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关键词： Periodicity   Perceptual categorization   Faces   Neurophysiology  

摘要： Recording direct neural activity when periodically inserting exemplars of a particular category in a rapid visual stream of other objects offers an objective and efficient way to quantify perceptual categorization and characterize its spatiotemporal dynamics. However, since periodicity entails predictability, perceptual categorization processes identified within this framework may be partly generated or modulated by temporal expectations. Here we present a stringent test of the hypothesis that temporal predictability generates or modulates category selective neural processes as measured in a rapid periodic visual stimulation stream. In Experiment 1, we compare neurophysiological responses to periodic and nonperiodic (i.e., unpredictable) variable face stimuli in a fast (12 Hz) visual stream of nonface objects. In Experiment 2, we assess potential responses to rare (10%) omissions of periodic face events (i.e., violations of periodicity) in the same fast visual stream. Overall, our observations indicate thatcategory(face)-selective processes elicited in a fast periodic stream of visual objects are immune to temporal predictability. These observations do not support a predictive coding framework interpretation of category-change detection in the human brain and have important implications for understanding

关键词： Pitch accent   Intonation   Prosody   Tonal alignment   Category  

摘要： It has already been observed that there is no one-to-one mapping between intonational categories and the pragmatic functions they are used to express. For instance, in German a particular pitch accent (L+H*) is often used to express contrastive (corrective) focus, but neither is the use of this pitch accent confined to this function nor is this the only pitch accent used to express it. In particular, there are considerable differences across speakers in the use of pitch accents and the functions they express. In this paper we look at the phonetic parameters that are characteristic of each of these pitch accents (10 peak alignment, tonal onglide and target height) and observe a striking similarity across speakers: All speakers modulate each parameter in the same direction, e.g. the f0 peak is aligned later for contrastive focus than for narrow focus. Whereas for some speakers this is transcribed as two different pitch accents (L+H* vs. H*), for others it is not, and the peak alignment is treated as phonetic variation within one accent type (H*). To capture both the differences and similarities in intonation, we therefore argue for an integrated analysis of the discrete phonological pitch accents and the modulation of continuous phonetic parameters that characterise them. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Clustering ensemble selection   Categorical data   Clustering validity indices   Quality   Diversity  

摘要： Clustering ensemble selection is an effective technique for improving the quality of clustering results. However, traditional methods usually measure the quality and diversity based on the cluster labels of base clusterings while missing the information of the original data. To solve this problem, a new clustering ensemble selection algorithm for categorical data is presented. In this algorithm, five popular internal validity indices and the normalized mutual information are utilized to measure the quality and diversity of the base clusterings, respectively. According to the quality measure, the partition with the highest value is firstly selected to participate in the ensemble. Then, the base partitions with the highest clustering quality and diversity with respect to the selected base partitions in previous iterations are iteratively selected, until the size of selected base clusterings is satisfied. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm are evaluated in comparison with full ensemble, random selection ensemble and the state-of-the-art ensemble selection algorithms. Experimental results on real categorical data sets show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the existing ensemble selection algorithms in terms of clustering quality. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： categorization   development   event-related potentials   infants   rapid repetition  

摘要： Behavioural and recent neural evidence indicates that young infants discriminate broad stimulus categories. However, little is known about the categorical perception of humans represented as full bodies with heads and their discrimination from inanimate objects. This study compares infants' brain processing of human and furniture pictures, probing infants' categorization skills with an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. Seven-month-old infants (n=23) were tested in a rapid repetition ERP paradigm. Trials consisted of two consecutive stimuli: prime and target. Different ERP parameters (Nc, PSW) were compared across human and furniture items and for repeated and unrepeated categories. The PSW was consistently enhanced for unrepeated compared to repeated categories, thus indicating category discrimination. Nc amplitude was enhanced for furniture primes compared to human primes, but not for corresponding targets. In sum, these findings suggest that ERP rapid repetition studies are suitable for probing perceptual category discrimination in infancy. 7-month-olds discriminated between humans, presented as full body pictures, and furniture exemplars, but did not seem to prefer either of these categories. Highlights 7-month-olds' ability to categorize humans and furniture items was tested using rapid repetition ERPs. The PSW was enhanced for unrepeated categories, indicating broad categorization. The Nc, indicating neural attention, was not enhanced for humans compared to furniture items.

