED (n = 40), OCD (n = 41) and gambling disorder (GD) (n = 40). ED was more likely to overlap with OCD (n = 14) than GD (n = 3). Compared to OCD, ED had similar frequencies of other body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), but higher frequency of addictive behaviors (Odds Ratio OR = 11.82). In comparison to GD, ED had similar frequencies of addictive behaviors, but higher frequency of BFRBs (OR =19.67). The results support the recent classification of ED as an OCRD. However, ED presents an association with behavioral addictions that suggests a mixed impulsive-compulsive nature. A limitation of the present research was the use of a non-validated semi-structured clinical interview to diagnose impulse control disorders. Future research should examine other characteristics (e.g., epidemiology, neurobiology, genetics, treatment response) to further investigate whether ED should remain classified as an OCRD.

关键词： Prominence   Intonation   Pitch accents   Exemplar theory   Clustering   Prosodic categories  

摘要： This article explores an exemplar-theoretic approach to the integration of phonetics and phonology in the prosodic domain. In an exemplar-theoretic perspective, prominence categories, here specifically, pitch-accented syllables and unaccented syllables, are assumed to correspond to accumulations of similar exemplars in an appropriate perceptual space. It should then be possible, as suggested for instance by Pierrehumbert (2003), to infer the (phonological) prominence categories by clustering speech data in this (phonetic) space, thus modeling acquisition of prominence categories according to an exemplar-theoretic account. The present article explores this approach on one American English and two German databases. The experiments extend an earlier study (Schweitzer, 2011) by assuming more acoustic-prosodic dimensions, by excluding higher-linguistic or phonological dimensions, and by suggesting a procedure that adjusts the space for clustering by modeling the perceptual relevance of these dimensions relative to each other. The procedure employs linear weights derived from a linear regression model trained to predict categorical distances between prominence categories from phonetic distances using prosodically labeled speech data. It is shown that clusterings obtained after adjusting the perceptual space in this way exhibit a better cluster-to-category correspondence that is comparable to the one found for vowels, and that both the detection of vowel categories and the detection of prominence categories benefit from the perceptual adjustment. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

摘要： Fishery-dependent communities in coastal environments are often vulnerable to hurricanes, but diverse and accessible fisheries may buffer the effects of extreme storms and promote community resilience. We began evaluating this possibility with a qualitative study in the Lowe Sound and Red Bays communities in The Bahamas immediately after the impact of a category 4 hurricane. We interviewed 68 households, asking about the relationships between the storm's impacts and fisheries resources. Lowe Sound respondents described fisheries as natural insurance that provided food and income. Both communities indicated that retaining access to boats was critically important. Respondents most often blamed impacts on low-elevation geography, followed by religious interpretations. Fishers linked damages with climate change more often than other community members, suggesting that fishers have an experiential knowledge of climate change. We discuss the importance of fisheries as natural insurance, how recovery efforts can strengthen resilience, and potential outreach strategies that incorporate local knowledge.

关键词： Ductal carcinoma in situ   Oncotype DX   Quantitative histomorphometry   Nucleus  

摘要： Background Oncotype DX (ODx) is a 12-gene assay assessing the recurrence risk (high, intermediate, and low) of ductal carcinoma in situ (pre-invasive breast cancer), which guides clinicians regarding prescription of radiotherapy. However, ODx is expensive, time-consuming, and tissue-destructive. In addition, the actual prognostic meaning for the intermediate ODx risk category remains unclear. Methods In this work, we evaluated the ability of quantitative nuclear histomorphometric features extracted from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide images of 62 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients to distinguish between the corresponding ODx risk categories. The prognostic value of the identified image signature was further evaluated on an independent validation set of 30 DCIS patients in its ability to distinguish those DCIS patients who progressed to invasive carcinoma versus those who did not. Following nuclear segmentation and feature extraction, feature ranking strategies were employed to identify the most discriminating features between individual ODx risk categories. The selected features were then combined with machine learning classifiers to establish models to predict ODx risk categories. The model performance was evaluated using the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using cross validation. In addition, an unsupervised clustering approach was also implemented to evaluate the ability of nuclear histomorphometric features to discriminate between the ODx risk categories. Results Features relating to spatial distribution, orientation disorder, and texture of nuclei were identified as most discriminating between the high ODx and the intermediate, low ODx risk categories. Additionally, the AUC of the most discriminating set of features for the different classification tasks was as follows: (1) high vs low ODx (0.68), (2) high vs. intermediate ODx (0.67), (3) intermediate vs. low ODx (0.57), (4) high and intermediate vs. low ODx (0.63

