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关键词： 扫黑除恶   黑社会组织   恶势力  

摘要： 把握黑社会性质组织的四个特征时,重点需要注意以下问题:(1)组织特征——最基础的形式特征;(2)经济特征——获取经济利益的双重价值;(3)行为特征——最核心的客观特征;(4)危害性特征——最关键的本质特征。至于'恶势力',其本身并非刑法规范术语。'恶势力'实际上是在打击黑社会性质组织犯罪过程中,因为有的犯罪具备黑社会性质组织的部分特征而又难以认定为黑社会性质组织犯罪,故而提出的一个范畴。该范畴创设的目的,显然是为了严格限制黑社会性质组织的成立范围,避免降低认定标准。'恶势力'虽然不是任何具体犯罪的构成要件要素,但是往往成为影响行为刑法评价的实质违法要素;一些原本属于一般违法而尚难以评价为犯罪的行为,一旦具有恶势力性质,则有可能升格为犯罪。

关键词： 社会   范畴   哲学—世界观   误读   辨正  

摘要： 术语的革命指向了哲学—世界观的革命,马克思在唯物史观创立之初就实现了对'社会'一词的意义重构,奠定了社会范畴在历史唯物主义中的基础性地位。但人们在不断使用此概念时,却忽视了对其真实内涵的追问,导致了诸多争议、偏见和误解。从马克思主义新哲学观的诉求出发,破除实体性、实证化、抽象性的研究方法,重新发现唯物史观的社会范畴及其意涵,是开展马克思主义社会历史理论研究的前提。

关键词： 新词语   范畴   语义结构   生成机制  

摘要： 本文聚焦于用两个语义范畴核心成分组合来表达新事物的范畴边界新词语,如"奶茶、沙发床"。这类词语可分为七种语义结构类型:N1表N2的形状、N1表N2的颜色、N1表N2的味道、N1表N2的材料、N1和N2表材料、N1和N2表性质、N1和N2表用途。七类词语的语义生成机制主要包括隐喻机制和加合机制。总体来看,N1表N2的形状、N1表N2的颜色、N1表N2的味道、N1表N2的材料四类基于N1、N2的相似性,通过隐喻机制来运作;N1和N2表材料类是通过直接加合两个成分的语义的加合机制运作的;N1和N2表性质、N1和N2表用途两类无论是通过隐喻机制,还是加合机制都可生成语义,只是基于不同的机制就会有不同的理解。

关键词： 《哪吒之魔童降世》   范畴观   强区分   弱区分  

摘要： 强/弱区分理论认为,“强区分”认知机制刻意强调概念范畴内部成员之间、不同范畴之间的差异,是区别对待的认知理据;而“弱区分”认知则模糊同一概念范畴、尤其是原型概念范畴成员之间的差异、淡化不同概念范畴之间的边界,是平等对待的认知理据。国产动画影片《哪吒之魔童降世》中,元始天尊、申公豹和陈塘关孩童等角色的强区分认知机制是导致嫉妒、算计、仇恨和痛苦的元凶;李靖夫妇、哪吒和敖丙的弱区分认知机制,则是该片爱与温暖的源泉。弱区分认知机制所带来的精神力量,正是该片广受好评的底层原因。

关键词： 公安政治工作   公安业务工作   系统论   范畴  

摘要： 从系统论的角度看,公安政治工作由思想工作与组织工作构成,包括平时与战时两种状态,对业务工作具有把舵导航和聚力润滑作用,且通过群众工作实现同外界的良性互动。当前,公安政治工作在职责定位、观念认知、措施谋划等方面均面临着实践困惑;增强公安政治工作实效性,应立足"整体大于部分之和",着重改善结构,正确处理各种范畴的辩证关系,实现系统结构与功能相互匹配。

关键词： d-cluster范畴   相对d-rigid子范畴   d-rigid子范畴   rigid子范畴  

摘要： 通过定义d-cluster范畴上的相对d-rigid子范畴,证明了在d-cluster范畴上,对于给定的d-rigid子范畴,其对应的相对d-rigid子范畴和rigid子范畴等价.

关键词： Health claims   Nutrition claims   Eye tracking   Visual attention   Consumer behavior   Purchase decision  

摘要： Labeling food packages with nutrition and health claims is a widely used practice. This study aims to contribute to the literature by examining the gaze and purchase behavior of consumers regarding food products with nutrition and health claims. A close-to-realistic purchase situation with three-dimensional food packages with nutrition, health, and taste claims was simulated while the participants' eye movements were measured using head-mounted eye tracking glasses. In the purchase situation, two food categories with differing perceived healthiness were offered, orange juice and milk chocolate. In total, 156 consumers participated in this study which was undertaken in Germany. The findings indicate that each claim was noticed by at least 85% of the participants and health claims were looked at longer than nutrition or taste claims. Furthermore, when compared to other participants, the longer a participant looked at a specific claim, the more likely the participant was to purchase the respective product. Even though the product category had no effect on the gaze duration on claims, it affected the purchase behavior. Nutrition claims were preferred for orange juice while taste claims were preferred for milk chocolate. Health claims were preferred for neither. Marketers can benefit from this study, as it shows the gaze duration on claims influenced the purchase likelihood. Another important finding is that there are great differences between product categories regarding the type of claim consumers prefer.

关键词： Finite dimensional algebras   Derived categories   Finitistic dimension conjecture  

摘要： We consider the question of whether the injective modules generate the unbounded derived category of a ring as a triangulated category with arbitrary coproducts. We give an example of a non-Noetherian commutative ring where they don't, but prove that they do for any Noetherian commutative ring. For non-commutative finite dimensional algebras the question is open, and we prove that if injectives generate for such an algebra, then the finitistic dimension conjecture holds for that algebra. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stable homotopy theory   Homotopy theory of schemes   Motivic cohomology   Rigidity   Pro-homotopy theory   Etale realization  

摘要： Let k be an algebraically closed field of exponential characteristic p. Given any prime l not equal p, we construct a stable etale realization functor Et-l : Spt(k) -> Pro(Spt)(HZ/l) from the stable infinity-category of motivic P-1-spectra over k to the stable infinity-category of (HZ/l)*-local pro-spectra (see section 3 for the definition). This is induced by the kale topological realization functor a la Friedlander. The constant presheaf functor naturally induces the functor SH[1/p] -> SH(k)[1/p], where k and p are as above and SH and SH(k) are the classical and motivic stable homotopy categories, respectively. We use the stable kale realization functor to show that this functor is fully faithful. Furthermore, we conclude with a homotopy theoretic generalization of the kale version of the Suslin-Voevodsky theorem. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 韵   范畴   宋代   文学  

摘要： “韵”作为一个审美范畴,并不是在宋代产生的,但是在宋代文学中,却处于非常突出的位置。相比前代,宋代之“韵”不但在审美内涵方面有了丰富和深化,而且还以最高美感形态成为文艺创作和批评的最高标准。梳理“韵”的起源、发展脉络,进而对“韵”在宋代文学中的涵义和呈现形态加以分析,探究其背后的哲学思想、人生态度,不但有助于把握宋代的文艺创作、审美情趣,而且对认识宋以后中国古代美学的走向和内在特点也具重要意义。