关键词： Projective dimension   graded length   quasi-hereditary algebra   parabolic category O  

摘要： We study projective dimension and graded length of structural modules in parabolic-singular blocks of the BGG category O. Some of these are calculated explicitly, others are expressed in terms of two functions. We also obtain several partial results and estimates for these two functions and relate them to monotonicity properties for quasi-hereditary algebras. The results are then applied to study blocks of O in the context of Guichardet categories, in particular, we show that blocks of O are not always weakly Guichardet.

关键词： De minimis defense   Offense modification   Defense classification  

摘要： De minimis defenses are an understudied aspect of law, appearing in legal practice more often than in legal theory but rarely garnering any type of extensive analysis in either. This has led to an unfortunate state of affairs in which one term is applied to a set of practices that are, at best, only loosely connected. Using Paul Robinson's system of defense types, this paper will illustrate the various roles and functions the de minimis defense plays in our legal system. In doing so, it will highlight the dangers of viewing the defense as monolithic and suggest that our terminology surrounding de minimis ought to be revised due to the differing justifications that support the application of each de minimis type.

关键词： Categorisation   Context   Perception   Membership categorisation analysis   Cycling   Traffic system  

摘要： This article is concerned with disputes between cyclists and drivers. The analysis describes members' categorisational practices that provide for the seeing of an 'incorrect' use of the road and for the production and relevancy of the context of the disputes (the traffic system). The analysis describes members' in situ and in vivo accomplishments of (spatial) rights and obligations in and through relational categorisations of road users and objects, their actions, and visually available resources, in relation to the 'proper use of the road' and the gestalt contexture of the common place traffic scene. The article revisits the suggestion of Hester and Francis that the organisation of categorisations in talk may provide technical access to the ways in which members organize the visual perception of the commonplace scene. The article closes by proposing a revised "observers' maxim" that takes in to account the highly indexical nature of observation and categorisation in and as the context in which observations are made. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membership categorization analysis   Conversation analysis   Multimodality   Embodied mapping   Multi-layered sequential flow   Sports coaching  

摘要： In this paper we seek to contribute to methodological discussions within ethnomethodology and conversation analysis related to the integration of sequential and categorial orders of organization within analysis. We suggest that while video has facilitated the expansion of the analytic frame to include embodied conduct and the material environment as features of sequential order, there has been less systematic engagement with the categorial order as part of a multilayered flow of action formation. In this paper we use video data to explore social action within a multi-layered categorial and sequential flow in which multiple 'layers' of categorization become relevant as coordinated action unfolds sequentially. In doing this we seek to extend the analysis of categorial and sequential work to incorporate both embodied conduct and the material structure of the environment into empirical analyses. The analysis, based on video data recorded during basketball training sessions, describes the reflexive sequential and categorial organization of embodied activities in basketball coaching sessions, focusing on the organization of talk and conduct between the coach and players during correction activities. Specifically, we examine in detail the coach's use of 'embodied mapping' through spatial categorization devices in the process of correcting players' conduct. In exploring the actions of the coach the paper highlights the contribution of membership categorization analysis for analyzing the systematic and situated organization of sense-making in instructed activities. We conclude by suggesting that further understanding of the organization of embodied activities may be gained by attending to the ways in which categorization devices may be invoked, maintained, and replaced not only through participants' talk-in-interaction, but also through their bodily movements and employment of material structure in the environment. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： PUBLISHERS & publishing   TICKET scalping   AUTHOR readings  

摘要： The article reports on an acquisition of rights for publishing 'The Couple Next Door' book written by Shari Lapena through the publishing firm Pamela Dorman. Topics discussed include management of marketing conditions for the book through Viking publication; management of touting approaches for book reading events by Viking for promotion of the book; and views of Viking's publicist Olivia Taussig over marketing conditions.

关键词： BEST sellers   CHARTS, diagrams, etc.   DETECTIVE & mystery stories   ROMANCE fiction   SCIENCE fiction