关键词： Hopf algebra   Finite tensor category   Briaded tensor category   Modular tensor category  

摘要： For a braided finite tensor category C with unit object 1 is an element of C, Lyubashenko considered a certain Hopf algebra F is an element of C endowed with a Hopf pairing omega : F circle times F -> 1 to define the notion of a 'non-semisimple' modular tensor category. We say that C is non-degenerate if the Hopf pairing omega is non-degenerate. In this paper, we show that C is non-degenerate if and only if it is factorizable in the sense of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik, if and only if its Mfiger center is trivial, if and only if the linear map Hom(c)(1, F) -> Hom(c)(F, 1) induced by the pairing omega is invertible. As an application, we prove that the category of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over a Hopf algebra in C is non-degenerate if and only if C is. (C) 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Exercise   Ageing   Functioning and disability   Health behaviour   Lifestyle  

摘要： Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women;76.8 +/- 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) 'physically active & low sedentary', (2) 'physically active & high sedentary', (3) 'physically inactive & low sedentary', and (4) 'physically inactive & high sedentary'. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results 'Physically active & low sedentary' and 'physically active & high sedentary' individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (beta = 1.73 and beta = 1.30 respectively;all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (beta = - 13.96 and beta = - 8.71 respectively;all p < 0.001) compared to 'physically inactive & high sedentary' participants. Likewise, 'physically inactive & low sedentary' group had significantly lower frailty (beta = - 2.50;p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty

关键词： Subfactors   Modular tensor categories   Dualities   Conformal nets   Reconstruction program  

摘要： The representation category of a conformal net is a unitary modular tensor category. We investigate the reconstruction program: whether all unitary modular tensor categories are representation categories of conformal nets. We give positive evidence: the fruitful theory of multi-interval Jones-Wassermann subfactors on conformal nets is also true for modular tensor categories. We construct multi-interval Jones-Wassermann subfactors for unitary modular tensor categories. We prove that these subfactors are symmetrically self-dual. It generalizes and categorifies the self-duality of finite abelian groups. We call this duality the modular self-duality, because the modularity of the modular tensor category appears in a crucial way. For each unitary modular tensor category, we obtain a sequence of unitary fusion categories. The cyclic group case gives examples of Tambara-Yamagami categories. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： retrosplenial complex (RSC)   parrahippocampal place area (PPA)   navigation   categorization   scene processing  

摘要： We represent the locations of places (e.g., the coffee shop on 10th Street vs. the coffee shop on Peachtree Street) so that we can use them as landmarks to orient ourselves while navigating large-scale environments. While several neuroimaging studies have argued that the parahippocampal place area (PPA) represents such navigationally relevant information, evidence from other studies suggests otherwise, leaving this issue unresolved. Here we hypothesize that the PPA is, in fact, not well suited to recognize specific landmarks in the environment (e.g., the coffee shop on 10th Street), but rather is involved in recognizing the general category membership of places (e.g., a coffee shop, regardless of its location). Using fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis, we directly test this hypothesis. If the PPA represents landmark information, then it must be able to discriminate between 2 places of the same category, but in different locations. Instead, if the PPA represents general category information (as hypothesized here), then it will not represent the location of a particular place, but only the category of the place. As predicted, we found that the PPA represents 2 buildings from the same category, but in different locations, as more similar than 2 buildings from different categories, but in the same location. In contrast, another scene-selective region of cortex, the retrosplenial complex (RSC), showed the exact opposite pattern of results. Such a double dissociation suggests distinct neural systems involved in categorizing and navigating our environment, including the PPA and RSC, respectively.